2023屆上海市高考英語(yǔ)模擬試卷（原卷版）

2022-2023學(xué)年全國(guó)普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試

上海英語(yǔ)模擬試卷

I.Listeningcomprehension

略

ILGrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.

Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,use

onewordthatbestfitseachblank.

It'shardertohealatnight

Circadianrhythm,betterknownasourbodyclock,isthecyclethatkeepsusmovingon.Duringa24-hourcycle

ithelps](drive)multipleprocessesinthebody,fromhormonesecretionandsleepingpatternsto

metabolism.AndresearchersaltheMedicalResearchCouncil(MRC)LaboratoryofMolecularBiologyin

Cambridgehavediscoveredthatthiscyclecanaffectthehealingofwoundssuchascutsandburns.

DrJohnO'Neill,theseniorauthorofthestudy,said,“Thisisthefirsttimethatthecircadianclockwithin

individualskincells2(show)todeterminehoweffectivelytheyrespondtoinjuries.^^

Thestudyfoundthat,onaverage,bumsthat3(occur)atnighttook60percentlongertohealthan

bumsthathappenedduringthebodyclockdaytimecycle.Nighttimeburns(sustainedbetween8Pmand8am)healed

around28days4whenitwas17daysifaburnwassustainedduringtheday(between8amand8pm).The

studydrewtheseconclusionsafter5(analyse)datafrom118patientrecordsfromallmajorburnsunitsin

EnglandandWales.

Thereasoningbehindthedifferencesinhealingtimeisdueto6longittakesforskincellstomoveto

thesiteofthewoundandbeginrepairs,aprocessthatoccursmorequicklyduringthedaytime.Thisisdrivenby

increasedactivityoftheproteinswithinthecell,7actlikeamusclewithinthecell.

Inastatement,DrNedHoyle,theleadauthorofthestudy,said,"We'veshownthatthedailycyclesinourbody

clockcontrolhowwellcellscanrepair8(damage)tissuebyaffectinganessentialproteincalledactin.

Efficientrepairofourskiniscriticaltopreventinginfection,and9healinggoeswrong,woundsneedmore

timetoheal.Furtherresearchintothelink10bodyclocksandwoundhealingmayhelpustodevelopdrugs

thatpromotewoundhealing.

SectionB

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Note

thatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.achievedB.applicant-trackingC.descriptiveD.eliminateE.extent

F.high-energyG.matchH.missionsI.outcomesJ.quantifiableK.screen

OutsmartingtheRobotsQ:Regardingyourcolumnontryingtogetyourresumepasttherobots,I'ma

59-year-oldsalesprofessionallookingforajob.IsuspectI'mgettingbouncedbecauseI'mshowing20-plusyearsof

experience.HowshouldIbedescribingmyexperiencetogetpastthese11systems?—C.P.

A:Thesesystemstypically12applicantsbasedpartlyontheireducationlevel,titlesheldonpastjobs

andconsistency(一致性)ofworkhistory.Job-searchcoachesoftenrecommendleavingoutdatesmorethan20years

inthepast.Also,13thenamesofpastemployersthatareoutofbusiness.Replacethemwithageneral

descriptionofthekindand14oftheexperienceyougainedthere,suchassalesmanagement,andmention

titlesheldandresults15inthoseroles.Placespecialemphasisonquantifyingsuch16assalesor

market-sharegrowthorcustomersgained.

Trytoapplyonlyforopeningsthataretrulyagood17.thentailoryourapplicationandcoverletterby

selectingthesamekeywordsand18termsusedbytheemployerinthejobposting.Emphasizeyourmost

recentroles.Ifyou'vebeenoutofworkforawhile,consideracquiringsomenewqualificationsthroughtraining,or

puttingyoursalesskillstoworkforanonprofitorganizationinarolethatwillenableyoutoshow19results.

Employerswillbelookingforanactive,20applicantwhoisreadyforafaststart.

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,

CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

ManypeopleIknow(includingmembersofmyfamily)feelexerciseisatime-consumingandunpleasant

activity.Theyneedtochangeintootherclothes,tofrequentlytakeablockoftimeoutofbusylives,andtogetdirty

andexhausted:theyfinditall21.ButI'vealways22thehardworkandeventhesatisfactionof

earningthenextday'ssoremuscles.AndIhadaslightsenseofprideinknowingnotonlythatIwashelpingthe

biologicalmachinerythatpromoteshealthbutalsothatIgotaniceside23ofbeingabletoeatcookies

becauseFdburnedextracalories.

24Oratleast,notentirelyright.Asscienceshowsoverandoveragain,ourintuitiveideasofhow

thingsworkoftendon't25inthefaceofdataandcarefulanalysis.Thebenefitsofexerciseareacasein

point.Inthisissue'scoverstory,“TheExerciseParadoxscientistHermanPontzerdescribesasurprisingand

fascinatingresultofevolution:humansbumaboutthesamenumberofcaloriesregardlessof26level.And

comparedwithotheranimals,weusealotofcalories.Inadditionto27ourcommonsense,thefindings

providefurtherinsightsaboutwhyourkindhasbeensoextraordinarilysuccessful,becomingthe28force

ontheplanet.Bytheway,tobeclear,weshouldall29.Regularactivitydoeshelpourinnerenginesrun

right,andithassomebenefitsinelevatingmoodandimprovingcognition（認(rèn)知）.Butenablingweightlossregardless

ofdiet?Notsomuch.

Theknowledgethatwehavehadthecapabilitytoruleoverourownworldhas30theideathatwe

wouldsomedayalsocometoliveonotherplanets.Tobesure,that31encompasseshealthyamountsof

romanticism,asenseofadventureandevenconcernsabouthavingsufficientoptionstoensureourspecieslong-term

survival.32the“easy"problemsoflongerspacejourneysincludeescapingEarth'sgravitywithrockets,

buildingairtightshipswithenoughairtobreathe,andcarryinghugeamountsfoodandwater.Amuch

harder33isonethatHollywoodnevertoldyouabout:thedamagetothebraindonebycosmicradiation（宇

宙射線），whichneuroscientistCharlesL.Limolidescribesin"Deep-SpaceDealBreaker."Willitprovetobethe

barriertoour34"thefinalfrontier?Onethingiscertain:thehumanambitionmeanswewon't35

trying.

21.A.amusingB.unappealingC.convincingD.shocking

22.A.enjoyedB.mindedC.reflectedD.forgot

23.A.obstacleB.benefitC.impactD.view

24.A.WonderfulB.WrongC.PointlessD.Right

25.A.standupB.takeoffC.endupD.turnoff

26.A.serviceB.incomeC.activityD.demand

27.A.underratingB.over-impressingC.under-trainingD.overturning

28.A.dominantB.singularC.culturalD.declining

29.A.celebrateB.returnC.rememberD.exercise

30.A.rejectedB.consideredC.questionedD.inspired

31.A.rulingB.survivalC.knowledgeD.shift

32.A.BesidesB.OtherwiseC.SimilarlyD.Unfortunately

33A.routineB.versionC.challengeD.option

34.A.demandingB.measuringC.conqueringD.recognising

35.A.stopB.adviseC.deserveD.keep

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choose

theonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

Cartoonssuitthewaywelikeinformationtobepresentedthesedays:graphicallyandinsmallamounts.Weare

usedtocartoonsandcomicstripsthattakeanironiclookatmodernlifeorprovideabitofescapism.Butrecentlywe

haveseenanincreaseinthenumberofgraphicnovels:booklengthcomicswithasingle,continuousnarrative.

Historically,graphicnovelswerenotpopularoutsideFrance,Belgium,Japan,andtheUS.Theexceptionisthe

worldwidepopularityofayoungreporter-detectivefromBelgium,Tintin.

ThecreationoftheBelgiancartoonistHerge,TheAdventuresofTintinfirstappearedinaBelgiannewspaperin

1929.Eachstoryappearedasacartoonstripweekbyweek,butsoonafterwasrepublishedinbookform.Oneofthe

mainattractionsforreaderswasthattheyweretakentopartsoftheworldtheyhadneverseenandprobablynever

would:Russia,theCongo,America.HergehimselfonlytraveledoutsideBelgiumlaterinlife,buthispassionwas

educatinghisreadersaboutotherculturesandplaces.

TwothingssetHergeapartasagraphicnovelist.Thefirstwashistechnicaldrawingskills:withjustafew

simplelineshecouldcommunicateaparticularfacialexpressionormovement.Thesecondwasthecarefulresearch

heputintohisstories.InTheCrabwiththeGoldenClaws,Tintinfollowsanopium-smugglingringtoNorthAfrica;

inKingOttakar'sScepter,hemakesanattemptatamilitarycoupinacentralEuropeancountry.Whiletellingthese

stories,Hergealsosteeredafinelinebetweenserioustopicsandhumor.

Tintinhadmorethanhisfairshareofadventures,butperhapsthegreatestishisjourneytotheMoon,toldin

DestinationMoonandExplorersontheMoon.Writtenin1953,sixteenyearsbeforethefirstMoonlanding,the

storiesshowaremarkableeyefortechnicaldetailandfeelingforthenatureofspacetravel.Intheearly1950s,few

couldimaginewhatitwasliketobelookingdownatourplanetfromouterspace.AndthatisHerge\truegift:to

understandwhataplacewaslikewithouteverhavingbeenthere.

36.Whatcanbelearnedaboutgraphicnovelsfromthepassage?

A.TheAdventuresofTintinistheworld'sfirstgraphicnovel.

B.Mostofthemwerejustpopularinseveralcountries.

C.Theypresentinformationinsmallamounts.

D.Theymostlyinvolvedetectivestories.

37.WhichofthefollowingisanattractionofTheAdventuresofTintinforreaders?

A.ThestorieswerecreatedinBelgium,aEuropeancountry.

B.Thestorieswerethefirstgraphicnovelpublishedinbookform.

C.Thestoriesusedtobecartoonstripsthatappearedweekbyweek.

D.Thestoriesenablethemtolearnaboutplacestheyhaveneverbeento.

38.TheCrabwiththeGoldenClawsandKingOttakar9sScepterareusedasexamplestoillustrate.

A.Hergelikedtouchingonserioustopics

B.Hergehimselfhadagoodsenseofhumor

C.Hergebasedhisstoriesontheresearchresults

D.Hergewasexpertatapplyingtechnicaldrawingskills

39.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofHerge?

A.HehadbeenlongingforatriptotheMoon.

B.HeneverhadanychancetoleaveBelgiumfortravelling.

C.Hecoulddescribeaccuratelythoseexperiencesheneverhad.

D.Hedevotedhimselftoeducationbeforecreatinggraphicnovels.

（B）

WhereisAmeliaEarhart?

Threetheories

AmeliaEarhart,thefirstwomantoflyaloneacrosstheAtlanticOcean,wasattemptingaround-the-worldflight

in1937.SheplannedtolandonthetinyPacificOceanislandofHowland.Sheneverarrived.Herfate,andthatofher

navigator（導(dǎo)航員）FredNoonan,remainsoneofaviation's（航空的）greatestunsolvedmysteries.Researchershave

spentmillionsofdollarsinvestigatingthecaseandseveralbookshavebeenpublishedthatexamineddifferent

theories.

TheofficialUSpositionisthatEarhartranoutoffuelandcrashedinthePacificOcean.TheradiologfromaUS

CoastGuardshipindicatesthatshemusthavebeennearHowlandwhencontactwaslost

AnothertheorysaysthatEarhartcouldhavecrashedonadifferentisland,calledNikumaroro,anddiedsincethe

islandisuninhabited.

YetanothertheoryclaimsshewascapturedwhileonasecretmissiontotheMarshallIslandsintheNorthPacific

andeventuallyreturnedtotheUSwithanewidentity.

Lostandfound?

Themissingpilot

February18,2011

AmeliaEarhart'sdriedsaliva（唾液）couldhelpsolvethelongstandingmysteryoftheaviator's1937

disappearance,accordingtoscientistswhoplantotakesamplesofherDNAfromhercorrespondence.Anewproject

aimstocreateageneticprofilethatcouldbeusedtotestrecentclaimsthatabonefoundontheSouthPacificisland

ofNikumaroroisEarharfs.

JustinLong,aCanadianwhosefamilyispartiallyfundingtheDNAproject,pointsoutthatatthemoment,

anyonewhofindspartsofbonescanclaimthattheyareEarhart'sremains.AccordingtoJustinLong,Earhart'sletters

aretheonlyitemsthatarebothprovedtobehersandthatmightcontainherDNA.Hairsamplesareoneofthebest

sourcesofDNA,butnohairsamplesfromEarhartareknown.Therewas,intheory,asampleofEarhart'shairinthe

InternationalWomen'sAirandSpaceMuseuminCleveland,US.However,a2009studyrevealedthatthesample

wasactuallythread.

TheremainsofEarhart,hernavigatorNoonan,andtheirtwin-engineplanewereneverrecovered.Butin2009,a

groupofresearchersfoundabonefragmentonNikumarorothattheybelievedmighthavebeenfromoneofEarhart'

sfingers.However,somescientistshavesuggestedtheNikumarorobonefragmentisn'thumanatallbutmayinstead

belongtoaseaturtlethatwasfoundnearby.

ThenewEarhartDNAprojectwillbeheadedbyDongyaYang,ageneticscientistatSimonFraserUniversityin

Canada.YangwillworkonfourlettersEarhartwrotetoherfamily.MuchofEarhart'scorrespondencewasdoneby

hersecretarybuttheassumptionisthatEarhartmusthavesealedtheenvelopesofthesepersonallettersherself.

40.WhyaretheresomanytheoriesconcerningwhereAmeliaEarhartwas?

A.Itisstillamystery.

B.Sheleftwithsomesecrets.

C.Herflightcostmuchmoney.

D.Shereturnedwithanewidentity.

41.WhatcouldJustinLong'sprojecthelptodo?

A.TosearchNikumaroromorethoroughly.

B.lbconfirmifabonebelongstoAmeliaEarhart.

C.TofindoutwhoAmeliaEarhartoftenwroteto.

D.TolocateAmeliaEarhart'sremainsaccurately.

42.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.NoneofAmeliaEarhart'sDNAhasbeencollectedsofar.

B.AmeliaEarharttookdelightinwritingletterstoherfamily.

C.TheNikumarorobonefragmentbelongedtoAmeliaEarhart.

D.ThehairsampleinCleveland'smuseumwasAmeliaEarhart's.

（C）

Iranintomyfavouritetechnophobe（抗拒技術(shù)者）theotherday."Isee,“helaughed,"thatyourtechindustryis

inmeltdown!”Theannoyingthingisthathewaspartlyright.Whathashappenedisthattwomajorsecurity

weaknesses—oneofthemhasbeennamed"Meltdown”,theother"Spectre"—havebeendiscoveredintheCentral

ProcessingUnit（CPU）chipsthatpowermostofthecomputersintheworld.

ACPUisadevicefbrperformingbillionsofoperationsdetenninedbywhateverprogramisrunning:itfetches

somedatafrommemory,performssomeoperationsonthatdataandthensendsitbacktomemory;thenfetchesthe

nextbitofdata;andsoon.TwodecadesagosomeonehadanideaforspeedingupCPUs.Insteadofwaitinguntilthe

programtoldthemwhichdatatofetchnext,whynottrytopredictwhat'sneededandpre-fetchit?Thatway,the

processorwouldbecomefasterandmoreefficient.Thismeantthat—inanicecomparisonmadebyZeynepTufekci,

anacademicwhowritesbeautifullyaboutthisstufftheCPUbecamelikeasuper-attentivebutler（管家）,“pouring

thatsecondglassofwinebeforeyouknewyouweregoingtoaskforit”.

Butwhatifyoudon'twantotherstoknowaboutthedetailsofyourwinestock?”Itturnsout,“writesTufekci,

“thatbywatchingyourbutler'smovements,otherpeoplecaninferalotaboutthestock.^^Informationisvisiblethat

wouldnothavebeenavailableifhehadpatientlywaitedforeachofyourcommands,ratherthantryingtopredict

them.Almostallmodemmicroprocessorsbehavelikeattentivebutlers-andtherevealingtracesleftbytheirhelpful

actionsmeanthatinformationthatissupposedtobesecretisn't.

ThebiggesttakeawayfromthediscoveryofMeltdownandSpectreistherealisationoftheshakinessofthe

foundationsonwhichwehaveconstructedournetworkedworldWehavealwaysknownthatthereisnosuchthing

asacompletelysecurenetworkeddevice.Nowweknowthatattheheartofeverynetworkeddevicetheresitsan

insecureprocessor.

Initially,itwasthoughtthattheonlyanswerwouldbetoreplaceallthoseprocessors—anunconscionable

option.Butthenitturnedoutthatsolutionsexistintermsofpatches（補(bǔ)?。﹖ooperatingsystemsoftware.The

industryisworkingonthoseandeveryconscientioususeroughttoinstallthemwhentheybecomeavailable.But

there'snofreelunchhere:fixingtheproblemwillslowdownprocessorsbyanamountthatwilldifferfromchip

generationtogeneration.Microsoft,forexample,saysthatpatcheswill''significantlyslowdowncertainserversand

affecttheperformanceofsomepersonalcomputers^^.Firingthatattentivebutlermeansthatyouhavetofetchyour

owndrinks.Andthattakeslonger.Patienceisavirtue,sometimes,evenincomputing.

43.Whatcanbelearnedabout“Meltdown"and"Spectre“fromthepassage?

A.TheyarecoinedbyZeynepTufekci.

BTheyrefertothebasiccomputerproblems.

C.Theyhavebeenexistingsincecomputerscameintouse.

D.Theywereusedbytechnophobestoattackthetechindustry.

44.Whatchangedidthettsomeone^^（paragraph2）bringtoCPUs20yearsago?

A.CPUs'abilitytoaccessdatabeforereceivingacommand.

B.CPUs'abilitytomakealterationstoacomputer'smemory.

C.CPUs'abilitytoperformoperationswithoutthehelpofprograms.

D.CPUs'abilitytocorrectthemistakesindatathatusedtobeinvisible.

45.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofthepatchestooperatingsystemsoftware?

A.Theywillprovetobeanunconscionableoption.

B.Theywillonedayreplaceallthoseprocessors.

C.TheywillaffectCPUs'workingefficiency.

D.Theywillcostprogrammerstheirpatience.

46.Whatistheauthormostlikelytoagreewith?

A.Thecurrentcomputerprocessingisfastbutunsafe.

B.Toomuchattentionispaidto“Meltdown”and“Spectre”.

C.ThecomparisonthatTufekcimakesisnotthataccurate.

D.InformationsecurityhassloweddownCPUdevelopment.

SectionC

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentence

canbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

Crayfish（龍蝦）appearanxiousaftermoulting（換殼）

Whenacrayfishmoults,itbecomestemporarilyweak.47"Theyworry,theyhaveafrightstatethat

makesthemavoidpotentiallydangerousareas.It\kindoflikeanxiety,saysPascalFossatattheUniversityof

BordeauxinFrance.

FossatandhiscolleaguescollectedcrayfishnearBordeauxandstoredtheminindividualtanksthatweresimilar

totheirnaturalhabitat.Whenthecrayfishbegantomoult,theresearchersplacedtheminanareathathadtwodark

sectionsandtwolitsections,andrecordedtheirbehaviour.

Overthefollowingtwodays,thecrayfishshowedastrongpreferenceforhidinginthedarkregions.

48Forcomparison,whenthecrayfishweren'tmoulting,theytypicallyspentabout30percentoftheirtime

inthelight."They'reveryweakwhentheyremovetheoldexoskeleton（殼）,andthenewoneistotallysoftuntilthey

eattheoldonetogetbackthemineralsthatmakethenewexoskeletonstronger,“saysFossat.

Theteamalsotookcrayfishthatweren'tmoultingandinjectedthemwithanecdysteroid—aclassofhormone

thatcontrolsmoulting.Theyfoundthatthecrayfishexhibitedthesameaiixiety-likebehaviour.

Toexplorewhetheritwaspossibletochangethisbehaviour,Fossatandhiscolleaguestooktheanimalstheyhad

treatedwiththeecdysteroidandinjectedthemwithanti-anxietydrugsdevelopedforuseinhumans.49

“Theydidn'thavethefrightfrombefore,saysFossat.

Fossatsuspectscrayfishmaybecapableofotheremotions—althoughitisadifficultsubjecttoinvestigate

becausecrayfisharebiologicallysodifferentfromhumans.

RobertElwoodatQueen'sUniversityBelfastintheUKsaysheanimalsmaybeactingonbasicphysiological

mechanismsthathumanshaveinterpretedasfeelings.Buthesaysthatnewresearchishelpingusunderstandthe

rangeofemotionsinvertebrates（無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物）mayexperience.

“We'vespentalotoftimeworriedaboutanimalwelfare,askingwhethertheyareinstressorpain,,,hesays.

"50

A.Thecrayfishreturnedtospendingaboutone-thirdoftheirtimeinthelight.

B.Itissuiprisingthatanti-anxietydrugsdesignedforhumanusealsoworkoninvertebrates.

C.Iftheydidencounterthelitsections,theymovedbackintothedarkin80percentofcases.

D.Nowthereisevidencethatthisleadstobehaviourthatresemblesanxiety.

E.Theylastsharedacommonancestorwithushundredsofmillionsofyearsago.

F.Nowwe'rebeginningtoturnthatoverandaskifwecansaywhenananimalishappyorcheerful.

IV.SummaryWriting

51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaandthemainpoint（s）

ofthepassage.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

ThePaperArchitect

Foralongtime,ZahaHadidwasknownas“thepaperarchitect,someonewhoseg