中考英語(yǔ)面的復(fù)習(xí)提綱

a,e,i,o,u以-ed以-s，-es521字母a：發(fā)/e/anymanyanything；發(fā)//在/w/后常發(fā)短音//；發(fā)/ei/dangerstrangechange；發(fā)/a:/classcan'tfatherafter。evereveneveeevereveneve--/e/i://i:字母i：發(fā)/i:/manmachineo：/uwoman；/i/womenui/busybuildbuilt)。四、以-ed清輔音后讀作/t/(lookedhoped)；濁、元音后讀作/d/(leanedanswered)；t，ded,edid/(starteddecided)。五、以-s，-es輔音后讀作/s(maps，cakes)，濁、元音后讀作/z/(bananas，dogs)。almost(幾乎),also(也),salt(鹽),already(已經(jīng))。aie/音,請(qǐng)記?。簊aysaidsays。字母組合er發(fā)長(zhǎng)音//和短音//兩種情況時(shí)，同學(xué)也不易掌握，我們可以歸納其方法為:在重讀音節(jié)中er常發(fā)長(zhǎng)音//,在弱讀音節(jié)中則發(fā)短音//。good,stood(understood),wood,wool,took,book,look,cook.另外，特別要注意room和classroom中字母組合oo的發(fā)音的區(qū)別，我們可以為長(zhǎng)詞發(fā)短音，即classroom/u/,room/u:/。字母組合or發(fā)/:/和//兩種音時(shí)，也是同學(xué)的薄弱處。or發(fā)短音//的單詞中，forget,也是同學(xué)不易掌握的，所以要特別加以。/au/houseenough；在ght前發(fā)/:/fought,thought,bought.少數(shù)情況發(fā)/u/could,would,字母組合tion有兩種發(fā)音/tn/,/n/同學(xué)易搞字母組合ng發(fā)//和 搞錯(cuò)的是：orange這個(gè)詞，這個(gè)詞n后的發(fā)音為g發(fā)//，故n發(fā)/n/.dy音一種是在重讀音節(jié)中元音字母之后沒有輔音字母，叫絕對(duì)開音節(jié)。如：go,no,me,，的理解和運(yùn)用地體現(xiàn)了語(yǔ)言交際功能。要求考生平時(shí)注意區(qū)別英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)，還要注，測(cè)試活化為集理解、語(yǔ)法、結(jié)構(gòu)、詞性、拼寫等于一體的綜合性題型，而且成功地做到了 例：Thebellisringing.Couldyouanswerthet ,please?(答案：ephone)It'ssixintheevening.TheWhitesarehavingd 例：HeprefersEnglishtomathsA.likesboth…andB.likes…betterthanC.likesneither…norHismotherwasbadlyillyesterday.Hesent_for_a_doctorA.lookedforaB.wenttoseeaC.askedadoctortocome動(dòng)詞—形容詞：sleep現(xiàn)在分詞—現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞：boat名詞—形容詞：friend過去分詞—形容詞： 名詞—名詞：farm interested"感的"只作表語(yǔ)，僅用于beinterestedin；interesting"有趣的"可作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。改錯(cuò):I'mfeelingrathertiredofreading.Whatabouttoytennis? 此題應(yīng)將toy改為ying。Whatabout/Howabout+名詞或代詞或動(dòng)詞的ing形式。 改錯(cuò)：Ineedtakeanumber47thbus. 正確表達(dá)方法：Ineedtotakeanumber47bus47needsomething需要某物needtodosomething需要干某事改錯(cuò)：Likeeveryoneknows,aballisround. likeas正確表達(dá)方法：Aseveryoneknows，aballisround.注意：as在這里是連詞，意思是“像……一樣，正如……那樣”。而like作“如同，像，和……一樣”講時(shí)是介詞，例：IwishIcouldsinglikeher.我希望能像她那樣唱歌。改錯(cuò)：Wesatroundthefire. 正確表達(dá)方法：Wesataroundthefire.我們圍著爐子坐下。注意：aroundroundaround，round的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)。不過它們有時(shí)也可以互換，around多用于，round多用于英國(guó)。例：Theearthgoesroundthe地球圍繞轉(zhuǎn)填空:Ourteachertoldusthatthesun intheeast.（rise）此題應(yīng)該填（rises，本題主要的是賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)，一般情況下，從句應(yīng)該和主句保持一致，即當(dāng)主句的謂MrJohn in1996.Myfatheralways outforwalkafterA.B.isC.hasD.人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞指示代詞相互代詞疑問代詞a/anthe形容詞和副詞的和的構(gòu)形容詞和副詞的和的用連系動(dòng)詞 e,get,turn,look,feel,sound,be,do,have,will,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,may,must,need,dare,might,should,shall,will,could,would,haveto,oughttowhat,which,who(m),when,where,howto

letmake,see,hear,watch

desktimelifebookroomhonestyworker人pencil鉛筆computer計(jì)算機(jī)專有名詞:表示具體的人、事物、地點(diǎn)或機(jī)構(gòu)的專有名稱。如，中國(guó)Asia亞Beijingteachertea茶reform1)名稱:表示單個(gè)的人和事物horse馬car汽車room房間apple蘋果fan風(fēng)扇picturepeople人們family家庭armyernmentgroupfiresteelairwatermilklabourhealthlifefriendshippatience1、可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)之分,表示一個(gè)或多個(gè)。abooktwobooks沙sugar1．Thebagisinthedesk.bag2．Iwashedmyclothesyesterday.(clothesThisisagoodbook.(bookWeelectedhimourmonitor.(monitorMaryliveswithherparents.和父母親住在一起。(parents作介詞賓語(yǔ)HeisaPartymember.(PartyTheystudyharddayandnight.他們白天黑夜地學(xué)習(xí)。(dayandnight作狀語(yǔ))Beijingisthepolitical,economicandcultural of.Thereareall ofbirdsinthetreesbehindthe如三座樓，threebuildings. f、fef、feves：knife--單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的詞：sheep--sheep，fish--fish，--，Japanese--，，-men,Frenan-Frenen，child-eople(clotestrouers(glases(眼鏡),howmany，many，afew，few，alotof，lotsof，some，any等。應(yīng)特別這些不可數(shù)名詞：medicine,news,work,,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood不可數(shù)名詞無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常看成單數(shù)。如：Somebreadisover常用howmuch,much,alittle,little,alotof,some,any等來修飾不可數(shù)名常用apieceof,acupof等來表示不可數(shù)名詞的量。如要表達(dá)“兩片面包”這樣的意義，bread仍為不可數(shù)名詞，不加s，而piece則可加s。即：twopiecesofbreadManyof inthisarealiveinthehills.thetheIcanknowmostof intheschoolthetheamuch改錯(cuò)：I'mafewlaterafewalittle正確表達(dá)方法：I'malittlelater或副詞的比較極；little“很少的”修飾不可數(shù)名詞（表示否定；afew“改錯(cuò)：Theairallaroundusismen's正確表達(dá)方法：Theairallaroundusisman's--goods貨物wood木---woods樹林letter字母---letters文學(xué)manner方法，---mannersworkworks改錯(cuò)：Twohundredsoldpeoplediedofcoldlasthundredss正確的表達(dá)方法：Twohundredoldpeoplediedofcoldlasts。如：sixdozenpencils；dozensofeggs；改錯(cuò)題：Iboughttwotrousers：Iboughttwopairsofapairof。如；apairofshoesthreepairsofshoesThatiscar.mybrother's-in-mybrother-in-mybrother-in-mybrothers-in-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則在s后加“'”即可。如：Teachers'Day,twoweeks'holiday，s's。如：Children'sDay。myaunt'sgotothedoctor'sLucyandLily's和的agirloffive一個(gè)五歲的afriendofmine改錯(cuò)：Hewillgotohissisterfordinner.sister“'s”。正確表達(dá)方法：Hewillgotohissister'sfordinner。注意：在英語(yǔ)中'satthedoctor's在診所nearthegrocer's在食品店附近tomyuncle's到我叔叔家。改錯(cuò)：TheseareJohn'sbooksandthoseareMary'sbooksMary'sbooksbooks正確表達(dá)方法：TheseareJohn'sbooksandthoseareMary's注意：'sThedictionaryisnotmine，butComradeWang's。這本字典不是我的，是王的。Theyincludesilksandcolouredthread.(silk“絲、Thesecuttingtoolsareallmadeofhardalloysteels.這些刀具都是用硬合Thehousebuiltofstonewasonceusedasaware-house.用石料建的那個(gè)房Stonesfelldownfromtheedgeofthecliff.Thereislambon today.ManylambsaregrazinginthefieldsThesouptastesofonion.Theyoungmanlikestoeatbeefandboiledonions.類似的名詞如：rubber橡膠，rubbers膠鞋；glass玻璃，glasses眼鏡，achalks彩色粉筆；coffee咖啡，twocoffees兩杯咖啡。Youaredrawing 其構(gòu)成一般為“thesTheUnitedStates(),TheUnitedNations(),WomeninLove(書名),James(人專有名詞中有某些復(fù)數(shù)地理名稱，例如：theAlps(阿爾卑斯山),thePhilippines(菲律賓群島),theWestIndies(西群島)。改錯(cuò)：TherearefourMary'sinourclass.Mary'sMarys。正確表達(dá)方法：TherearefourMarysinourclass.我們班有四個(gè)在英家，夫妻都是同一個(gè)姓，同姓的就。因此也可以有復(fù)形。---Whereareyou---Wearefrom ---Wheredotheycome---Theycomefrom A.B.C.D.Physics oneofthe IfindA.is,B.are,C.is,D.are,

例：Tomboughtabook.Heisreadingitnow.買了一本書。他現(xiàn)在正Myparentsareteachers. bothteachEnglish.Iamaworker.Iworkinafactory.Youareagoodteacher.IstudyEnglisheveryday.我天天學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。Weshalldoourbesttohelpthepoor.盡全力幫助貧困者。Ilivein.Sheisagreatcountry.我住。她是一個(gè)偉大的國(guó)家It'sme.Openthedoor,please.TheysayyouaregoodatcomputerHe'smyfather,butI'mnothisson.I'mhis daughter2000Ilovemy LiHua'sbikeisred,andyoursisgreen. Shewortedownmyaddressaswellashers.她記下了我的地址，還記下了她Thecoatismine,not Wevisitedanartclassroomof On wayhome,Imetafriendof A．my,myB．mine,myC．mine,mineD．my,mine反身代詞。反身代詞第一、二人稱構(gòu)成是由形容詞性物主代詞加“-self”(復(fù)數(shù)加-selvesselfselvesIamteachingmyselfcomputer.我計(jì)算機(jī)Takegoodcareofyourself.Thechildhimselfdrewthispicture.孩子自己畫的這Youshouldaskthechildrenthemselves.DidyouhaveagoodtimelastYes.Weallenjoyed verymuch.常用的不定代詞如下：all,any,another,both,each,every,either,few,little,many,much,no,none,neither,one,other,some以及由some,any,no,every和body,one,thing構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。Everybodyshouldbehereontime Iknownothingabout That'sallI Igotoschoolbybikeeveryday. anyanyanyanyanyDoyouhaveany Youcancomeany Therearealotofflowersinthegarden,somearewhite,whichIlikeverymuch.花園里有許多花，有些是白色的，我特別喜歡。Iamgoingtogetsome Willyouhavesomecoffee, no在句中作定語(yǔ)。表示否定，語(yǔ)氣要比notany強(qiáng)。SheknowsnoEnglish. Ihavenobike. Noneofthemare It'snoneofyour manymanyManyofthestudentslikeEnglishvery Ihavemanybookstogive muchmuchThereisnotmuchinkinthebottle.afewfewalittlelittleFewofthebooksarecheap Afewfriendscametoseemeyesterday. Ihavealittlemoneytobuythebook. Thereislittlewaterinthethermos. Couldyoupleaseshowme anothertheotherothersoneWeputupbeautifullightson theallthearoundHeismuchtallerthan inhisanyanyanyotheranyotherDoyouhave toanythingelsesomethingelseitsuch,sameThatisared Whatdoyoulike?Ilike IshouldsayIknowthat. thistheseThisisabook.Thesearecars.Iambusythesedays.thatthoseThatisnotaroom.Thosearetreesthatthose還可以指前文中的事物，thisthese指下文中將要講到的事物。他Igotuplate,that'swhyImissedthebus.我起床遲了，這就是為什么我沒趕表示“誰(shuí)(who)，(whom)，誰(shuí)的(whose)，什么(what(which)”等Whoisherejustnow?剛才這兒Whomareyoulookingfor?Whoseexercise-bookisthis?What'sthis?這是什么?Whichonedoyoulike,thisoneorthatone?Whatweshoulddoisstillunknown.Iknowwhomheislookingfor.Idon'tknow howlinghimthebadhowIlinghimthebadhowtolhimthebadhowlhimthebadThestudentsdidn'tknow thedifficultmathstoworkhowtoworkwhatworkhowworkwho,whose,whom,that,which.ThisisthestudentswhosenameisWang Iknowwhatheiscomingto willgiveusatalkaboutstudyingwhomdoyouWhomdoyouWhodoyouWhodoyouwhat,who,whom,whose,which。質(zhì)，即what=thething(things)thatwho(m),which和what可以和ever(whoever,whomever,切”之意。whoever和whomever作為復(fù)合代詞，前邊有介詞，如果單純作介詞的賓語(yǔ)用whomeverwhoever。 Iwantiswater.一、itGoandseewhoitisItwasverycold,itsnowedandgotdark.ItwaspleasantmeetingyouinLondonthatday.表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞，如one,two……thefirstthesecond(第二)……1345threehundredandforty-fiveofscoresofpeople如：Theyarrivedintwosandthrees.inhisfiftiesin+theinthe2030s在乘法運(yùn)算的一種表示法里，如：3x5=15Threefivesisare)first---1stsecond---2ndthirty-first---(注：英式英語(yǔ)常常是日期，月份在后，如：18th.May；美式英語(yǔ)則常常是月，日在后，如：May18th.)o'clock非整點(diǎn)鐘數(shù)，分鐘不超過半小時(shí)，用“分鐘數(shù)+past55minutes.在每個(gè)例子第二種讀法中，則直minutes.afterpastof24hourso'clock,minutes oftheworkersinthisfactoryisabouttwohundred. ofthemarewomenworkers.Thenumber,FirstThenumber,OneAnumber,Anumber,Three1/2:one-half,ahalf1/3:one-third3/4:three-s1/5:one-fifth2/5:two-fifths7/8:seven-eighths1/10:one-tenth,a1/100:one-hundredth,onepercent1/1000:one-thousandth1/10000:oneten-:twoandonehalf,twoanda:fourandtwo-100%:onehundredpercent0.5%:pointfivepercent0.46%:pointfoursixpercent三、119:oneonenine120:onetwooh688:sixdouble-5337:fivedouble-threeseven6512:sixfiveonetwo97868:nineseveneightsixeight893493:eightninethreefourninethree737964:seventhreesevenninesixfour:sixtwothreesevenfourdouble-eight2.05:twopointnoughtfive,twopointo6.003:sixpointnoughtnoughtthree,sixpointoo78.12:seventy-eightpointone peopleattendedthefamousdirector'sfarewellA.ThousandB.TwoC.ThousandsD.Thenumberofthebooks twohundred. beafraidof(怕) beangrywith(生的氣)beawayfrom(不在某地) bedifferentfrom(與…不同)begoodat() begood/badfor(對(duì)…有益/有害)beinterestedin(對(duì)…感) belatefor()be/getreadyfor(為…作好準(zhǔn)備)besureofbeworriedabout(為…感到擔(dān)憂)YoumusttakegoodcareofThankyouforteachingusso in+一段時(shí)間(用于一般將來時(shí))after+一段時(shí)間(用于一般過去時(shí))after2．forsince+過去的一點(diǎn)時(shí)間bemadeofbemadeinbemadebysomebody由制in,on,atintime,intheend。onthenightofFebruary16。atatseven,atthemoment,atnight,atlast,atfirst,atnoon,attimes,atonce,atthistimeoftheyear,atthebeginningof,attheendofthismonth,atthesametime。tomorrow,yesterday,one,every,allthedaybeforeyesterdaythedayaftertomorrow前不用介詞。如:不能說intomorrow，只能說tomorrow在明天except+賓格/ngsomething“除……之外”(不包括本身)EveryoneisatschooltodayexceptLinTao=OnlyLinTaoisn'tatschool“用”通過交通工具byin通過媒介on/overthe on/overtheradio,on用工具withapen,withone'sbetweenbetweenthetwo...among例：Theredbagisverycheap.a大部分形容詞加-lyTheTimesisadailypaper.TheTimesispublished某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如：thedead，theliving，therich，thepoor，theblind，thehungry等。theBritish，theEnglish，theFrench，the等。繪詞--(大小，長(zhǎng)短，形狀，新舊，顏色)--出處--材料性質(zhì)，類別--名詞。asmallroundtableatallgraybuildingadirtyoldbrownafamousGermanmedicalschoolanexpensiveJapanesesportscarWecouldseeveryclearlyastrangelightaheadofwell，badly，hardHespeaksEnglishPleasewriteslowlyandenoughcloseclose近；closely仔細(xì)地Heissittingclosetome.Watchhimclosely.late與lalate晚；lay最YouaretooWhathaveyoubeenngladeepdeep（表示空間深度）；deeply（時(shí)常表示感情上的深度Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.highThenewasflyinghigh.IthinkhighlyofyourwidewidewidelyHeopenedthedoorwide.Englishiswidelyusedinthe與 lyYoucaneatinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.Youmayspeakly.Saywhatyoulike.形容詞與副詞的，級(jí)和，用來表示事物的等級(jí)差別。原級(jí)即形容詞的和有規(guī)則變化，1單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，在詞尾加-er，-est來構(gòu)成和二、the++比較范1、形容詞前通常必須用定冠詞the，副詞前可不用。形容詞most前面沒2、這些詞可修飾:byfar,far,much,mostly,almost。very可修飾，但位置與much不同。序數(shù)詞通常只修飾。3、否定詞語(yǔ)+，否定詞語(yǔ)+so…as結(jié)構(gòu)表示含義例：Iamhiseldersister. Youstudy Theskirtis 1、beamareisam/is/aream/is/are+not疑問式：Am/Is/Are+主語(yǔ)+其他?Yes,am/is/areNo,amis/are2、行為動(dòng)詞除主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)外，都用動(dòng)詞。主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ses。否定式：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞don't/doesn't+動(dòng)詞+其他疑問式：Do/Does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+其他注意：havehasoften,usually,always,sometimes,today,everydayonceaweek,everyfiveminutes,onSundays表示普遍真理。如，Theearthgoesroundthe表示在現(xiàn)在時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。如，Herecomesthe在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中代表一般將來時(shí)。如，I'llgowithyouifyouaretomorrow.bewaswere。其肯定式，否定式，肯定式：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過去式+其他。否定式：主語(yǔ)+didnot+動(dòng)詞+其他疑問式：Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+其他簡(jiǎn)略回答：(肯)Yes,主語(yǔ) (否)No,主語(yǔ)+主要用于過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如，Myfatherwasatworkoften,always用。如，Healwayswenttoworkbybuslastsummer.whenWhenshereachedhome,shehadashortrest.常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如，ago,yesterday,lastweek,intheolddays,whenIwasfiveyearsold,in1995等連用。助動(dòng)詞shall/will+動(dòng)詞(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)第一人稱時(shí)，一般用shall，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為willwill)?？隙ㄊ剑褐髡Z(yǔ)+shall/will+動(dòng)詞+其他否定式：主語(yǔ)+shall/will+not+動(dòng)詞+其他。疑問式：Shall/Will+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+其他。簡(jiǎn)略回答：(肯)Yes,shall/will.(否)No,主語(yǔ)+shall/will+not…表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：later(on),soon,inamonth,nexttime,fromnowon,tomorrow等。如，Ishallbeeighteenyearsoldnextyear.Fishwilldiewithoutshallwill表示請(qǐng)求。如，Whereshallwehavethemeeting?Willyoupleaselendmeyourpen?willIwillgiveyouanEnglish-dictionaryforyourbirthday.在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。如，Tomwillwritetomewhenhegetsthere.begoingto+動(dòng)詞也可表示將來時(shí)He'sgoingtolearnEnglishnextterm.Lookattheblackclouds!Itisgoingtoam/is/areing表示目前發(fā)生(進(jìn)行)的動(dòng)作(不指狀態(tài))，常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：nowatthemoment等，并常出現(xiàn)在祈使句的句子中，與look,listen連用。表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，表示這種動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞有：come，go,leave,arrive,start,seelovelike,prefer,hate,see,五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示到目前為止已經(jīng)完成，并對(duì)現(xiàn)在留下某種和影響的have/hasalready,yet,ever,never,just,before,once,twice等連用，也可以和包括現(xiàn)在在thesedays,today,thisyear,sofar等連用。forsince+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句，inthelasttenyears等,謂語(yǔ)只可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。begin，start，die，buy，leave，come完成時(shí)不能和表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，即不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，for+時(shí)間段，sincehowlong終止性動(dòng)詞：初中英語(yǔ)中常見終止性動(dòng)詞有：leave,go,come,arrive,begin,buy,borrow,die,join, e等。終止性動(dòng)詞要表示持續(xù)時(shí)，可用以下方法：將時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)改為時(shí)間段+ago，句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。若保留for+時(shí)間段，sincehowlongbeento,gonetobeenin/atbeentoonce,twice,already,everneverShehasbeentoShanghaitwice.(表示目前人在這里)goneto去某地了，說話時(shí)已離開此地，在去某地的途中或已在某地。ShehasgonetoShanghai。(表示現(xiàn)在人不在這里)。beenin/atfortendays,sinceIcamehere等連用。yesterday,in1991,threedaysagolasttime,lastnight等連用。一般過去時(shí)表明的是過去發(fā)生的事實(shí)，和現(xiàn)在不。forsinceforsinceItis/hasbeensince（了。had過去”。表示過去某一時(shí)間可用by,before等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，也可用when，before等引表示謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞形式叫做語(yǔ)態(tài)，分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。二、語(yǔ)態(tài)行為動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)：助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞bebe一般過去時(shí)：was/were一般將來時(shí)：will+be情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。benotThewindowwasbroken強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者，此時(shí)如想同時(shí)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，可用“by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行Thereddresswasmadebyher受者，這時(shí)應(yīng)把它們看作一個(gè)整體，變?yōu)檎Z(yǔ)態(tài)，不能丟掉其中的介詞，常用的有l(wèi)ookafter，takecareof，cutdown，laughat，talkabout,turnon等。有些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)本身即是語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式，不要再加by短語(yǔ)，常用的有becoveredwith,besurprisedat,beinterestedin,beworriedaboutbemadeof/from,beknowntoThisdictionarysells主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與

Marygavetheboy句：主語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作承受者)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式+by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者。Theboygivenapenby的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，變?yōu)檎Z(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要帶上to。Thebossmadehimdotheworkalldaylong.Hewasmadetodotheworkallday主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中若有雙賓語(yǔ)，變?yōu)檎Z(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，通常把指人的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)檎Z(yǔ)態(tài)的JohntoldMikethegoodMikewastoldthegoodnewsby系動(dòng)詞亦稱連系動(dòng)詞(LinkVerb)。作為系動(dòng)詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂be en./adj.turn+adj.變得get+adj.變得grow+adj.長(zhǎng)得keepadj.feel+adj.感到lookadj.seemadj./n.smelladj.Hefellill他昨天病了。(fellHefellofftheladder.助的動(dòng)詞稱作主要?jiǎng)釉~(MainVerb)。助動(dòng)詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用。例如：Hedoesn'tlikeEnglish.他不喜歡英語(yǔ)。(doesn'tHeissinging.Hehasgotmarried.HewassenttoEngland.Doyoulikecollegelife?DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucame Idon'tlike Docometothepartytomorrowevening.明天晚上一定來參加Hedidknow be,have,doshall,will,should,would一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(ModelVerbs)又稱為情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞(ModelAuxiliaries)。英語(yǔ)中助動(dòng)詞主can：beableto。可以，表示，相當(dāng)于may。can'tbemaybemust:mustbecould：canMay Yes,youmay.No,youcan'tMustI Yes,youmust.No,youmust表示說話人的看法，haveto表示外界客觀愿望，不得不Hermotherisill.ShehastostayathomeandtakecareofWhatshouldIdo?will,would，wouldWillyou...? Wouldyou...?Thereismuchwaterinthethermos.Tenthousandtonsofcoalwereproducedlast1therebeThereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthe2eitherorneither…nor，連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主here,thereHereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperfor當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有with,togetherwith,like,except,but,nolessthan,aswellas等詞引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致。Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthe在代詞what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most,all等詞的單復(fù)Allisright集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意思來決定。如family,audiencecrew,crowd,class,,committee等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，意為這個(gè)集Hisfamilyisn'tverylarge.但集合名詞people,,cattle,poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式Arethereany有些名詞，如variety,number,population,proportion,majority等有時(shí)看Anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。ThenumberofAnumberofbookshavelentout.Themajorityofthestudentslikehalfof,partof,mostofaportionofMostofhismoneyisspenton在一些短語(yǔ)，如manya或morethanone所修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用morethan…of作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。Manya hasreadthenovel.許多人都讀過這本書。eachevery,someno,anyeach,every,謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)。Eachofushasatape-TheArabianNightisabookknowntoloversofThreeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarya(an)thesuch，what，many，halfIhaveneverseensuchananimal.Manyamanisfitfortheasso,too,how,however,enoughItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverSoshortaToolongarather，quite后仍有形容詞，不定冠詞放其前后均可。如：quiteagoodteacher=aquitegoodteacheras，thoughBraveamanthoughheis，hetremblesatthesightofsnakes.他盡管勇當(dāng)名詞被形容詞修飾時(shí)，不定冠詞通常置于形容詞之后。all，both，double，half，twice，threetimes等詞之后，名詞之前。Allthestudentsintheclasswentout.表示“一個(gè)”，意為one；指或某物，意為acertain。AMrLingiswaitingforyou.AknifeisatoolforcuttingMrSmithisaninahurry；inaminute；inaword；inashortwhile；afterawhile；haveacold；haveatry；keepaneyeon；allofasudden。Takethemedicine.Heboughtahouse.I'vebeentothehouse.thesun，theskythemoon，theearth單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物，如：thedollar；thefox狐或與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類人：therich；thepoortheliving用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞，及形容詞only，very，same等前面Wheredoyoulive?Iliveonthesecondfloor.That'stheverythingI'vebeenlookingfor.Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.(指全體教師)Theyareteachersofthisschool. Shecaughtmebythearm.她抓住了我的thePeople'sRepublicof中theUnitedStates用在表示樂器的名詞之前：Sheysthepiano.她會(huì)彈鋼琴用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人：theGreens一家人(或夫婦intheday,inthemorning(afternoon，evening),thedayafterthedaybeforeyesterday,thenextmorning,inthesky(water，field，inthedark,intherain,inthedistance,inthemiddle(of),intheend,onthewhole,bytheway,gotothetheatre1England,America,Jack,MaryTheyareteachers.他們是教師。Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Mancannotlivewithoutwater.人離開水就無(wú)法生存。WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.我們從星期一到星期五都上課。TheguardstooktheAmericantoGeneralLee.士兵們把這個(gè)人送到那里。ybasketballIcan'twritewithoutpenorpencil.byne等。等名詞，直接置于介詞后，表示該名詞的含義。goto gotothehospital去醫(yī)院(并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)Thisismyfirst Hecamefirstinthe at(the)first,firstofall,fromfirstto如：and，or，but，so，for，both…and，either…or，neither…nor，notonly…butthat，when，till，until，after，before，assoonas，as…ascan…一、both…and四、and五、but表轉(zhuǎn)折，不能與though同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句中。六、ororand陳述句：that一般疑問句：if/whether二、引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的有：because,since,Iwon'tleaveuntilhecomesWehaven'tmeteachothersincesheleftherelastyear.MyfathercameinwhileIwasngmy.WestudyinNo.1MiddleSchool.it：ItismyjobtoteachthemEnglish.(真正的主語(yǔ)是“toteachthemEnglish”)HisParentsare Youlookyoungerthanbefore.(形容詞作表語(yǔ) Sheisyingthepianonow.(名詞作賓語(yǔ) Hedidtheworkcarefully.(副詞作狀語(yǔ) 一、陳述句(DeclarativeSentences)：說明看法是用來陳述一件事情或表示一種看Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Thefilmisratherboring.這部很乏味。not定結(jié)構(gòu)。必須的是：don't,doesn't,didn't后都用動(dòng)詞。Openthedoor,Don't。Don'tbelateforclass.Letme/us…Lethim/her/themand/orand祈使句+or+簡(jiǎn)單句表示“……否則……”lmeaboutit,willyou/won'tyou?Don'tlanyone,willyou?behave、has、docan、mayyesno回答的問句。它的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：Be/Have/Has/Did1bealready、some、something、somebody，alreadyyet，some、something、somebodyany、anything、anybodytooeither,bothneither,allnone候，常常把第一人稱I、weyou?；蜃髦髡Z(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)，就用特殊疑問詞＋陳述句語(yǔ)序。常用的疑問詞有：what,who(whom),whose,which,when,where,how,why等，回答時(shí)針對(duì)問句中的代詞和副詞來回答，不yesno5inthemorning,lastSundaywhen；whattime。9Howmanyhowmany10Howmuch12onceayear,twiceaweekoften13once,twice,threetimesHowmany15Howfar16What'sthedateWhatday…?What'stheweatherlike…?yesnoyesno如，LiLeinevergoestoschoollate,doeshe?上學(xué)從不,Yes,hedoes.不，他。(事實(shí)是，用yes回答.No,hedoesn't.是的，從不。(事實(shí)是不，則用no回答nonoonenobody,nothing,never,little,thinkeveryone,someonenoone,something,anythingtherebebethereHowbeautifultheparkWhatanicegirl(sheis)!Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!二、注意：Whata/an如，Whatgoodnewsitis!類似的有：Whatbadweather!Whathardwork!Whatdelicious一、并列句(CompoundSentences)：包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句，and,but,so,or,forIcomefromandhecomesfromHurryup,oryou'llmisstheHelookedforiteverywhere,buthecouldn'tfindShedidn'tknowtheanswertothequestion,sosheaskedtheteacher.He'sinterestedinmusicwhileJohnisinterestedinsports.where,whereverThehuntermadeamarkonthetreetrunkwherehe

1as,(just)as…so…引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常位于主句后，但在Aswateristofish,soairisto2、asif,asHesaidinthatwayasifheweretheboss.他那么說，好象他是似的。because,since,asassince。for。that,sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incaseBettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常由so…thatsuch…thatsosuch連接詞主要有if,unless,as/solongas,onconditionthat等。ifthough,though,althoughbut，thoughyetAlthoughit'sraining,theyarestillworkinginthefield.Iheardthathejoinedthewhat,whether(ifShedidnotknowwhathadShetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyMarywillwriteabookonwhysmokingisharmfultoIthinkitimportantthatweshouldlearnEnglishItItthat從句則放在句尾