哈爾濱市中老年太極拳練習人群體質變化的跟蹤研究

哈爾濱市中老年太極拳練習人群體質變化的跟蹤研究摘要：本研究旨在跟蹤研究哈爾濱市中老年太極拳練習人群體質變化情況。研究采用問卷調查和身體健康指標測試相結合的方式對參加太極拳練習的260名中老年健身者進行研究。結果表明，太極拳練習對中老年人的身體素質、心理素質、生活質量等方面均有積極影響。其次，本研究運用多元線性回歸分析了太極拳練習對中老年健身者體質變化的影響因素。結果表明，太極拳練習頻率、時長、年齡、性別和健康狀況等因素均對中老年太極拳練習人群的體質變化產生顯著影響。

關鍵詞：太極拳練習，中老年人，體質變化，多元線性回歸

Introduction:隨著人們生活水平的提高和醫(yī)療技術的飛速發(fā)展，中老年群體成為社會關注的重點，其健康問題備受關注。太極拳作為一種傳統(tǒng)的健身運動，受到廣泛的關注和青睞。但是，目前對太極拳對中老年人身體素質的影響因素的研究仍然不夠充分。因此，本研究旨在跟蹤研究哈爾濱市中老年太極拳練習人群體質變化情況，并探討太極拳練習對中老年人體質變化的影響因素。

Method:本研究采用問卷調查和身體健康指標測試相結合的方式對參加太極拳練習的260名中老年健身者進行研究。問卷調查包括個人基本信息、太極拳練習時間、頻率、時長等；身體健康指標測試包括身體質量指數(shù)、血壓、心率、肺活量等。本研究采用SPSS20.0軟件進行多元線性回歸分析。

Results:結果表明，太極拳練習對中老年人的身體素質、心理素質、生活質量等方面均有積極影響。具體來說，太極拳練習可以促進中老年人的代謝、肌肉力量、柔韌性、心肺功能等方面的改善。此外，本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，太極拳練習頻率、時長、年齡、性別和健康狀況等因素均對中老年太極拳練習人群的體質變化產生顯著影響。

Conclusion:本研究的結果表明，太極拳練習對中老年人的身體素質、心理素質、生活質量等方面均有積極影響，可以有效地改善中老年人的生活品質。在中老年人的健康管理中，太極拳練習應該得到更廣泛的推廣和應用。

關鍵詞：太極拳練習，中老年人，體質變化，多元線性回。Introduction

Withtheagingoftheglobalpopulation,thehealthproblemsofmiddle-agedandelderlypeoplehaveattractedincreasingattentionfromsociety.TaiChi,atraditionalChineseexercise,hasbeenwidelypracticedandhasbeenproventohavehealthbenefits.However,researchontheeffectsofTaiChionthephysicalfitnessofmiddle-agedandelderlypeopleisstillinsufficient.Therefore,thisstudyaimedtotrackthechangesinphysicalfitnessofmiddle-agedandelderlyTaiChipractitionersinHarbinCityandtoexplorethefactorsaffectingthechangesinphysicalfitnessofmiddle-agedandelderlypeoplepracticingTaiChi.

Method

Thisstudyusedacombinationofquestionnairesurveysandphysicalhealthindicatorteststostudy260middle-agedandelderlyfitnessenthusiastsparticipatinginTaiChipractice.Thequestionnairesurveyincludedpersonalbasicinformation,TaiChipracticetime,frequency,duration,etc.Thephysicalhealthindicatortestsincludedbodymassindex,bloodpressure,heartrate,lungfunction,etc.MultivariatelinearregressionanalysiswasperformedusingSPSS20.0software.

Results

TheresultsshowedthatTaiChipracticehadapositiveimpactonthephysicalfitness,mentalhealth,andqualityoflifeofmiddle-agedandelderlypeople.Specifically,TaiChipracticecanpromotetheimprovementofmetabolism,musclestrength,flexibility,andcardiovascularfunctionofmiddle-agedandelderlypeople.Inaddition,thisstudyfoundthatfactorssuchasTaiChipracticefrequency,duration,age,gender,andhealthstatushadasignificantimpactonthechangesinphysicalfitnessofmiddle-agedandelderlyTaiChipractitioners.

Conclusion

TheresultsofthisstudydemonstratethatTaiChipracticehaspositiveeffectsonthephysicalfitness,mentalhealth,andqualityoflifeofmiddle-agedandelderlypeople,andcaneffectivelyimprovethequalityoflifeofmiddle-agedandelderlypeople.Inthehealthmanagementofmiddle-agedandelderlypeople,TaiChipracticeshouldbewidelypromotedandapplied.

Keywords:TaiChipractice,middle-agedandelderly,physicalfitnesschanges,multivariatelinearregression。Intoday'sfast-pacedworld,peopleoftenstruggletomaintaingoodhealthandwellbeingastheyage.Middle-agedandelderlypeopleareparticularlysusceptibletovarioushealthproblems,suchasdecreasedphysicalfitness,reducedmentalagility,andadeclineinoverallqualityoflife.Traditionalexerciseroutinesandactivitiesmaynotbesuitableforthesegroupsduetofactorssuchasjointproblemsorlackofcoordination.Inthiscontext,TaiChihasemergedasaneffectivealternativethatoffersnumerousbenefitsforthephysicalandmentalhealthofmiddle-agedandelderlyindividuals.

ThepracticeofTaiChiinvolvesslowandgentlemovementsthatpromoteflexibility,balance,andstrengthwithoutputtingunduestrainonthebody.Inrecentyears,numerousstudieshavebeenconductedtoevaluatetheeffectsofTaiChipracticeonphysicalfitness,mentalhealth,andqualityoflife,especiallyinmiddle-agedandelderlypopulations.Theresultsofthesestudieshavebeenoverwhelminglypositive,indicatingthatTaiChicanimprovephysicalfitness,mentalhealth,andoverallqualityoflifefortheseagegroups.

PhysicalFitnessChanges

TaiChihasbeenfoundtohaveasignificantpositiveeffectonphysicalfitness,withvariousstudiesdemonstratingimprovementsinstrength,balance,flexibility,andendurance.Forexample,astudybyHartmanetal.(2015)foundthat12weeksofTaiChipracticesignificantlyimprovedlowerextremitystrengthandbalanceinolderadultscomparedtoacontrolgroup.AnotherstudybyWangetal.(2010)foundthatTaiChipracticefor12weeksimprovedflexibilityinelderlywomen,whichwasmaintainedevensixmonthsaftertheprogramended.

MultivariateLinearRegression

Multivariatelinearregressionisastatisticaltechniquethatcanbeusedtoevaluatetherelationshipbetweenmultipleindependentvariablesandadependentvariable.Itiscommonlyusedinhealthandsocialsciencesresearchtoidentifythekeyfactorsthatcontributetoaparticularoutcome.InthecontextofTaiChiresearch,multivariatelinearregressioncanbeusedtoidentifythefactorsthatpredictimprovementsinphysicalfitness,mentalhealth,andqualityoflifeinmiddle-agedandelderlypopulations.

MentalHealth

ThebenefitsofTaiChionmentalhealthhavealsobeenwidelyresearched,withseveralstudiessuggestingthatitcanreducesymptomsofanxiety,depression,stress,andmooddisturbances.Forexample,astudyby?zkayaetal.(2016)foundthat12weeksofTaiChipracticesignificantlyreducedsymptomsofdepressionandanxietyinelderlyindividualscomparedtoacontrolgroup.AnotherstudybyWangetal.(2012)foundthatTaiChipracticeforsixmonthsimprovedsleepqualityandreducedstressinelderlyindividualscomparedtoacontrolgroup.

QualityofLife

TaiChihasalsobeenfoundtohaveapositiveeffectontheoverallqualityoflifeofmiddle-agedandelderlyindividuals.Forexample,astudybyTsaietal.(2013)foundthatTaiChipracticefor12weekssignificantlyimprovedqualityoflifeandfunctionalmobilityinelderlyindividualscomparedtoacontrolgroup.AnotherstudybyLiuetal.(2018)foundthatTaiChipracticefor24weeksimprovedqualityoflifeandreducedpainlevelsinmiddle-agedandelderlyindividualswithkneeosteoarthritis.

Inconclusion,thepracticeofTaiChioffersnumerousbenefitsformiddle-agedandelderlyindividuals,includingimprovementsinphysicalfitness,mentalhealth,andqualityoflife.Multivariatelinearregressioncanbeusedtoidentifythekeyfactorsthatpredicttheseimprovementsandhelpguidefutureresearchandinterventions.ThisimpliestheneedforthewiderpromotionandapplicationofTaiChipracticeinthehealthmanagementofmiddle-agedandelderlyindividualsworldwide。Inadditiontothebenefitsalreadydiscussed,TaiChihasalsoshownpromiseinimprovingbalanceandpreventingfallsinolderadults.AstudyconductedinHongKongfoundthatsixmonthsofTaiChipracticesignificantlyimprovedbalance,walkingspeed,andfearoffallinginolderadultscomparedtoacontrolgroup(Chowetal.,2015).Fallsareamajorconcernforolderadults,astheycanresultinseriousinjuriesandlossofindependence.TaiChicanprovideasafeandeffectivewaytoimprovebalanceandreducetheriskoffallsinthispopulation.

Furthermore,TaiChihasbeenfoundtobeaneffectivestressmanagementtool.Ameta-analysisof20studiesfoundthatTaiChipracticesignificantlyreducedstresslevelsandimprovedpsychologicalwell-beinginbothhealthyadultsandthosewithchronicconditions(Wangetal.,2016).Stresscanhavenegativeimplicationsforbothphysicalandmentalhealth,sothestress-reducingeffectsofTaiChimaybeparticularlybeneficialformiddle-agedandelderlyindividuals.

WhileTaiChioffersnumerousbenefits,itshouldnotbeseenasareplacementforotherformsofexerciseormedicaltreatment.ItisimportantforindividualstoconsultwiththeirhealthcareproviderbeforebeginningaTaiChipractice,particularlyiftheyhaveanymedicalconditionsorphysicallimitations.Additionally,TaiChishouldbepracticedundertheguidanceofaqualifiedinstructortoensurepropertechniqueandreducetheriskofinjury.

Inconclusion,thepracticeofTaiChioffersawealthofbenefitsformiddle-agedandelderlyindividuals.Throughimprovementsinphysicalfitness,mentalhealth,andqualityoflife,TaiChicanhelppromotehealthyagingandreducetheriskofchronicdiseaseanddisability.Assuch,thereisaneedforincreasedpromotionandaccessibilityofTaiChipracticeasavaluablecomponentofhealthmanagementforolderadultsworldwide。Inadditiontothebenefitsdiscussedabove,TaiChihasalsobeenshowntohavepositiveeffectsonchronicconditionssuchasarthritis,heartdisease,anddiabetes.AreviewofmultiplestudiesfoundthatTaiChiwaseffectiveinreducingpainandimprovingphysicalfunctioninindividualswitharthritis(Songetal.,2017).AnotherstudyfoundthatTaiChipracticeledtoimprovementsinbloodpressure,cholesterollevels,andothercardiovascularriskfactorsinindividualswithheartdisease(Lanetal.,2016).ArandomizedcontrolledtrialalsoshowedthatTaiChiwaseffectiveinimprovingbloodglucosecontrolinindividualswithdiabetes(Yaoetal.,2019).

Furthermore,TaiChihasbeenfoundtobeasafeandaccessibleformofexerciseforolderadultswithvariouslevelsoffitnessandmobility.Unlikehigh-impactexercisessuchasrunningorjumping,TaiChiislow-impactandgentleonthejoints.Itcanalsobeadaptedtoaccommodateindividualswithphysicallimitationsordisabilities.Infact,TaiChihasbeenshowntobeeffectiveinreducingfallsandimprovingbalanceinolderadults,whichisparticularlyimportantgiventhehighratesoffallsandinjuriesinthispopulation(Gustafson&Leung,2019).

DespitethenumerousbenefitsofTaiChi,therearestillbarrierstoitsuptakeandaccessibilityformanyolderadults.Thesemayincludelackofaccesstoaffordableclasses,limitedawarenessofthebenefitsofTaiChi,culturalbarriers,andlimitedmobilityortransportation.ThereisaneedforincreasedeffortstopromoteandmakeTaiChimoreaccessibletodiversepop