語言學(xué)補(bǔ)充習(xí)題

.z.

-

LanguageandLinguistics

1.TheimportantdistinctioninlinguisticsproposedbyChomskyis_____.

A.Synchronicanddiachronic

B.Langueandparole

C.Signifierandsignified

D.petenceandperformance

2.AccordingtoSaussure,_______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyall

themembersofaspeechmunity.

A.parole

B.performance

C.langue

D.language

3.Theterm_________linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtothe

approachwhichstudieslanguagechangeoverthevariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.

A.synchronic

B.diachronic

C.parative

D.historicalparative

4.Languageis____inthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenaword

andtheobjectitrefersto.

A.systematic

-

B

.

C

.

D

.

symbolic

arbitrary

ambiguous

5.Whatfunctionaremostimperativesentencesassociatedwith"

A.Informative

B.Interrogative

C.Phatic

D.Directive

6.Thefunctionofthesentence"Waterboilsat100degreecentigrade.〞is_________

A.interrogative

B.directive

C.informative

D.performative

6.Everydaywesendmessagesthathaveneverbeensentandunderstandnovel

messages;inthissense,ourlanguageis____.

A.productive

B.interchangeable

C.geneticallytransmitted

D.rule-governed

7.Languagecanrefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthe

speaker.Thisiswhatwemeanby_____.

A.culturaltransmission

-

B

.

C

.

D

.

displacement

duality

productivity

8.Bydualitywemeanthatlanguagehastwosetsofstructures,oneof_______and

theotherof______.

A.surfacestructure,deepstructure

B.phonemes,morphemes

C.sounds,meanings

D.production,reception

9.AccordingtoChomsky,________istheidealuser’sinternalizedknowledgeofhis

language.

A.petence

B.parole

C.performance

D.langue

10.Generallinguisticsisthescientificstudyof_________.

A.languageofacertainindividual

B.theGermanlanguage

C.humanlanguagesingeneral

D.thesystemofaparticularlanguage

PhoneticsandPhonology

11.Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherareusedtoconveymeaningin

.z.

A

.

B

.

C

.

D

.

12.

A

.

B

.

C

.

D

.

13.

14.

15.

-

municationis_________.

morphology

generallinguistics

phonology

phonetics

A(n)______isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit,acollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.

phone

sound

allophone

phoneme

/m,n/are________.

A.fricatives

B.dentals

C.glides

D.nasals

/w,j/belongto_____.

A.fricatives

B.dentals

C.glides

D.nasals

Whichofthefollowingvowelistheroundedone"

.z.

-

A./i:/

B./u:/

C./i/

D./a:/

16.Thevowel/u:/in/fu:d/(food)isa_________vowel.

A.back

B.front

C.unrounded

D.central

MORPHOLOGY

17._______isthesmallestunitoflanguageintermsofrelationshipbetweenexpression

andcontent.

A.Word

B.Morpheme

C.Allomorph

D.Root

18._______arethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobebinedwith

othermorphemestoformaword.

A.Freemorphemes

B.Boundmorphemes

C.Boundwords

D.Words

.z.

-

19._______modifythemeaningofthestem,butusuallydonotchangethepartof

speechoftheoriginalword

A.Prefixes

B.Suffixes

C.Roots

D.Affixes

20."-s〞inthewordbooksis____.

A.aderivativeaffix

B.astem

C.aninflectionalaffix

D.aroot

Note:root〔詞根〕/affix〔詞綴〕,都屬于boundmorpheme(粘著詞素)

1.root(詞根):apartofaword;itcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsaclear,definitemeaning;itmustbebinedwithanotherrootoranaffixtoformaword.(一個(gè)不能再分，再分就會(huì)失去其本義的根本形式)

詞根詞素可以分為自由詞根詞素〔freerootmorpheme,e.g.rain>rainy>raincoat粘著詞根詞素(boundrootmorpheme)

e.g.geo(theearth)+ology(abranchoflearning)>geology,psychology,physiologytele(distant,far)+vision>television,telegraph

transmit,permit,submit‘

maintain,contain,detain

2.Affix詞綴

.z.

-

1)inflectional〔曲折〕:語法關(guān)系的標(biāo)志grammaticalrelations

(number,tense,degree,case)-s,-er,不改變?cè)~性

2)derivational(派生):在詞干上加上一個(gè)詞綴得到一個(gè)新詞，與詞性和意義有關(guān)

3.stem詞干

Theexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeadded.

Itreferstotheleftmorphemeorbinationofmorphemeswhenoneaffixisremovedforonetime.

e.g.carelessness

21.Whichofthefollowingwordsisaderivationalone"

A.Blackboard

B.Teaches

C.Consideration

D.Books

22.Whichofthefollowingwordsiscreatedthroughtheprocessofacronym"

A.ad

B.edit

C.AIDS

D.Bobo

23.Theword"lab〞isformedthrough____.

A

.

B

.

C

.

backformation

blending

clipping

-

D.derivation

24.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapoundword"

A.Landlady

C.Uplift

B.Greenhouse

D.Unacceptable

20.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas________.

A.lexicalwords

B.grammaticalwords

C.functionwords

D.formwords

21.OpenclassofwordscanconsistofthefollowingcategoriesEXCEPT_________

A.nouns

B.verbs

C.adjectives

D.articles

22.Whichoneofthefollowingmostpossiblybelongstotheclosedclass"

A.Flower

B.Treacherous.

C.We

D.Whack

23.InflectionalmorphemesmanifestthefollowingmeaningsEXCEPT_________

A.tone

B.tense

-

C.number

D.case

24.Whichofthefollowingcontainsatleastaninflectionalmorpheme"

A.Possibility

B.Decision

C.Hers

D.Enable

25.________areboundmorphemesbecausetheycannotbeusedasseparatewords.

A.Roots

B.Stems

C.Affixes

D.pounds

26.Theword"irresistible〞is______________

A.apoundone

B.aclippedone

C.ablendedone

D.aderivedone

27.Whichofthefollowingaffixdiffersfromothers"

A.–ly

B.–ness

C.–ing

D.–ful

-

28.Theword"Kung-fu〞is_____.

A.aclippedone

B.ablendedone

C.apoundone

D.aborrowedone

Semantics

25.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled______word.

A.apolysemous

B.asynonymous

C.anabnormal

D.amultiple

26.Thepairofwords"lend〞and"borrow〞are___.

A.gradableopposites

B.relationalopposites

C.co-hyponyms

D.synonyms

27.Therelationshipbetween‘fruit’and‘a(chǎn)pple’is_______.

A

.

B

.

C

.

D

.

homonymy

hyponymy

polysemy

synonymy

28."Alive〞and"dead〞are______antonyms.

.z.

-

A

.

B

.

C

.

D

.

relational

gradable

symmetric

plementary

29."Big〞and"small〞areapairof_____opposites.

A

.

B

.

C

.

D

.

plementary

gradable

plete

converse

6.Theword"luggage〞and"baggage〞are_________

A.emotivesynonyms

B.dialectalsynonyms

C.collocationalsynonyms

D.stylistic

7.Therelationbetween"begin〞and"mence〞is_________

A.dialectalsynonyms

B.stylisticsynonyms

C.collocationalsynonyms

D.semanticallydifferentsynonyms

8."Fall〞and"autumn〞are_________synonyms

A.dialectal

B.stylistic

.z.

-

C.collocational

D.emotive

9._________isNOTapairofhomophones.

A.rainandreign

B.fleaandflee

C.lead[li:d]andlead[led]

D.plimentandplement

10.Inthesemantictriangle,"referent〞r(shí)efersto_______

A.concept

B.therealworld

C.thethought

D.meaning

11."Wise〞and"cunning〞areapairof_________synonyms.

A.dialectal

B.stylistic

C.collocational

D.emotive

12."Wide〞and"broad〞areapairof__________synonyms

A.dialectal

B.stylistic

C.collocational

D.emotive

.z.

-

13.Whichofthefollowingscanbethesameformsharedbytwohomonyms"

A.Ball

B.Can

C.Bark

D.North

14."See〞and"sea〞are___________

A.homophones

B.homographs

C.pletehomonyms

D.polysenmicwords

15.Whatisthesenserelationbetween"learn〞and"teach〞"

A.Relationalantonyms

B.plementaryantonyms

C.Gradableanonyms

D.Absoluteantonyms

16.Whatisthesenserelationbetween"pass〞and"fail〞"

A.Relationalantonyms

B.plementaryantonyms

C.Gradableanonyms

D.Absoluteantonyms

17.:X:Theyaregoingtohaveanotherbaby.

Y:Theyhaveachild.

.z.

.z.

-

TherelationshipofXandYis________

A.synonymous

B.inconsistent

C.XentailingY

D:XpresupposingY

18."Tommy’shenlaidaneggyesterday.〞presupposes__________

A.Tommyhadahen

B.Tommyhadabighen

C.AneggwaslaidbyTommy’shen

D.Theeggisnotastone.

19."HehasbeentoTokyo〞entails"_________〞.

A.HehasbeentoJapan

B.TokyoisthecapitalofJapan.

C.HehasneverbeentoJapan.

D.HeisnotaJapanese.

Pragmatics

1.AccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistomitthespeakerto

somefuturecourseofactionarecalled_____.

A.missives

B.directives

C.expressives

D.declaratives

.z.

2.

A

.

B

.

C

.

D

.

3.

A

.

B

.

C

.

D

.

4.

A

.

B

.

C

.

D

.

5.

A

.

B

.

C

.

D

.

-

_______isdefinedasthestudyoflanguageinuseandlinguisticmunication.

Pragmatics

Sociolinguistics

Neurolinguistics

Contextuallinguistics

"Wecandothingswithwords〞---thisisthemainideaof______.

theSpeechActTheory

theCo-operativePrinciple

thePolitePrinciples

pragmatics

_________refertotheutteranceofasentencewithdeterminatesenseandreference.

Locutionaryact

Illocutionaryact

Perlocutionaryact

Speechact

Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudiesmeaningoflanguageincontextiscalled

_______.

semantics

sociolinguistics

pragmatics

psycholinguistics

-

6.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthespecificinstanceofdirectives"

A.Inviting

B.Advising

C.Warning

D.Swearing

7._________actsexpressestheintentionofthespeaker.

A.Locutionary

B.Illocutionary

C.Perlocutionary

D.Speech

8."Ididn’tstealthatring〞isa_________.

A.directive

B.expressive

C.missive

D.representatives

9."I’msosadaboutyourwrongdoings〞isa__________

A.declaration

B.expressives

C.representatives

D.missives

10."Handsup!〞isa________.

A.directive

.z.

.z.

-

B.representative

C.missive

D.declaration

11."I’llbewithyou!〞isa_________.

A.directive

B.missive

C.expressive

D.representative

Sociolinguistics

1.Inareaswhicharepopulatedbypeoplespeakin