中考沖刺-閱讀滿分攻略：任務(wù)型閱讀

初中英語(yǔ)中考沖刺—閱讀滿分攻略：任務(wù)型閱讀編稿老師王平軍一校林卉二校黃楠審核張芬【閱讀攻略】一、題型特點(diǎn)1.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容完成句子。2.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)要回答問(wèn)題。3.將短文中劃線的句子譯成漢語(yǔ)。4.給短文擬一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)念}目。二、解題策略1.閱讀題目，明確任務(wù)一般情況下，任務(wù)型閱讀在材料后設(shè)置5個(gè)任務(wù)，做題時(shí)我們應(yīng)先閱讀所給的任務(wù)，明確任務(wù)是什么，再帶著任務(wù)去閱讀材料，這樣就能做到心中有數(shù)，有針對(duì)性地去讀，并能提高閱讀效率。2.閱讀短文，領(lǐng)會(huì)主旨明確任務(wù)后，應(yīng)迅速閱讀全文以了解文章的主要內(nèi)容，以及文章的感情基調(diào)、作者的意圖、態(tài)度傾向。對(duì)于“給文章擬一個(gè)標(biāo)題”這類(lèi)題目，可以通過(guò)尋找主題句和高頻詞來(lái)完成。確定文章標(biāo)題必須遵循以下兩個(gè)原則：①概括性原則，即標(biāo)題應(yīng)在最大程度上覆蓋全文，體現(xiàn)文章的中心大意。②醒目性原則，即標(biāo)題必須力求吸引讀者的注意力。3.閱讀細(xì)節(jié)，認(rèn)真作答（1）尋找細(xì)節(jié)，從原文中找答案在經(jīng)過(guò)第二步泛讀全文之后，就可以采用“跳讀”的方式在原文中尋找細(xì)節(jié)，跳讀的目的就是從細(xì)節(jié)中尋找答案。如閱讀填空或填表題，這種題目要求學(xué)生通過(guò)閱讀材料，獲取相關(guān)信息，以填寫(xiě)詞匯或補(bǔ)全句子的方式完成表格或圖表。還有一些題目是對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的直接設(shè)問(wèn)，答案通?？梢詮脑闹姓业?。（2）精讀細(xì)節(jié)，理解深層含義任務(wù)型閱讀不僅考查學(xué)生直接獲取信息的能力，還考查學(xué)生通過(guò)已知信息進(jìn)行推理，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意的能力。做這類(lèi)題時(shí)，要把握文章的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，立足原文，推斷未知。解題時(shí)不能主觀臆造，憑空想象，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。4.通讀全文，仔細(xì)檢查在完成所有任務(wù)后，還應(yīng)結(jié)合題目再把全文通讀一遍，認(rèn)真核實(shí)答案，平時(shí)應(yīng)養(yǎng)成做完題后仔細(xì)檢查的好習(xí)慣。三、作答技巧1.在答題時(shí)，總的原則就是：能簡(jiǎn)略回答的盡量簡(jiǎn)略回答。2.書(shū)寫(xiě)要規(guī)范。句子開(kāi)頭首字母要大寫(xiě)；標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)要規(guī)范，并能正確使用；單詞拼寫(xiě)要正確無(wú)誤；單詞書(shū)寫(xiě)要認(rèn)真。3.作出適當(dāng)調(diào)整。在回答時(shí)，應(yīng)對(duì)照題目，根據(jù)需要對(duì)句子的人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、詞性、主謂搭配等作出適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整?！究碱}鏈接】閱讀下面的短文，并根據(jù)短文后的要求答題。Since1850,thetemperatureofEarth’ssurfacehasincreasedabout0.6℃.Scientistspredictitmaywarmmuchmorebytheendofthiscentury.Who’sturninguptheheat?Well,itseemsthatweare!Someofthisglobalwarmingmaybenatural.However,nearlyallscientistsnowagreethatmostofitisduetopeople’sactions.Overthepast150years,we’veaddedhugeamountsofcertaingases,especiallycarbondioxide（CO2）totheair.ThesegasescankeepheatnearEarth’ssurface,somorecarbondioxidemeansmoreheatiskeptnearEarth’ssurface.Globalwarmingmaychangetheweatherinwaysthatleadtomoreseverestorms,floodsanddroughtsWeaddcarbondioxidetotheairwhenweburnthings,especiallyfossilfuels.Fossilfuelsareenergysourcesformedfromtheremainsofplantsandanimalsthatlivedmillionsofyearsago.Coal,oil,andnaturalgasareallfossilfuels.PeopleintheUnitedStatesandothercountriesstartedbuntinglargeamountsoffossilfuelsmorethanacenturyago.Theamountoffossilfuelsbeingburnedeachyearhasbeenincreasingworldwide.Themoreweburn,_____________________.Whatcanwedotohelp?Nowadaystolivealow-carbonlifeisquitepopularintheworld.Low-carbonmeanstoreducetheamountofcarbondioxide.Savingenergyandreusingarethekeywords.Infact,eventhesimplesteverydayactivitiescanmakeourliveslow-carbon.1.Whatproblemcanglobalwarmingcause?（根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題）2.Whatarefossilfuels?（同上）3.請(qǐng)將第一段中的劃線句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。4.請(qǐng)根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容將最后一個(gè)句子補(bǔ)充完整。Themoreweburn,_____________________________________________.5.請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出日常生活中的一種“低碳”行為（用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一個(gè)句子）。答案：1.Globalwarmingmaychangetheweatherinwaysthatleadtomoreseverestorm,floodsanddroughts.2.Fossilfuelsareenergysourcesformedfromtheremainsofplantsandanimalsthatlivedmillionsofyearsago.／Coal,oil,andnaturalgasareallfossilfuels.3.在過(guò)去的150年間，我們向空氣中排放了大量這類(lèi)氣體，特別是二氧化碳。（答案不唯一，只要表達(dá)正確、通順，與參考答案意思相近即可）4.themorecarbondioxidewillbeaddedtotheair./themorecarbondioxidewillbeproduced.（答案不唯一，只要表達(dá)正確、通順，與參考答案意思相近即可）5.We’dbettergotoschoolbybikeoronfoot.（關(guān)于節(jié)約能源）/Icangivemyoldbookstotheyoungerstudents.（關(guān)于反復(fù)利用）思路分析：1.從第一段的最后一句話：Globalwarmingmaychangetheweatherinwaysthatleadtomoreseverestorms,floodsanddroughts.可知全球變暖會(huì)改變天氣，從而導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的風(fēng)暴，洪水或干旱。2.從第二段的第二句話或第三句話，可知答案是：Fossilfuelsareenergysourcesformedfromtheremainsofplantsandanimalsthatlivedmillionsofyearsago.／Coal,oil,andnaturalgasareallfossilfuels.3.翻譯這句話要注意：Overthepast150years在過(guò)去的150年間，hugeamountsofcertaingases大量這類(lèi)氣體，especially特別是，add...to...給……里面加入……。4.根據(jù)第二段的第一句話：Weaddcarbondioxidetotheairwhenweburnthings可知我們?nèi)紵脑蕉?，向空氣里排放的二氧化碳越多，即：Themoreweburn,themorecarbondioxidewillbeaddedtotheair./themorecarbondioxidewillbeproduced.5.根據(jù)自己的情況答題，合理就可以，答案不唯一。只要在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中注意做題方法的總結(jié)，養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，提高閱讀理解的能力，就一定能把任務(wù)型閱讀的任務(wù)完成好。Newrulesandbehaviourstandards(行為規(guī)范)formiddleschoolstudentscameout(頒布)inMarch.Middleschoolsaregoingtouseanewwaytodecidewhothetopstudentsare.Thebeststudentswon’tonlyhavehighmarks.Thefollowingaresomeofthenewrules.Tellthetruth.Haveyouevercheated(作弊)inanexam?Don’tdoitagain!That’snotsomethinghoneststudentsshoulddo.Domoreatschool.Goodstudentsloveanimalsandcareforotherpeople.AprilisBirdLovingMonthinChina.Isyourschooldoinganythingtocelebrateit?Youshouldjoin!Inthatway,youcanlearnmoreaboutanimalsandhowtoprotectthem.Beopentonewideas.Haveyoueverthoughtpeoplecouldliveonthemoon?Maybeyou’llfindanotherearthinspaceinthefuture.Everyone’snewideasareimportant.Protectyourself.Hasathiefevertakenmoneyfromoneofyourclassmates?Don’tletithappentoyou.Ifyouhavetogobackhomelate,youshouldletyourparentsknow.UsetheInternetcarefully.TheInternetcanbeveryusefulforyourstudy.ButsomethingsontheInternetaren’tforkids,sotrytolookatthegoodwebpages.Youcanusethewebpagesforfunorhomework.1.Whendidthenewrulesandbehaviourstandardsformiddleschoolstudentscomeout?_______________________________________________________________2.Whatshouldthebeststudentsdoinanexam?_______________________________________________________________3.Whatshouldyoudoifyouhavetogobackhomelate?_________________________________________________________________4.Whatcanthechildrenusethegoodwebpagesfor?_________________________________________________________________5.Whatistherightattitude(態(tài)度)tonewideas?_________________________________________________________________答案：1.InMarch.2.Theyshouldnotcheat./Theyshouldbehonest.3.Weshouldletourparentsknow.4.Forfunorhomework.5.Weshouldbeopentonewideas.思路分析：1.細(xì)節(jié)題。從第一段的句子：Newrulesandbehaviourstandards(行為規(guī)范)formiddleschoolstudentscameout(頒布)inMarch.可知答案是InMarch.2.細(xì)節(jié)題。從第二段的句子：Tellthetruth.Haveyouevercheated(作弊)inanexam?Don’tdoitagain!That’snotsomethinghoneststudentsshoulddo.可知好學(xué)生不能作弊，要誠(chéng)實(shí)：Theyshouldnotcheat./Theyshouldbehonest.3.從第五段的句子：Ifyouhavetogobackhomelate,youshouldletyourparentsknow.可知答案是Weshouldletourparentsknow.4.從最后一段的句子：Youcanusethewebpagesforfunorhomework.可知好的網(wǎng)站可以用來(lái)娛樂(lè)和寫(xiě)作業(yè)：forfunorhomework.5.從第四段的句子：Beopentonewideas.可知答案是Weshouldbeopentonewideas.任務(wù)型閱讀題型涉及“寫(xiě)”，應(yīng)特別注意大小寫(xiě)及書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范問(wèn)題，做到每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)都能萬(wàn)無(wú)一失，保證做題的準(zhǔn)確性和得分率。Itiswellknownthatsmokingdoesharmtothehealth.Today,somanypeoplestillkeepsmoking,whichhasdrawnwideattentionofthesociety.Smokinghassomanydisadvantagesbutnoadvantagesatall.First,thecigaretteswithnicotineinthemdogreatharmtothehealth.Suchdiseasesaspneumonia,lungcancermaybecausedorpartlycausedbythem.Furthermore,thebadeffectsofcigarettescostthesmokerslotsofmoney,whichcouldbespentonothermeaningfulthings.Thirdly,theaccidentsoffireallovertheworldeveryyeararemostlycausedbythestill-burningbutts.Thegovernmenthasformulatedtheregulationofnosmokinginpublicplaces.Yetitsresultisnotsosatisfactory.Frommypointofview,itneedsthecommoneffortsofthesociety.Notonlythenonsmokersbutthesmokersshouldcooperateonthismatter.【點(diǎn)睛詞匯】1.cigaretten.紙煙，香煙2.cooperatevi.合作，配合【經(jīng)典句子】1.Itiswellknownthatsmokingdoesharmtothehealth.眾所周知，吸煙有害健康。2.Smokinghassomanydisadvantagesbutnoadvantagesatall.吸煙有這么多缺點(diǎn),根本就沒(méi)有好處。（答題時(shí)間：15分鐘）一、閱讀理解WildwoodSchoolLibraryGuideThiswillofferyousomeinformationaboutourschoollibrary.Youcanusethisguidetohelpyourkidsuseourlibrary.Servicehours:3:00pm—5:30pmonschooldays;8:30am—11:00amonweekendsOnschooldays,yourkidsmayborroworreturnbooksduringopeninghoursonlywhenhisclassroomteacherallowshimto.Attheweekend,ourlibraryisopentobothyouandyourkids.BorrowingEachstudentcanborrowoneortwobooksatatime:Morebookscanbeborrowedonlyforclassreadingactivitiesandschoolresearch.Returning:Booksborrowedfromthelibrarycanbekeptfor15schooldays.Thebooksmustbereturnedbeforethedue(到期的)dateorthekidcannotborrowotherbooks.Damaged(受損的)orLostBooksWhenabookisreturnedinadamagedcondition,thekidwillhavetopaythreedollarsforthedamage.Fullpricemustbepaidifabookislost.Weencouragestudentstocarrytheirlibrarybooksinplasticbagstoprotectthemfromrainyweather.Pleasecallusat3362—1323formoreinformation.1.Studentscanborrowmorethantwobooksatatime__________.A.forsendingexamsB.todoschoolresearchC.forafter-schoolactivitiesD.toreadtogetherwiththeirparents2._______mustbepaidwhenastudentlosesthebookheborrows.A.Threedollars B.HalfthepriceofthebookC.Fullpriceofthebook D.Twicethepriceofthebook3.Thestudentsareadvisedto_________topreventrain.A.carrytheirlibrarybooksinplasticbagsB.covertheirlibrarybookswithraincoatsC.puttheirlibrarybooksintotheirpocketsD.keeptheirlibrarybooksintheirclassroom4.Thislibraryguideisfor_______.A.teachersfromWildwoodB.workersinWildwoodSchoolLibraryC.visitorstoWildwoodSchoolD.parentsoftheWildwoodSchoolstudents5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Thelibraryisopenfortwoandahalfhourseveryday.B.Studentsparentscangototheschoollibraryonweekends.C.Studentscangotothelibraryduringopeninghoursastheylike.D.Studentscankeepthebooksthattheyborrowforfifteenschooldays.二、完形填空Alittleboyknockedonthedooroftheoldhouse.Hewaited,andsweated(出汗)from1ofseeingtheowner,whohardlyevercameout.Ashewasreadyto2,thedoorslowlyopened.“Whatdoyouwant?”theoldmanasked.“Uh,sir,I’m3magazinesforschoolandIamwonderingifyouwouldliketobuyone.”Theoldmanonlylookedattheboy.4,theboysawmanydogfigurines(小雕像)insidethehouse.“Doyou5dogs?”heasked.“Yes,Ihavemanydogfigurinesinmyhouse;theyareallIhave.”Theboythenfeltsorryfortheman,asitseemedhewasvery6.“Well,Idohaveamagazinehereforcollectors.Itissuitableforyou.Ialsohaveoneaboutdogssinceyou…”Theoldmanstartedtoclosethedoor,saying7“No,boy.Idon’tneedanymagazinesofanykind.Nowgoodbye.”Theboywassadfortheoldmanbeingsolonely.Hewenthomeandthenhadan8.Hehadalittledogfigurinewhichdidn’t9muchtohimsincehehadareallivedogandalargefamily.Theboyheadedback.Heknockedonthedooragainandthistimetheoldmancamerighttothedoor.“Boy,IthoughtItoldyouno10.”“I’msorry,sir,11Iwanttobringyouagift.”Theboyhandedhimthefigurineandtheoldman’sfacelitup(大放光彩).“Boy,youhaveabigheart.12areyoudoingthis?”“Ithinkitmeansmoretoyou.”Fromthatdayon,theoldmanstartedcomingoutandtalkingwithneighbors.1.A.excitement B.fear C.sadness D.happiness2.A.knockon B.breakinto C.cutoff D.walkaway3.A.selling B.collecting C.raising D.designing4.A.Atatime B.Atthesametime C.Atanytime D.Atalltimes5.A.keep B.hate C.kill D.collect6.A.lonely B.delightful C.busy D.bored7.A.easily B.coldly C.comfortably D.nervously8.A.thought B.opinion C.idea D.mind9.A.worth B.mean C.talk D.use10.A.noises B.trouble C.dogs D.magazines11.A.so B.and