粒子物理規(guī)劃及未來的中微子實(shí)驗(yàn)

粒子物理規(guī)劃及

未來的中微子實(shí)驗(yàn)王貽芳南昌，2010高能物理年會(huì)編輯課件Particlephysics:problemsandmethodsStandardModel:HiggsHighenergyacceleratorsBeyondStandardModel?SUSY,Extra-dimensions.Compositeness,…Neutrinoproperties:mass,oscillation,magneticmoment?Majorana?Cosmologyrelatedproblems:antimatter(CP)?Darkmatter?Relic-neutrinos,Monopoles?Axions?…DetailsofSM(EW&QCD):precisiontest,Confinement,Glueballs?spectroscopyofparticles…HighintensityacceleratorsUndergroundexperimentsSurfaceexperimentsSpaceexperiments編輯課件HighenergyacceleratorsHighintensityacceleratorsUndergroundexperimentsSurfaceexperimentsSpaceexperimentsTevetran:D0CDFLHCATLASCMSILCFlavorphys.:BELLE(II)-bDAFNE–sLHCbPANDA…

Highden.phys:ALICEJ-PARC…nosc..:T2KMinosProject-Xnosc.:SuperKKamLAND…bbdecay:

EXOCuoreGerda…Darkmatter:

XmassXenonCOUPP…AstronomyMonopoleProtondecay…Cosmic-raysHESSMAGICAUGERCTAmass

Katrinnmag.Mom.

TEXONOGrav.WaveRelicnAxions,…Anti-matter/darkmatter:PAMELAFERMIAMS…ATICAsrtophysics:IntegralHubbleWMAPPlanck…Participate:ATLAS,CMSFlavorphys.:BESIII-cnosc.:DayaBayCosmic-raysYang-Ba-JinAsrtophysics:HXMTExperimentsintheworldandathome編輯課件高能物理未來發(fā)展的基本思路Highenergyaccelerators積極參加國際合作Highintensityaccelerators充分利用BESIII，取得國際一流的成果尋機(jī)建造下一代加速器Undergroundexperiments充分利用大亞灣，取得國際一流的成果準(zhǔn)備建造下一代中微子實(shí)驗(yàn)尋機(jī)建造新的實(shí)驗(yàn)：暗物質(zhì)、bbdecay、質(zhì)子衰變、。。。Surfaceexperiments充分利用ASg&ARGO，取得國際一流的成果積極準(zhǔn)備建設(shè)LHAASOSpace

experiments盡快完成HXMT，取得國際一流的成果尋機(jī)建造新的實(shí)驗(yàn)：宇宙線、天體物理、暗物質(zhì)、。。。編輯課件時(shí)間安排十二五前期建設(shè)的豐收期取得重大國際影響的成果基礎(chǔ)能力建設(shè)達(dá)到國際先進(jìn)水平未來項(xiàng)目的準(zhǔn)備與預(yù)研具有國際競爭力十三五：重要的建設(shè)項(xiàng)目下一代中微子實(shí)驗(yàn)：大亞灣二期地下實(shí)驗(yàn)：暗物質(zhì)、bbdecay、質(zhì)子衰變、。。?？臻g實(shí)驗(yàn)：宇宙線、天體物理、暗物質(zhì)、。。。十四五：重大建設(shè)項(xiàng)目下一代加速器每個(gè)新項(xiàng)目必須回答以下問題：1）為什么（與其它可能的項(xiàng)目比較：科學(xué)目標(biāo)、經(jīng)費(fèi)。。。）2）怎么做（概念設(shè)計(jì)、國際競爭力、科學(xué)意義、經(jīng)費(fèi)、技術(shù)、進(jìn)度、風(fēng)

險(xiǎn)。。。）3）R&D（問題、技術(shù)、方案、計(jì)劃。。。）5編輯課件Neutrinooscillations:

Whatweknowandwhatwedon’tknowAmixingmatrix:AtmosphericSolar

Majoranaphase

CPphase&q13Unknownsinneutrinooscillation:

q13,masshierarchy,CPphased

+Majoranaphase編輯課件下一代中微子實(shí)驗(yàn)：大亞灣二期中微子振蕩：中微子研究的中心中微子振蕩三個(gè)未解決的問題：尋找第三種振蕩，用q13表示大亞灣中微子實(shí)驗(yàn)質(zhì)量順序問題大亞灣中微子實(shí)驗(yàn)二期CP對(duì)稱破缺角未來的加速器實(shí)驗(yàn)

n1n2n3q12太陽中微子振蕩q23大氣中微子振蕩q13?mi?為什么反應(yīng)堆中微子：1）加速器中微子實(shí)驗(yàn)：造價(jià)昂貴（探測(cè)器+加速器）2）雙β實(shí)驗(yàn)：造價(jià)昂貴，技術(shù)困難，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)巨大3）中微子絕對(duì)質(zhì)量測(cè)量：造價(jià)昂貴，技術(shù)困難4）反應(yīng)堆中微子實(shí)驗(yàn)：意義重大、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)小、條件優(yōu)越、造價(jià)低、技術(shù)可行測(cè)量磁矩：可能的未來，科學(xué)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大精確測(cè)量混合參數(shù)：大亞灣、大亞灣二期編輯課件Bestneutrinosource:reactorApowerfulman-madesourceIfnottoofar,morepowerfulthansolar,atmospheric,andacceleratorneutrinosAwellunderstoodsource（~2%

~0.1%）Betterthansolar(~5-10%),atmospheric(~10%),andaccelerator(~5-10%2-3%??)neutrinosAdjustablebaselineOfcourse,acceleratorcandoitalsoAfreeneutrinofactory編輯課件NeutrinoMasshierarchyMassHierarchy:FundamentaltotheStandardModelFundamentaltomodelsbeyondSMMostGUTspredictanormalmasshierarchyadiscriminatorofdifferentGUTsand/orneutrinomassmodelsFundamentaltomanyissues:Matter-antimatterasymmetryvialeptogenesisinspecificseesawmodels:hierarchyrelatedSupernovaneutrinos:collectiveflavortransitionsduetoinvertedmasshierarchyRadiativecorrectionstomnandqijaremoresensitivetotheinvertedhierarchyButevenmoreimportant…編輯課件DiracorMajorana?Neutrinooscillation:beyondSMinawayofDiracorMajoranamode?

bbexp.maynevergivepositiveresultsIfmasshierarchyisknown,togetherwithnextgenerationbbexp.,theneutrinoDiracorMajorananaturecanbedetermined.nextgen.bbexp.編輯課件MeasuringmasshierarchyLongbaselineacceleratorneutrinosThroughMattereffectsExpensive,project-X/LBNEinFermilab/BNLAtmosphericneutrinosVeryweaksignalHugedetector,ExpensiveReactorneutrinosMethod:distortionofenergyspectrumEnhancesignature:TransformreactorneutrinoL/EspectrumtofrequencyregimeusingFourierformalismneedSin2(2q13)>0.02NeedtoknowDM223S.T.Petcovetal.,PLB533(2002)94S.Choubeyetal.,PRD68(2003)113006J.Learned,PRD78(2008)071302編輯課件12FouriertransformationofL/EspectrumFrequencyregimeisinfacttheDM2regimeenhancethevisiblefeaturesinDM2regimeTakeDM2

32asreferenceNH:DM2

31>DM2

32,DM2

31peakattherightofDM2

32

IH:DM2

31<DM2

32,DM2

31peakattheleftofDM2

32

L/Espectrum編輯課件OureffortsCleardistinctivefeatures:FCT:NH:peakbeforevalleyIH:valleybeforepeakFST:NH:prominentpeakIH:prominentvalleyBetterthanpowerspectrumNopre-conditionofDm22313L.Zhanetal.,PRD78:111103,2008編輯課件QuantifyFeaturesofFCTandFSTToquantifythesymmetrybreaking,wedefine:RV/LV:amplitudeoftheright/leftvalleyinFCTP/V:amplitudeofthepeak/valleyinFSTForasymmetricPeeNH:RL>0andPV>0IH:RL<0andPV<02008-07-1714L.Zhanetal.,PRD78:111103,2008Baseline:46-72kmSin2(2q13):0.005-0.05OthersfromglobalfitTwoclustersofRLandPVvaluesshowthesensitivityofmasshierarchydetermination編輯課件InrealityL.Zhan,et.al.,Phys.Rev.D79:073007,2009Unfortunately,DM221/DM223~3%編輯課件RequirementTo

determinemasshierarchyat>90%CL:Baseline:~58km,determinedbyq12Reactorpower>24GWthFluxanddetectorsize:~(250-700)ktyearIdeally,sin22q13>0.02&energyresolution<2%IFsin22q13=0.01,energyresolution<2%&700ktyearForsin22q13=0.02,energyresolution<3%&700ktyearOverburden>1000MWE~60kmfromDayaBayAhugenedetectorwithmass>20ktcurrentlythelargestonis1kt(KamLAND&LVD)編輯課件Scientificgoal:al0-50ktundergroundLSdetector60kmfromreactorNeutrinoMasshierarchyPrecisionmixingpara.measurement:q12,DM212,DM231

UnitarityofthemixingmatrixSupernovaneutrinos

==〉better

than

SuperKGeo-neutrinos

==〉10better

than

KamLANDAtmosphericneutrinos

==〉SuperKSolarneutrinos?HighenergyneutrinosPointsource:GRB,AGN,BH,…DiffusedneutrinosHighenergycosmic-muonsPointsource:GRB,AGN,BH,…DarkmatterExoticsSterileneutrinosMonopoles,Fractional

charged

particles,

….LVD+MACRO+KamLAND+SuperK編輯課件Precisionmeasurementofmixingparameter

FundamentaltotheStandardModelandbeyondSimilaritiespointtoaGrandunificationofleptonsandquarksConstrainallPMNSmatrixelementsto<1%!ProbingUnitarityofUPMNSto<1%level!Ifwecanspend(0.1-0.5)B$foreachB/C/superBfactoriestounderstandUCKM(~1-2elementsforeachfactory),whynotasuper-reactorneutrinoexperiment(~3elements)tounderstandUPMNS?CurrentBESIII

Vub25%5%Vcd7%1%Vcs16%1%Vcb5%3%Vtd36%5%Vts39%5%CurrentDayaBayII

Dm2125%<1%

Dm22312%<1%sin2q1210%<1%Sin2q2320%-sin2q13-編輯課件SupernovaneutrinosLessthan20eventsobservedsofar(2001Nobleprize)Assumptions:Distance:10kpc(ourGalaxycenter)Energy:31053ergLnthesameforalltypesTem.&energyManytypesofevents:ne+pn+e+,~3000correlatedeventsne

+12C13B*+e+,~10-100correlatedeventsne+12C11N*+e-,~10-100correlatedeventsnx

+12Cnｘ+12C*,

~600correlatedeventsnx+pnｘ+p,singleeventsne+e-ne+e-,singleeventsnx+e-nｘ+e-,singleeventsT(ne)=3.5MeV,<E(ne)>=11MeVT(ne)=5MeV,<E(ne)>=16MeVT(nx)=8MeV,<E(nx)>=25MeVSuperKcannotseethesecorrelatedevents編輯課件WhattodowithSupernovaneutrinosEnergyspectra&fluxesofalltypesofneutrinostem.andaverageenergyofneutrinosUnderstandSupernovaeneutrinoproperties:mass,mixing,…EarthtomographyNeutrinomodels…Arrivaltimeofalltypesofneutrinosabsoluteneutrinomass編輯課件Geo-neutrinos238U,232Thand40Kdecaysaccountfor40%ofearth’spower,whichisrelatedtoearthquakes,volcanoes,geomagnetism,platetectonics,…Theyaremainlyfrommantleandcrust,butnotthecoreSouth-chinaandJapanaredifferentGeo-neutrinoscantell238U:232Thgoodforgeo-modelsOnlywaylookinginsidetheearth?AlreadyseenbyKamLAND編輯課件Geo-neutrinosatDayaBayIIAfactorof>10largerthanKamLAND3yearsKamLAND編輯課件探測(cè)器的概念設(shè)計(jì)Neutrinotarget:~20ktLS,LABbased30m(D)30m(H)Oilbuffer:6ktWaterbuffer:10ktPMT:1500020”Cost:~1.5BRMB編輯課件可能的地點(diǎn)：惠州或海上據(jù)大亞灣/海豐60公里熱功率>40

GW編輯課件TechnicalchallengesRequirements:Largedetector:>10ktLSEnergyresolution:2%/E2500p.e./MeVOngoingR&D:Lowcost,highQE“PMT”Anewde