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IP屬地：湖北 上傳時間：2023-04-02 格式：DOCX 頁數(shù)：3 大?。?.87MB 積分：6 舉報 版權(quán)申訴

經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！托福TPO16綜合寫作閱讀+滿分范文TPO16綜合寫作聽力+閱讀原文ReadingTheUnitedKingdom(sometimesreferredtoasBritain)hasalongandrichhistoryofhumansettlement.Tracesofbuildings,tools,andartcanbefoundfromperiodsgoingbackmanythousandsofyears:fromtheStoneAge,throughtheBronzeAge,theIronAge,thetimeoftheRomancolonization,theMiddleAges,uptothebeginningsoftheindustrialage.Yetformostofthetwentiethcentury,thescienceofarchaeology,dedicatedtouncoveringandstudyingoldculturalartifacts,wasfacedwithseriousproblemsandlimitationsinBritain.First,manyvaluableartifactswerelosttoconstructionprojects.ThegrowthofBritain'spopulation,especiallyfromthe1950son,spurredalotofnewconstructioninBritishcities,towns,andvillages.Whilediggingfoundationsfornewbuildings,thebuildersoftenuncoveredarchaeologicallyvaluablesites.Usually,however,theyproceededwiththeconstructionanddidnotpreservetheartifacts.Manyarchaeologicallypreciousartifactswerethereforedestroyed.Second,manyarchaeologistsfeltthatthefinancialsupportforarchaeologicalresearchwasinadequate.Formostofthetwentiethcentury,archaeologywasfundedmostlythroughgovernmentfundsandgrants,whichallowedarchaeologiststoinvestigateahandfulofthemostimportantsitesbutwhichlefthundredsofotherinterestingprojectswithoutsupport.Furthermore,changinggovernmentprioritiesbroughtaboutperiodicreductionsinfunding.Third,itwasdifficulttohaveacareerinarchaeology.Archaeologyjobsweretobefoundatuniversitiesorwithafewgovernmentagencies,buttherewerenevermanypositionsavailable.Manypeoplewhowantedtobecomearchaeologistsendeduppursuingothercareersandcontributingtoarchaeologicalresearchonlyasunpaidamateurs.ListeningIn1990,newrulesandguidelineswereadoptedinUnitedKingdomandthathadchangedthewholefeelofArchaeologyinthatcountry.Thenewguidelinesimprovedthesituationinall3areasdiscussedinthepassage.First,thenewguidelinesstatethatbeforeanyconstructionprojectcanstart,theconstructionsitehastobeexaminedbyarchaeologiststoseewhetherthesiteisofarchaeologicalinterestorvalue.Ifthesiteisofarchaeologicalinterest,thenextstepisforthebuilders,archaeologistsandlocalgovernmentofficialstogettogetherandmakeaplanforpreservingthearchaeologicalartifacts,eitherbybuildingaroundthemorbyexcavatingadocumentinthemproperlybeforetheconstructionisallowedtoproceed.Second,animportantpartofnewguidelinesistherulethatanyarchaeologicalworkdoneontheconstructionsitewillbepaidforbytheconstructioncompanynotbythegovernment.Theconstructioncompanyhastopayfortheinitialexaminationofthesite,andthenforalltheworkcarriedoutunderthepreservationplan.Thisiswholenewsourceoffinancialsupport.Thefundingfromtheconstructioncompanyhasallowedresearcherstostudyafargreatrangeofarchaeologicalsitesthantheycouldinpast.Last,thenewguidelinesprovidealotofpaidworkforarchaeologists,workthatdidn’texistbefore.Expertarchaeologistsarenowhiredallstageoftheprocesstoexaminethesiteforarchaeologicalvalue,thenhavetodropthepreservationplantodotheresearcherandprofessionalscientificmannerandfinallytoprocessthedataandwri