2023年考研外語(yǔ)專(zhuān)家預(yù)測(cè)過(guò)關(guān)卷6

考研外語(yǔ)專(zhuān)家預(yù)測(cè)過(guò)關(guān)卷6一、UseofEnglish1>ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglish,fortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.(1),theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoples,andonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers(2)tothemselvesasWelsh,Scottish,orIrish,(3)thecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed(4)beingclassifiedas〃English”.EveninEnglandtherearemany(5)inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief(6)isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa(7)goingfromBristoltoLondon,peoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents,(8)therearelocalvariations.Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually〃(9)〃thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare(10)toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSoutherners,andaremore(11)Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem(12)Northernersgenerallyhavehearty(13):thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshire,William〃Jerry〃Boykin,deputyunder-secretaryofdefenceforintelligence,touredthecountrytellingChristiangroupsthatradicalMuslimshateAmerica〃becausewe'reaChristiannationandtheenemyisaguynamedSatan”.Heoftenworeuniform.TheincreasingterroristattacksAmericanrelianceondeityintractablereasonmultiplefactorsThephrase〃inkind〃inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphmostprobablydenotes.withsomethingtenderwithkindnessC.outofcharityimpulsewithsomethingsimilarTheviewmentionedinthethirdparagraphatleastprevailamong.A.theEuropeanUnionB.thereligiousestablishmentC.thespecialadviserD.theelitesWithwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?America'sforeignpolicyseemsstronglyinfluencedbyreligion.Butthatinfluenceismuchmorecomplexthanitscriticssuppose.IntheworldofgoodandevilAmericanforeignpolicyisboundtobefruitless.ThegrowingdisparitywhichiscreatedbyGodhasbeenexisting.Butthegulfofthetransatlanticalliancewillbebridged.D.Religiousfigureshavemadesomeprettyoutrageousthingsthatcouldbecompromisedbymeansnon-violentmeans.Theauthorevidenceshisownnotionbyadvancing.fourfactsfar-fetchedpretextsC.randomhypothesisD.powerfulpreachers6>Itisnolongerjustdirtyblue-collarjobsinmanufacturingthatarebeingsuckedoffshorebutalsowhite-collarservicejobs,whichusedtobeconsideredsafefromforeigncompetition.Telecomschargeshavetumbled,allowingworkersinfar-flunglocationstobeconnectedcheaplytocustomersinthedevelopedworld.Thishasmadeitpossibletooffshoreservicesthatwereoncenon-tradable.MorganStanley5sMr.Roachhasbeendrawingattentiontothefactthatthe“globallabourarbitrage"ismovingrapidlytothebetterkindsofjobs.Itisnolongerjustbasicdataprocessingandcallcentresthatarebeingoutsourcedtolow-wagecountries,butalsosoftwareprogramming,medicaldiagnostics,engineeringdesign,law,accounting,financeandbusinessconsulting.Thesecannowbedeliveredelectronicallyfromanywhereintheworld,exposingskilledwhite-collarworkerstogreatercompetition.Thestandardretorttosuchargumentsisthatoutsourcingabroadistoosmalltomattermuch.SofarfewerthanImAmericanservice-sectorjobshavebeenlosttooff-shoring.ForresterResearchforecaststhatby2022atotalof3.4mjobsinserviceswillhavemovedabroad,butthatistinycomparedwiththe30mjobsdestroyedandcreatedinAmericaeveryyear.Thetroubleisthatsuchstudiesallowonlyforthesortsofjobsthatarealreadybeingoff-shored,wheninrealitytheproportionofjobsthatcanbemovedwillriseasITadvancesandeducationimprovesinemergingeconomies.AlanBlinder,aneconomistatPrincetonUniversity,believesthatmosteconomistsareunderestimatingthedisruptiveeffectsofoff-shoring,andthatinfuturetwotothreetimesasmanyservicejobswillbesusceptibletooff-shoringasinmanufacturing.Thiswouldimplythatatleast30%ofalljobsmightbeatrisk.Inpracticethenumberofjobsoff-shoredtoChinaorIndiaislikelytoremainfairlymodest.Evenso,themerethreatthattheycouldbeshiftedwilldepresswages.Moreover,saysMr.Blinder,educationoffersnoprotection.Highlyskilledaccountants,radiologistsorcomputerprogrammersnowhavetocompetewithelectronicallydeliveredcompetitionfromabroad,whereashumb1etaxidrivers,janitorsandcraneoperatorsremainsafefromoff-shoring.ThismayhelptoexplainwhytherealmedianwageofAmericangraduateshasfallenby6%since9000,abiggerdeclinethaninaveragewages.Inthe1980sandearly1990s,thepaygapbetweenlow-paid,low-skilledworkersandhigh-paid,high-skilledWorkerswidenedsignificantly.Butsincethen,accordingtoastudybyDavidAutor,LawrenceKatzandMelissaKearney,inAmerica,BritainandGermanyworkersatthebottomaswellasatthetophavedonebetterthanthoseinthemiddle-incomegroup.OfficecleaningcannotbedonebyworkersinIndia.Itistheeasilystandardisedskilledjobsinthemiddle,suchasaccounting,thatarenowbeingsqueezedhardest.AstudybyBradfordJensenandLoriKletzer,attheInstituteforInternationalEconomicsinWashingtonD.C.,confirmsthatworkersintradableservicesthatareexposedtoforeigncompetitiontendtobemoreskilledthanworkersinnon-tradableservicesandtradablemanufacturingindustries.Tooffshoreservicesthatwereoncenon-tradableresultsfromA.theblue-collarjobmarketB.thegeographiclocationoftheunderdevelopedworldC.thefiercecompetitionamongskilledworkersD.thediveoftelecomsfeeWhichofthefollowingstatementsisthetypicalreplyconcerningoff-shoring?A.Service-sectorhassustainedagreatloss.White-collarworkerswillnothaveanarrowescape.Mosteconomistsunderestimatedtheeffectsofoff-shoring.D.Outsourcingabroadhasnosignificantimpact.Accordingtothetext,ForresterResearchPredictionmightbedifferentif.A.outsourcingabroadislargeenoughtomattermuchB.theproportionofjobsthatcanbemovedwillrisemorecomprehensivefactorsaretakenintoaccounteducationimprovementinemergingeconomiesplaysaroleThenarrativeofthetextinthelastthreeparagraphsconcentrateson.A.thestandardretorttotheargumentsB.off-shoringandtheresultingincomeC.thefutureoff-shoringD.thecounter-measuresathandWhichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Businessconsulting.B.Blue-collarjobs.Non-tradableservices.White-collarblues.11>FewbeyondCalifornia'stechnologycrowdrecognisethenameLarrySonsini;nonewithinitscirclecouldfailto.Forfourdecadeshehasbeenlawyer,adviserandfriendtomanyprominentcompaniesandinvestors.SomeconsiderhimthemostpowerfulpersoninSiliconValley.Companiesbegforhislawfirmtorepresentthem.The65-year-oldchairmanofWilsonSonsiniGoodrichRosati(WSGR)hassuddenlybeenthrustintothespotlight,first,forcounsellingmanyofthetechnologyfirmsnowunderscrutinyforbackdatingstockoptions(andinsomecases,servingontheirboards);andmorerecently,asoutsidecounseltoHewlett-Packard(HP),forinitiallydefendingtheboard'sdubiousinvestigativepractices.WSGRboasts600lawyersandrepresentsaroundhalfofSiliconValley'spubliccompanies,includingApple,SunMicrosystemsandGoogle.Lastyearitrankedfirstinprivate-equityandventure-capitaldeals,withnearlytwiceasmanyasitsclosestrival.OverthepastfiveyearsWSGRhasworkedonover1,000mergersandacquisitions,collectivelyworthover$260billion.TherecenttroublescastashadowoverWSGR'sreputation.AlthoughMr.Sonsiniisnotaccusedofwrongdoinghimself,manyofhisfirm'sclientsareontheropes.FormerexecutivesatBrocadeCommunicationssufferedcriminalchargesinJuly.Mr.SonsiniservedonBrocade'sboarduntillastyearandhisfirmwasitsoutsidecounsel.HealsowasontheboardsofPixar,Echelon,LatticeSemiconductor,LSILogicandNovell-allfirmsatwhichtheissuingofstockoptionsisbeingcalledintoquestion.WSGRdismissestheideathatMr.SonsinifacedaconflictofinterestbyactingasbothdirectorandlegaladvisertosomanyfirmsandsayshedidnotadviseHPinitsinvestigationofboardmembers.Mr.Sonsiniinitiallysaiditwas"welldoneandwithinlegallimits”.Itnowseemsitwasneither.Atthebeginningofthetext,theauthorstresses.A.thepublicignoranceofLarrySonsiniB.thepopularityofLarrySonsiniC.thefailureofCalifornia5stechnologyD.thepublicrecognitionofCalifornia'stechnologyThestatisticsinthetextindicate.A.thefameofWSGRB.thenotorietyofLarrySonsiniC.theboomofWSGRD.theobligationofHewlett-PackardThephrase〃ontheropes"inthesecondsentenceofthethirdparagraphdenotes.A.undercontrolB.inthedangerC.onthehorizonD.onthevergeof.collapseTheauthor'sattitudetowardMr.Sonsini'sremarksis.scepticalindifferentbiasedD.sympatheticThetextismostprobablyadigestconcerning.A.federalimageB.corporategovernanceC.economicinflationD.personneladministrationItisnotjustIndiansoftwareand"business-processoutsourcing'7firmsthatarebenefitingfromtheriseoftheinternet.Indianmodernartisalsoonanupwardspiral,drivenbytheaspirationsofnewlyrichIndians,especiallythoselivingabroad,whousetheinternettospotpaintingsandtrackpricesathundredsofgalleryandauctionwebsites.Priceshaverisenaround20-foldsince2000,particularlyforprizednamessuchasTyebMehtaandF.N.Souza.Therewouldhavebeen〃nochance〃ofthathappeningsofastwithouttheinternet,saysArunVadehra,whorunsagalleryinDelhiandisanadvisertoChristie's,aninternationalauctionhouse.HeexpectsworldwidesalesofIndianart,worth$200millionlastyear,todoublein2022.Itisstillatinyfractionofthe$30billionglobalartmarket,butissizeableforanemergingmarket.Fornewlyrichoftenveryrich-non-residentIndians,expensiveartisabadgeofsuccessinaforeignland.〃Whoyouare,andwhatyouhave,areonyourwalls”,saysLaveshJagasia,anartdealerinMumbai.Indianartmayalsobeatotherformsofinvestment.ApaintingbyMr.Mehtathatfetched$1.58millionlastSeptemberwouldhavegoneforlittlemorethan$100,000justfouryearsago.Anda$22millionart-investmentfundlaunchedinJulybyOsian's,abigIndianauctionhouse,hasgrownby4.1%initsfirsttwomonths.ScantattentionwaspaidtomodernIndianartuntiltheendofthe1990s.ThenwealthyIndians,particularlythoselivingabroad,begantotakeaninterest.DineshVazirani,whorunsSaffronart,aleadingIndianauctionsite,says60%ofhissalesforinstance,maylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous(14)atmealtimes.InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands(15)agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman.InScotlandthesound(16)bytheletter〃R〃isgenerallyastrongsound,and〃R〃isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe(17)insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaserious,cautious,thriftypeople,(18)inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritain(theWelsh,theIrish,theScots)arefrequently(19)asbeingmore〃fiery〃thantheEnglish.Theyare(20)aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.(289words)Notes:fiery急躁的，易怒的。A.InconsequenceB.InbriefIngeneralInfact2、⑵A.confineB.attachC.refergotobuyersoverseas.Thefocusnowisonsixauctionsthismonth.TwotookplaceinIndialastweek;workbyyoungerartistssuchasSurendranNairandShibuNatesanbeatestimatesbymorethan70%.Sotheby'sandChristie'shaveauctionsinNewYorknextweek,eachwithaTyebMehtathatisexpectedtofetchmorethan$1million.Therealquestionisteefateofotherworks,includingsomebyMr.Souzawithestimatesofupto$600,000.Iftheydowell,itwilldemonstratethatthereisstrongdemandandwillpulluppricesacrosstheboard.Thislookslikeamarketwithalongwaytorun.ItcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthattherecentrapiddevelopmentofIndianmodernartiscloselyassociatedwith.economicboomrealestateelectronicelementinternationalactionAccordingtothethirdparagraph,theexpensiveartcanbeseenasanidealmeansof.A.triumphB.appreciationC.assessmentD.investmentWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A.PeopleattachedimportancetomodernIndianartlongbeforetheendof1980s.B.RichIndians,particularlythoselivingabroad,hadastrongpassionformodernIndianartforages.C.Pricesattheemergingmarketofmodernarthadbeenclimbingandthendeclining.D.RichIndiansdidnotshowinterestinmodernIndianartuntiltheendofthe1990s.Accordingtothetext,thefortuneofsuchworksasMr.Souza'scanexertaninfluenceon.A.thecreationofmodernartB.productionofyoungerartistsC.thestrongrejectionofmarketpolicyD.thevalueofIndianmodernartTheauthor'snarrativeinthetextcenterson.A.theprofitsbroughtaboutbyaprettypicturewhyIndianmodernartisboomingtheSuccessofIndiansoftwareand〃business-processoutsourcing〃firmshowwealthyIndiansevaluateIndianmodernart21>PartB(10points)Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutlaughing.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA一Fforeachnumberedparagraph(41一45).Thefirstparagraphofthetextisnotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.(10points)Whathavetheyfound?Isittruethatlaughingcanmakeushealthier?Sowhydopeoplelaughsomuch?Whatmakesyoulaugh?Howdidyoucometoresearchit?Sowhat'sitfor?Whyareyouinterestedinlaughter?It'sauniversalphenomenon,andoneofthemostcommonthingswedo.Welaughmanytimesaday,formanydifferentreasons,butrarelythinkaboutit,andseldomconsciouslycontrolit.Weknowsolittleaboutthedifferentkindsandfunctionsoflaughter,andmyinterestreallystartsthere.Whydowedoit?Whatcanlaughterteachusaboutourpositiveemotionsandsocialbehaviour?There'ssomuchwedontknowabouthowthebraincontributestoemotionandIthinkwecangetatunderstandingthisbystudyinglaughter.(41).Only10or20percentoflaughingisaresponsetohumour.Mostofthetimeit'samessagewesendtootherpeople一communicatingjoyfuldisposition,awillingnesstobondandsoon.Itoccupiesaspecialplaceinsocialinteractionandisafascinatingfeatureofourbiology,withmotor,emotionalandcognitivecomponents.Scientistsstudyallkindsofemotionsandbehaviour,butfewfocusonthismostbasicingredient.Laughtergivesusacluethatwehavepowerfulsystemsinourbrainwhichrespondtopleasure,happinessandjoy.It'salsoinvolvedineventssuchasreleaseoffear.(42).Myprofessionalfocushasalwaysbeenonemotionalbehaviour.Ispentmanyyearsinvestigatingtheneuralbasisoffearinrats,andcametolaughterviathatroute.WhenIwasworkingwithrats,Inoticedthatwhentheywerealone,inanexposedenvironment,theywerescaredandquiteuncomfortable.Backinacagewithothers,theyseemedmuchhappier.Itlookedasiftheyplayedwithoneanother一realrough-and-tumble—andIwonderedwhethertheywerealsolaughing.TheneurobiologistJaakPanksepphadshownthatjuvenileratsmakeshortvocalisations,pitchedtoohighforhumanstohear,duringrough-and-1umb1eplay.Hethinksthesearesimilartolaughter.Thismademewonderabouttherootsoflaughter.(43).Everythinghumansdohasafunction,andlaughingisnoexception.Itsfunctionissurelycommunication.Weneedtobuildsocialstructuresinordertolivewellinoursocietyandevolutionhasselectedlaughterasausefuldeviceforpromotingsocialcommunication.Inotherwords,itmusthaveasurvivaladvantageforthespecies.(44).Thebrainscansareusuallydonewhilepeoplearerespondingtohumorousmaterial.Youseebrainwaveactivityspreadfromthesensoryprocessingareaoftheoccipitallobe,thebitatthebackofthebrainthatprocessesvisualsignals,tothebrain'sfrontallobe.Itseemsthatthefrontallobeisinvolvedinrecognisingthingsasfunny.Theleftsideofthefrontallobeanalysesthewordsandstructureofjokeswhiletherightsidedoestheintellectualanalysesrequiredto〃get〃jokes.Finally,activityspreadstothemotorareasofthebraincontrollingthephysicaltaskoflaughing.Wealsoknowaboutthesecomplexpathwaysinvolvedinlaughterfromneurologicalillnessandinjury.Sometimesafterbraindamage,tumours,strokeorbraindisorderssuchasParkinson'sdisease,peopleget“stonefacedsyndrome"andcan'tlaugh.(45).IlaughalotwhenIwatchamateurvideosofchildren,becausethey'resonatural.I'msurethey'renotforcinganythingfunnytohappen.Idontparticularlylaughhardatjokes,butratheratsituations.Ialsoloveoldcomedymo(42)(43)(44)(45)PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)TheclueliesintheJapanesenamethathasbeenadoptedforthemaroundtheworld:tsunami.(46)Formedfromthecharactersforharbourandwave,andcommemoratedinthe19th-centurywoodblockprintbyHokusaithatdecoratessomanybooksandarticlesaboutthesubject,thewordshowsthatthesesudden,devastatingwaveshavemainlyinthepastoccurredinthePacificOcean,ringedasitisbyvolcanoesandearthquakezones.Thankstoonetsunamiin1946thatkilled165people,mainlyinHawaii,thecountriesaroundthePacifichavesharedatsunamiwarningcentreeversince.(47)ThosearoundtheIndianOceanhavenosuchcentre,beingluckyenoughnottohavesufferedmanybigtsunamisbeforeandunluckyenoughnottocounttheworld'stwobiggestandmosttechnologicallyadvancedeconomies,theUnitedStatesandJapan,amongtheirnumber.Sowhen,onDecember26th,theworld'sstrongestearthquakein40yearsshooktheregion,withitsepicenterundertheseanearthenorthernmosttipoftheIndonesianarchipelago,therewasnoestablishedmechanismtopasswarningstothecountriesaroundtheocean'sshores.Therewouldhavebeenbetween90and150minutesinwhichtobroadcastwarningsbyradio,televisionandloudspeakerintheareasmostaffected,theIndonesianprovinceofAceh,SriLankaandtheIndianchainoftheAndamanandNicobar-islands.(48)Hadsuchwarningsbeenbroadcastthenmanyofthetensofthousandsofliveslostwouldhavebeensaved.(49)Howmany,nobodycanknow,forthetaskofevacuationwouldhavebeenfarfromeasyinmanyofthesecrowded,poorandlow-lyingcoastalcommunities.Equally,though,itwillprobablyneverbeknownexactlyhowmanypeoplehavedied.(50)Whereasinmanydisasterstheinitialestimatesoffatalitiesprovetoohigh,theoppositeisoccurringinthiscase.(47)(48)(49)(50)參考答案：【一、UseofEnglish]1?5DCACB6?10DACBB11?20點(diǎn)擊下載查看答案【二、ReadingComprehension]「5DDDAA6?10DDCBD1「30點(diǎn)擊下載查看答案D.add3、⑶aswhichforso4、⑷withbyatfor5、(5)similaritiesdifferencescertaintiesfeatures6、(6)factorvirtueprivilegedivision7、(7)A.linerowborderscale8、(8)whowhenC.thoughD.for9、(9)widerbroaderrarerscarcer10、(10)usedaptpossibleprobableIk(11)perfectnotorioussuperiorthorough(12)swiftlypromptlyimmediatelyquickly(13)appetitestastesinterestssenses(14)A.helpingsB.offeringsC.fillingsD.findings(15)A.representB.designateC.demonstrateD.reckon(16)delivereddenotedC.depictedD.defined(17)quietobscurefaintsilent(18)ratherstillC.somehowD.even(19)renderedthoughtimpresseddescribed(20)withofamongagainst二、ReadingComprehension1、PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)September11th2022drewthetransatlanticalliancetogether;butthemooddidnotlast,andoverthefiveyearssinceithaspulledeverfurtherapart.ArecentpollfortheGermanMarshallFundshowsthat57%ofEuropeansregardAmericanleadershipinworldaffairsas"undesirable"，TheIraqwarismainlytoblame.Butthereisanotherandmoreintractablereasonforthegrowingdivision:God.EuropeansworrythatAmericanforeignpolicyunderGeorgeBushistooinfluencedbyreligion.The〃holywarriors"whohijackedtheplanesonSeptember11threintroducedGodintointernationalaffairsinthemostdramaticofways.ItseemsthatGeorgeBushisreplyinginkind,encouragingaclashofreligionsthatcouldspellglobalcatastrophe.DominiqueMoisi,aspecialadviserattheFrenchInstituteforInternationalRelations,arguesthat〃thecombinationofreligionandnationalisminAmericaisfrightening.WefeelbetrayedbyGodandbynationalism,whichiswhywearebuildingtheEuropeanUnionasabarriertoreligiouswarfarezz.JosefBraml,oftheGermanInstituteforInternationalandSecurityAffairs,complainsthati