硒化鎳、硫化銅基熱電材料的制備及性能研究

硒化鎳、硫化銅基熱電材料的制備及性能研究硒化鎳、硫化銅基熱電材料的制備及性能研究

摘要：

本論文研究了硒化鎳、硫化銅基熱電材料的制備及其性能表征。首先，采用固相法合成了多種不同比例的硒化鎳、硫化銅復(fù)合材料，分別采用X射線衍射、掃描電子顯微鏡、熱電導(dǎo)率測試等手段對其晶體結(jié)構(gòu)、形貌以及導(dǎo)熱性能進行了表征。然后，對所制備的材料進行了熱電性能測試，包括熱電勢、電阻率、功率因數(shù)以及熱電效率等指標(biāo)。實驗結(jié)果表明，所合成的硒化鎳、硫化銅復(fù)合材料具有優(yōu)良的熱電性能，展現(xiàn)出較高的熱電勢以及較低的電阻率，同時功率因數(shù)和熱電效率也相對較高。此外，本研究還探討了材料制備過程中的相關(guān)因素對熱電性能的影響。通過對不同制備條件下材料的熱電性能進行比較分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)摻雜濃度、燒結(jié)溫度等因素對熱電性能的影響較為顯著。最后，對熱電材料在能量轉(zhuǎn)化領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用前景進行了展望，指出熱電技術(shù)在提高能源利用效率、減輕能源浪費方面具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。

關(guān)鍵詞：硒化鎳、硫化銅、熱電材料、制備、性能研究

Abstract:

Thispaperstudiesthepreparationandperformancecharacterizationofnickelselenide,coppersulfide-basedthermoelectricmaterials.Firstly,variousnickelselenide-coppersulfidecompositematerialswithdifferentproportionsweresynthesizedbysolid-phasemethod,andtheircrystalstructure,morphologyandthermalconductivitywerecharacterizedbyX-raydiffraction,scanningelectronmicroscopy,thermalconductivitytestingandothermeans.Then,thethermoelectricpropertiesofthepreparedmaterialsweretested,includingthermoelectricpotential,electricalresistivity,powerfactorandthermoelectricefficiency.Theexperimentalresultsshowedthatthesynthesizednickelselenide-coppersulfidecompositematerialshadexcellentthermoelectricproperties,showinghighthermoelectricpotentialandlowelectricalresistivity,andrelativelyhighpowerfactorandthermoelectricefficiency.Inaddition,thisstudyalsoexploredthefactorsrelatedtothepreparationprocessthataffectthethermoelectricproperties.Bycomparingandanalyzingthethermoelectricpropertiesofmaterialsunderdifferentpreparationconditions,itwasfoundthatdopingconcentration,sinteringtemperatureandotherfactorshaveasignificantimpactonthethermoelectricproperties.Finally,theapplicationprospectsofthermoelectricmaterialsinthefieldofenergyconversionareprospected.Itispointedoutthatthermoelectrictechnologyhasbroadprospectsforapplicationinimprovingenergyutilizationefficiencyandreducingenergywaste.

Keywords:NiSe,Cu2S,thermoelectricmaterials,preparation,performanceresearchThermoelectricmaterials,suchasNiSeandCu2S,havebeenextensivelystudiedovertheyearsduetotheirpotentialapplicationinenergyconversion.Theiruniquepropertyofdirectlyconvertingheatintoelectricitycansignificantlyimproveenergyutilizationefficiencyandreduceenergywaste.

Thepreparationofthermoelectricmaterialsinvolvesvarioustechniques,includingchemicalsynthesis,physicaldeposition,andsintering.Thepropertiesofthepreparedmaterialscanbecontrolledbyadjustingfactorssuchasdopingconcentration,sinteringtemperature,andmicrostructure.

Performanceresearchonthermoelectricmaterialshasshownthattheirelectricalconductivity,Seebeckcoefficient,andthermalconductivitysignificantlyinfluencetheirthermoelectricperformance.Byoptimizingtheseproperties,theefficiencyofenergyconversioncanbegreatlyimproved.

Futureprospectsofthermoelectricmaterialsincludetheirapplicationinvariousenergyconversiondevices,suchasthermoelectricgeneratorsandrefrigerationsystems.Theiruseinautomobiles,aerospace,andindustrycanleadtosignificantenergysavingsandreducecarbonemissions.

Inconclusion,thermoelectrictechnologyhasthepotentialtorevolutionizethefieldofenergyconversion.FurtherresearchanddevelopmentinthisareacanleadtothecreationofmoreefficientandsustainableenergyconversionsystemsAsidefromenergyconversion,thermoelectricmaterialsalsohavepotentialapplicationsinsensingandthermalmanagement.Insensing,thermoelectricdevicescanbeusedtomeasuretemperaturedifferencesandconvertthemintoelectricalsignalsformonitoringandcontrolpurposes.Thesedeviceshavebeenusedinvariousindustriessuchasautomotive,aerospace,andbiomedicalfortemperaturemeasurements.

Inthermalmanagement,thermoelectricmaterialscanbeutilizedasheatsinksorcoolerstoremoveordissipateheatgeneratedbyelectronicdevicesorpowersystems.Thiscanleadtomoreefficientandreliableoperationofthesesystems,aswellasareductioninenergyconsumptionandemissions.

Whilethermoelectricmaterialshavealreadyproventheireffectivenessincertainapplications,thereisstillmuchresearchanddevelopmentneededtooptimizetheirperformanceandexpandtheiruseinwiderareas.Onemajorchallengeinthisfieldisimprovingtheefficiencyofthermoelectricmaterials,whichisdefinedbythedimensionlessfigureofmerit(ZT).Currentstate-of-the-artthermoelectricmaterialshaveaZTofabout2-3,whilethetheoreticalmaximumisaround5-6.AchievingthismaximumZTwouldgreatlyenhancetheefficiencyofthermoelectricenergyconversionandenablemanymorepracticalapplications.

ToimprovetheZT,researchersareexploringvariousstrategiessuchasdesigningnewmaterialswithoptimizedelectronicandthermalproperties,optimizingthedimensionalityandcrystalstructureofmaterials,anddevelopingnewmethodsofdopingandnanostructuring.Inaddition,thereisaneedforadvancedcharacterizationtechniquesandcomputationalmodelstobetterunderstandandpredictthepropertiesandbehaviorofthermoelectricmaterials.

Inconclusion,thermoelectricmaterialshaveshowngreatpromiseinvariousenergyconversion,sensing,andthermalmanagementapplications.Ongoingresearchanddevelopmentinthisfieldcanleadtothecreationofmoreefficientandsustainableenergyconversionsystems,aswellasnewtechnologiesforsensingandthermalmanagement.Withcontinuedadvancements,thermoelectricmaterialshavethepotentialtosignificantlyimpactthefutureofenergyandtechnologyPossibleadditionalparagraphs:

Despitetheirmanyadvantages,thermoelectricmaterialsfaceseveralchallengesthatlimittheirwidespreaduse.Onekeychallengeistheirrelativelylowefficiency,whichistypicallymeasuredbythedimensionlessfigureofmeritZT.MostcommercialthermoelectricmaterialshaveZTvaluesintherangeof0.5-1,whichmeanstheycanconvertonlyafractionoftheheatenergyintoelectricityorcooling.ToimprovetheZTvalues,researchersareexploringdifferentapproachessuchasoptimizingthecrystalstructure,dopingthematerialswithimpurities,reducingthethermalconductivity,andusingnanostructuredcomposites.However,thesemethodsofteninvolvetrade-offsbetweendifferentpropertiesorrequirecomplexfabricationtechniques,whichcanincreasethecostandcomplexityofthedevices.

Anotherchallengeforthermoelectricmaterialsistheirlimitedoperatingtemperaturerange.Manymaterialsthatexhibitgoodthermoelectricpropertiesatambientormoderatetemperaturesmaybecomeunstableordegradeathigherorlowertemperatures.Thislimitstheiruseinapplicationsthatrequireoperationinextremeenvironments,suchasspaceexploration,nuclearreactors,orindustrialprocesses.Toovercomethislimitation,researchersareseekingtodevelopnewmaterialsthatcanwithstandhigherorlowertemperatures,ortocombinedifferentmaterialsintandemtocoverabroadertemperaturerange.Thisrequiresacomprehensiveunderstandingofthethermoelectricpropertiesandtheunderlyingphysicsandchemistryofthematerials.

Athirdchallengeforthermoelectricmaterialsistheirscalabilityandcost-effectiveness.Manyofthebestthermoelectricmaterialsarerare,expensive,ortoxic,whichposeschallengesforlarge-scaleproductionanddeployment.Moreover,thefabricationofthermoelectricdevicesofteninvolvesmultiplesteps,highprecision,andhighpurity,whichcanincreasethecostandcomplexityofthemanufacturingprocess.Toaddresstheseissues,researchersareexploringnewsynthesismethods,suchashigh-throughputscreening,computationaldesign,andadditivemanufacturing,toacceleratethediscoveryandoptimizationofthermoelectricmaterials.Theyarealsoinvestigatingnewdevicearchitectures,suchasflexibleorconformaldevices,toincreasetheversatilityandefficiencyofthermoelectricsystems.

Overall,thermoelectricmaterialsofferapromisingavenuefor