裕興新概念英語第二冊筆記第51課

WhydidHugh'sdietnotwork?Myfriend,Hugh,hasalwaysbeenfat,butthingsgotsobadrecentlythathedecidedtogoonadiet.Hebeganhisdietaweekago.Firstofall,hewroteoutalonglistofallthefoodswhichwereforbidden.ThelistincludedmostofthethingsHughloves:butter,potatoes,rice,beer,milk,chocolate;andsweets.YesterdayIpaidhimavisit.IrangthebellandwasnotsurprisedtoseethatHughwasstillasfatasever.Heledmeintohisroomandhurriedlyhidalargeparcelunderhisdesk.Itwasobviousthathewasveryembarrassed.WhenIaskedhimwhathewasdoing,hesmiledguiltilyandthenputtheparcelonthedesk.Heexplainedthathisdietwassostrictthathehadtorewardhimselfoccasionally.Thenheshowedmethecontentsoftheparcel.Itcontainedfivelargebarsofchocolateandthreebagsofsweets!參照譯文我的朋友休素來很胖，可是近來情況變得更為糟糕，致使他決定節(jié)食。他是一星期前開始節(jié)食的。第一，他開列了一張長長的票據(jù)，上面列了全部禁吃的食品。這張票據(jù)上的大部分食品都是休喜歡吃的：黃油、土豆、米飯、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果。昨天我去看望了他。我按響了門鈴，當(dāng)看到休仍和平時同樣胖時，我其實不感覺驚異。他把我領(lǐng)進(jìn)屋，慌亂把一個大包藏到了桌子下面。顯然他感覺很尷尬。當(dāng)我問他正干什么時，他愧疚地笑了，爾后把那個大包拿到了桌上。他解談?wù)?，他的飲食控制得太?yán)格了，致使不得不有時獎勵自己一下。接著他給我看了包里的東西。里面裝了5大塊巧克力和3袋糖果！【Newwordsandexpressions】（10）rewardn.報償virtuen.美德dietn.節(jié)食forbidv.嚴(yán)禁－forbade－forbiddenhurriedlyadv.匆促地embarrassv.使尷尬guiltilyadv.愧疚地strictadj.嚴(yán)格的rewardv.給獎勵occasionallyadv.有時地一．單詞解說：★rewardn.報償同義詞compensate,pay,remunerate,award反義詞punish,punishment變化形名復(fù)rewards?變化形動變rewarded?rewarded?rewarding?（1）n.酬金、獎勵、酬報、賞金eg：Hereceivedamedalinrewardforhisbravery.他因表現(xiàn)勇敢而獲得了一枚獎?wù)?eg：A10-millionrewardhasbeenofferedforthecaptureofBinLaden.懸賞一千萬美元捉拿賓拉登。eg：Heworkedhardwithout（any）hopeofreward.他勤奮工作,但卻不希望獲得酬金。（2）v.賞賜酬金，酬報，報恩eg：Isthishowyourewardmeformyhelp？你就這樣報恩我對你的幫助嗎?eg：Youwillbefullyrewardedwithallyourefforts.你全部的努力都將獲得充分的回報。eg：Iwillrewardyoulater.此后我會報恩你。rewardingadj.酬金的,有益的,值得的arewardingexperience一次富饒價值的經(jīng)歷★virtuen.美德同義詞goodness,righteousness,morality變化形名復(fù)virtues?（1）美德、善、傲慢（反意詞：vice惡行，缺道德為）amanofvirtue有德之人eg：Honestyisavirtue.誠實是一種美德。leadalifeofvirtue過崇高的生活eg：Virtueisitsownreward.(諺)做好事即樂在其中.eg：Allofthevirtuesgethere.全聚德（2）長處、長處eg：Thebigclasshasthevirtueofmakingmorefriends.大量的美德使能交更多的朋友。eg：Myroomhasvirtueofbeingwarmeveninwinter.我的房間有個利處即即是冬天也很溫暖。virtualadj.['v?:tju?l]實質(zhì)的,實質(zhì)上的eg：Ourdeputymanageristhevirtualheadofthebusiness.我們的副經(jīng)理是企業(yè)的實質(zhì)負(fù)責(zé)人.★dietn.節(jié)食同義詞foodanddrink,food,foodstuffs,victuals變化形名復(fù)diets?變化形動變dieted?dieted?dieting?（1）節(jié)食

goonadiet

＝

beonadiet

推行節(jié)食loseweight

減重←→

putonweight

＝

gainweight

增胖（2）（平時的）

飲食abalanceddiet

平衡的飲食

；

dietsheet

（病人的）

規(guī)定食譜★

forbid

v.嚴(yán)禁,

嚴(yán)禁[O1][O2][+v-ing...同義詞prohibit,disallow,bar,banforbid－forbade－forbiddenforbid+n./doingeg：Whocanforbidourmarriage

反義詞permit,allow－?forbidding？誰能夠嚴(yán)禁我們的婚姻？eg：Smokingisforbiddeninthisbuilding.forbidsb嚴(yán)禁某人?..eg：Ifyouwanttogo,Ican’tforbidyou.

在幢樓里抽煙是被嚴(yán)禁。若是你想去，我不能夠阻攔你。eg：Hedidn’tlikehisdaughter’sboyfriend,andforbadehimintothehouse.他不喜他女兒的男朋友，并嚴(yán)禁他了屋。forbidsbtodo

??.

嚴(yán)禁某人做某事eg：Myfatherforbadmetowatchtelevision.

我的父就嚴(yán)禁我看。eg：Itisforbiddentosmokeinthisroom.

（NoSmoking）在個房嚴(yán)禁抽煙。forbiddenadj.（被）嚴(yán)禁的forbiddenfruit禁果;非法的愉forbiddenground禁區(qū)、必防范的、犯忌的theForbiddenCity故,紫禁城eg：Godforbidthatweshouldhaveclasstomorrow.上帝保佑，我明天不用上。★hurriedlyadv.匆促地、草率地hurriedadj.促的,慌亂的；ahurriedtrip匆促之旅ahurriedmeal匆促吃了hurriedlyadv.['h?ridli]匆促地；speakhurriedly急促地hurryv.匆促,敦促,趕eg：Don’thurry.不要急。eg：Hurryup.快點eg：Withthis,thewomanhurriedaway/off.完了，女子趕忙走開。eg：Hehurriedhome.他趕忙趕回家。eg：Hehurriedtoschool.他趕忙趕到學(xué)校。hurryto+地址：匆促趕到某地eg：Hehurriedbacktohisoffice.他趕忙趕回他的公室。eg：Theyhurriedintothecar.他趕忙上。★embarrassv.使窘;使不好心思,使忐忑不安[H][(...同disconcert,discomfit,abash,confound化形embarrassed?embarrassed?embarrassing?embarrasssb使某人堪eg：Yoursharpwordsembarrassedhimalot.你尖酸的令他很堪。eg：Areyoutryingtoembarrassme？你想要我堪？eg：Don’tembarrassthembyasking/withpersonalquestions.不要他令人堪的個人。eg：Shewasembarrassedbyhisloudlaughter.他的大笑令她感覺尷尬。embarrassingadj.令人迷惑的、尷尬、尷尬的embarrassedadj.感覺迷惑的、尷尬、尷尬的eg：Itwasobviousthathewasveryembarrassed.顯然他感覺很窘。financiallyembarrassed

＝shortofmoney

囊中羞怯、經(jīng)濟(jì)受窘embarrassment?[im?b?r?sm?nt]n.

窘?jīng)r；迷惑；犯難anembarrassmentofriches

好東西太多而難以選擇東西多得令人犯難；財富多得成了負(fù)擔(dān)blushinembarrassment

因難為情而臉紅差異：embassy?[?emb?si]n.

大館；大使館全體成員★

guiltily

adv.

愧疚地（1）責(zé)任、罪行、罪行eg：Guiltwaswrittenalloverherface.她的罪過都寫在臉上了；她在臉上寫滿了愧疚。establishthesuspect’sguilt證明嫌疑犯有罪eg：Hedeniedhisguilt.他否定自己有罪。eg：Heconfessedhisguilt.他認(rèn)同自己有罪。（2）不安、愧疚feelingofguilt愧疚感、罪悪感｛ざいあくかん｝、罪の意識｛いしき｝guilty?['gilti]adj.有罪的,愧疚的guiltless（innocent,clear）['giltlis]?adj.不熟悉...的,無罪的eg：Ifeelguiltyaboutcuttingclasses.逃課我感覺愧疚。eg：IfeelguiltybecauseIhavenomoneytolendyou.因為我沒有錢借給你感覺愧疚。eg：Notguilty.判決某人[無罪].eg：Theboyswereguiltyoftheft.男孩子們犯了偷竊罪。guiltilyadv.eg：Shesmiledguiltilyasshesawme.當(dāng)她看見我時她尷尬地笑?！飐trictadj.嚴(yán)格的、嚴(yán)格的[(+with)]同義詞harsh,exact,precise,rigorous反義詞lenient,loose,lax變化形形變stricter?strictest?（1）adj.嚴(yán)格地、嚴(yán)格的bestrictwithsb對某人嚴(yán)格＝bestrictinsb對某人嚴(yán)格bestrictinone’swork/study對工作/學(xué)習(xí)嚴(yán)格eg：Firstofall,youmustbestrictwithyourself.第一，你必定嚴(yán)格要求自己。astrictteacher一位嚴(yán)格的老師；strictrules嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定（2）adj.嚴(yán)實地、正確地thestricttruth的確的事實、絕對真切inthestrictsense嚴(yán)格說來strictly?['striktli]adv.嚴(yán)格地,完好地eg：Strictlyspeaking,youarenotfitforyourjob.嚴(yán)格來說，你是不適合這份工作。eg：Smokingisstrictlyprohibited.嚴(yán)禁抽煙、抽煙被嚴(yán)格地嚴(yán)禁?！飋ccasionallyadv.有時地、有時,間或同義詞sometimes,nowandthen,onceinawhileadv.nowandthen,attimes偶而地eg：Ioccasionallygotothemovieswithhim.我有時和他去看電影。occasionaladj.偶而的occasionalvisits有時的拜見eg：We’llhaveoccasionalsnowduringthenight.夜晚偶而會下一陣雪。occasion[??kei??n]n.ononeoccasion一次onthis/thatoccasion

時刻，場合；嘉會；機(jī)會；來由,onanotheroccasion另一次在這種/那種場合

vt.

惹起eg：It’salwaysthesameonthiskindofoccasions.在這種場合老是這樣的。eg：HehashadfewoccasionstospeakFrench.他極稀有機(jī)會講法語。二．

Keystructures

：一般過去時一般過去時：表過去某時發(fā)生的動作或處于的狀態(tài)，

平時表過去的時間狀語連用，（也可經(jīng)過上、下文表現(xiàn)時間）

。eg：Igotonthebusandsatdown.Eg：ThemagazineIorderedwassenttothewrongaddress.eg：Afirebrokeoutinourtownrecentlyandalargefactorywasburnttotheground.burnttotheground完好燒毀注意動詞不規(guī)則過去式、過去分詞eat－ate－eaten；wear－wore－wornwin－won－won；fall－fell－fallenbeat?[bi:t]vt.打；戰(zhàn)勝vi.跳動n.跳動(聲)；節(jié)拍－beat－beatenforbid[f??bid]vt.嚴(yán)禁，嚴(yán)禁－forbade－forbiddenlose－lost－lost；break－broke－brokenhide－h(huán)id－h(huán)idden；ring打－rang－rungburn－burnt/burned－burnt/burnedlead－led－ledrisevi.升起；起立(床)；上n.上；高升－rose－risenlie?[lai]vi.躺，平放；位于；伸展；n.－lay－lainlay?[lei]v.置放；；(蛋，卵)；置；主－laid－laidcreep?[kri:p]vi.爬行，爬行；手足地走，慢地行－crept－creptleap?[li:p]vi.跳；沖vt.n.跳；激增，－leapt－leapttear[ti?,te?]n.眼淚；破洞，裂口v.撕(裂)，被撕破－tore－tornExercise：⑴Iwas（be）gladtogetyourletter.⑵Howdidyoulike（like）theirperformance？⑶Whoput（put）forwardthissuggestion？⑷YesterdayIpaid（pay）himavisit.⑸Everybodyrose（rise起立）whenheentered（enter）theroom.三．文解：★Myfriend,Hugh,hasalwaysbeenfat,butthingsgotsobadrecentlythathedecidedtogoonadiet.我的朋友休素來很胖,可是近來情況得越糟糕,致使他決定食.※so?that這樣?致使；果使，致使eg：It’ssocoldthatthepondhasfrozen.eg：IransofastthatI’dgotapaininmyside.so?astodo??到做某事的程度eg：Shewassokindastohelptheoldladyoffthebus.※decidetodosth決定做某事※goonadiet食★Hebeganhisdietaweekago.Firstofall,hewroteoutalonglistofallthefoodswhichwereforbidden.他是一星期前開始食的.第一,他開列了一的子,上面列了全部禁吃的食品.※firstofall第一eg：Firstofallshejustsmiled,andthenshestartedtolaugh.最初她可是微笑,此后才放聲大笑.※

writeout

全部寫出※

alistof

一??的清

、一份名list

⑴

n.putaperson

’snameon

thelist

把???列入名takeaperson’snameoffthelist把???除名drawuplistofmembers造會名listpricen.價,價目表所列之價錢、價⑵v.eg：Mynameisnotlistedinthetelephonedirectory.我的名字沒有被列在簿里ThelistincludedmostofthethingsHughloves:butter,potatoes,rice,beer,milk,chocolate;andsweets.子上的大部分食品都是休喜吃的:黃油、土豆、米、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果.※includev.包括，把??.列入（算入）??（做整體的一部分），它的主可能是人或物，在意上與putin相像。eg：Iincludedeggsinthelistofthingstobuy.我將蛋列入了要的物件eg：Yourdutiesincludemakingthetea.你的任包括泡茶eg：AmIincludedintheteam？我屬于里？contain包括，容，??..的里面有或裝著，始表示在某個容器或物體之內(nèi)，平時與thereis/are???in的構(gòu)互，不能夠用行。eg：Thatboxcontainsoldletters.

Thereareoldlettersinthatbox.eg：Heincludedalotoffunnystoriesinhisspeech.Hisspeechcontainedalotoffunnystories.eg：Therocketcontainsanumberofscientificinstruments,includingatelevisioncamera.火箭包括一些科學(xué)器，其中包括像機(jī)※potatoes,sweets→可數(shù)名YesterdayIpaidhimavisit.昨天我去看望了他.paysbavisit＝visitsbpayattentionto??eg：Youshouldpayattentiontowhatyourparentssay.payfor⑴，受??的eg：You’llhavetopayforyourselfishnesssomeday.有一天你將會你的的自私付出代價⑵??..付款eg：Nowyoucanpayformydinner.在你能夠替我付了payback，(某人)；回，向?復(fù)eg：Hepaidbackhisdebts.他了借錢IrangthebellandwasnotsurprisedtoseethatHughwasstillasfatasever.我按響了

.

當(dāng)看到休仍和平時一胖

,

我其實不感覺驚異

.ringvi./vt.eg：Thetelephonerangjustnow.

（vi.

）eg：Irangthebell.（vt.）asfatasever原句：asfatasheeverwas狀從句Heledmeintohisroomandhurriedlyhidalargeparcelunderhisdesk.他把我屋,慌亂把一個大包藏到了桌子下面.leadv.showtheway,especiallybygoinginfront??..指路，路eg：Heled/showedtheguestintohisstudy.eg：I’llshowyouaround.我會你四看看Itwasobviousthathewasveryembarrassed.WhenIaskedhimwhathewasdoing,hesmiledguiltilyandthenputtheparcelonthedesk.Heexplainedthathisdietwassostrictthathehadtorewardhimselfoccasionally.然他感覺很尬.當(dāng)我他正干什么,他愧疚地笑了,爾后把那個大包拿到了桌上.他解,他的食控制得太格了,致使不得不偶自己一下.so??that這樣?致使；果使，致使★Thenheshowedmethecontentsoftheparcel.接著他我看了包里的西

.showeg：Heshowedmehisphotographs.eg：Youmustshowyourticketatthebarrier.

必在票出示票

.barrier?[?b?ri?]n.，關(guān)卡，票口；阻攔，隔；屏障★Itcontainedfivelargebarsofchocolateandthreebagsofsweets!里面裝了

5大巧克力和

3袋糖果

!※barn.⑴

條abarofchocolateabarofsoapn.

一肥皂abarofredacrossthewesternsky

日落,西天空有一道⑵酒吧：barmaidn.酒吧女招待,酒吧女服barman＝bartendern.酒吧的侍從;酒保、酒；酒吧男服⑶（法庭大將法官監(jiān)犯，律等與聽眾分開的）桿behindbars

在中不能數(shù)名，表示”一個”見解，需加”abarof“似的定：apieceofnews一條新；anitemofnews一信息、一條新apieceofwork一份工作；aburstofapplause一掌聲＊burst?[b?:st]vt.

使爆裂

vi.

爆炸；

n.爆炸；爆＊applause?[??pl?:z]n.鼓掌，掌聲afitofanger陣氣憤＊fit?[fit]?adj.適合的,強(qiáng)健的v.適合,安裝n.適合,發(fā)生anitemoftruth一點真相；anarticleofclothing一件衣服＊article?[?ɑ:tik(?)l]n.物件；文章，論文；條款;冠詞agrainofrice一粒米＊grain?[grein]n.谷物；谷粒，顆粒，細(xì)粒；少量，微量alumpofsugarn.一塊方糖＊lump?[l?mp]n.小方塊，(腫)塊vt.歸在一同vi.結(jié)塊※sweet（Br.）【英】(餐后的)甜點[U][C]、甘い食べ物［菓子｛かし｝、＝dessert（Am.）eg：Idon’twantanysweet.我不要甜點sweets【英】糖果[P]＝candy（Am.）eg：Pleasehelpyourselftosomesweets.※rewardforvirtue對美德的獎勵四．SpecialDifficulties1、raise及物動詞/rise:

：

不及物動詞

,

不能夠加賓語

:

它們的差異不在于意思

,

而在于詞性eg：ThatboyalwaysraiseshishandwhenIaskaquestion.我問問題時、那男孩老是舉起手eg：Thatshelfwastoolowsoweraiseditfewinches.這架太低，因此我們提高了幾英寸eg：Heavyrainshaveraisedtheleveloftheriverthisyear.eg：Ialwaysriseatsixo’clock.我老是6點起床eg：Aftertheconcert,everybodyroseandclapped.演唱會結(jié)束后，大家起立，鼓掌eg：Thesunhasjustrisen.2、lay:及物動詞/lie

太陽剛才升起。不及物動詞:laytheegg/lieinbedeg：Laythoseparcelsonthefloor,please.

請把那些包放在上eg：Where’smybook？Ilaiditonthatshelfamomentago.我的書呢？剛才我把這本書放在書架上了eg：Haven’tyoulaidthetableyet？還沒把桌子擺好嗎？eg：It’snicetogetupinthemorning,butit’snicertoliein

bed.eg：Ilayinbedtill10o’clocklastSundaymorning.eg：Thechildrenareplayingagame.They’vealljustlainonthegrass.3、beat后邊接敵手win不能夠接敵手:Ibeatyou.eg：ArsenalbeatManchesterUnitedlastSaturday.上星期六阿森

曼。eg：Arsenalwonthegame.

阿森得了比Exercise：Choosethecorrectverbsinthefollowingsentences:＊verb?[v?:b]n.正確的:Everybody(raised)(rose)whenheenteredtheroom.Ihavebeen(laying)(lying)hereforhalfanhour.Mrs.Jones.(laid)(lay).thetablebeforebreakfast.airplane(raised)(rose)intotheair.5.I'mnotverygoodatchess.Healways(wins)(beats)me.6.‘Didyou(win)(beat)orlose?’Iasked.1.rose2.lying3.laid/beforebreakfast.4.rose5.beats有手6.win后邊沒手

不能夠用“l(fā)ay

”因第三人稱數(shù)五．Exercis