高中英語Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestarsreading教案新課標(biāo)人教版必修3

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars-reading教材解析和教材重組教本單元的主要內(nèi)容是邊沿科學(xué)、地球生命的發(fā)源，萬有引力、黑洞和太空旅行材等天文學(xué)知識。經(jīng)過本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，培育學(xué)生對科學(xué)的興趣，激發(fā)學(xué)生研究科分學(xué)的熱忱。析1.WarmingUp部分共有三組問題，第一組問題指引學(xué)生談?wù)撨呇乜茖W(xué)(FrontierScience)，即以兩種或多種學(xué)科為基礎(chǔ)而發(fā)展起來的科學(xué)。比方，生物化學(xué)是以生物學(xué)和化學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)的邊沿科學(xué)。第二組問題商討科學(xué)研究的方法。第三組問題讓學(xué)生思慮要成為真切的科學(xué)家所一定掌握的技術(shù)。Pre-reading部分主要讓學(xué)生弄清楚什么是科學(xué)思想，什么是宗教信奉或文化傳統(tǒng)。學(xué)生總喜愛聽故事或講故事，在商討生命的發(fā)源的科學(xué)道理以前，讓學(xué)生交流一下相關(guān)宇宙的發(fā)源的各種傳說，既有興趣性，又能調(diào)動學(xué)生的相關(guān)知識，激活學(xué)生的思想。Reading部分表達(dá)了地球上生命的發(fā)源。水的形成使得地球有別與其余星球，它使得地球上生命的出生成為可能?？茖W(xué)家以為，地球上的生命第一出生于水中，上百萬年后，陸地上才長出綠色植物，隨后出現(xiàn)了陸棲動物和水陸兩棲動物。最先的動物靠孵化繁衍后代，此后出現(xiàn)了哺乳動物，人類也隨之出生了。文章最后表達(dá)的現(xiàn)象振聾發(fā)聵：Theearthmaybecometoohotforthelivesonit.它關(guān)系到地球上生命的將來。Comprehending部分經(jīng)過四個選擇填空題檢測學(xué)生對本文核心問題的理解：地球上生命的發(fā)源和持續(xù)需要哪些條件?隨后經(jīng)過排序的方式幫助學(xué)生弄清本文的行文線索，也就是地球上生命的發(fā)源和發(fā)展歷程。最后提出兩個問題，觀察學(xué)生的深層理解和推測能力。LearningaboutLanguage部分第一經(jīng)過英文解說幫助理解課文中的生詞，而后，通很短文填空、詞語分類等形式將這些詞語用于一個相關(guān)的情境中。語法部分也是采納先發(fā)現(xiàn)后應(yīng)用的學(xué)習(xí)方法。先經(jīng)過到課文中找句子，讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識主語從句，而后，設(shè)置一個用手機(jī)發(fā)短信息的情境，讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行簡單句與主語從句之間的變換練習(xí)。最后設(shè)置情境來復(fù)習(xí)第三單元出現(xiàn)的表語從句。UsingLanguage部分綜合訓(xùn)練聽聞讀寫的能力。聽力部分的內(nèi)容介紹三位科學(xué)巨匠，不但經(jīng)過聽力填表的形式訓(xùn)練學(xué)生捕獲細(xì)節(jié)的能力，還經(jīng)過四選一的形式幫助學(xué)生找主題思想。在解說對與錯的過程中，教師可以合適地介紹一下概括主題的方法。閱讀部分是一個科幻小故事，經(jīng)過“我”和“我的朋友”乘宇宙飛船登月球的經(jīng)歷，介紹了重量、失重和地球引力等科學(xué)道理。說和寫部分以Visitingthemoon為話題，要修業(yè)生談?wù)摰窃虑蛐枰獢y帶的物件和在月球上可能遇到的困難，并要修業(yè)生找出戰(zhàn)勝這些困難的方法。教師可以依據(jù)課本上的提示，向?qū)W生介紹“先分述后總結(jié)”的寫作方法。提出問題的解決方案時，要修業(yè)生采納合適的“指示”用語。教1.將WarmingUp，Pre-reading，Reading與Comprehending整合在一起上一材節(jié)“閱讀課”。重2.將LearningaboutLanguage和Workbook的usingwordsandexpressions組及usingstructures整合在一起上一節(jié)“語言學(xué)習(xí)課”。將UsingLanguage設(shè)計為一節(jié)包含聽聞讀寫在內(nèi)的“綜合技術(shù)課（一）”。將Workbook的READINGANDLISTENING和TALKING結(jié)合在一起上一節(jié)“聽聞?wù)n”。將Workbook的LISTENINGTASK，READINGANDWRITINGTASK和SPEAKINGTASK設(shè)計為一節(jié)“綜合技術(shù)課（二）”。課1stPeriodReading時2ndPeriodLanguagestudy分3rdPeriodIntegratingskills(th配4PeriodListeningandSpeaking

Ⅰ)5thPeriodIntegratingskills(Ⅱ)Part1:TeachingDesign(第一部分：教課方案)Period1:Asamplelessonplanforreading(HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH)AimsTodevelopthestudents’readingabilityTolearnsomethingaboutastronomyProceduresI.WarmingupbylearningvocabularyGoodmorning,class!Today,waregoingtotakeUnit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars.Beforewereadthetext,let’sturntopage99andgetfamiliarizedwiththevocabularyfirst.Payattentiontothemakingoftheword.Studytheprefixes,rootsandsuffixesinthewords.AstronautYangLiweiII.Pre-reading1.LookingandsayingHaveyoueverwonderedhowtheuniversebegan?WellI'msureyoumayhavemanyanswerstothisquestion,butIhaveonethatperhaps,youmaynothaveheardofyet.Iwillbegivingyoumytheoryonthissubject.Nowlookatthescreenandlistentometellingyousomethingexciting.科學(xué)家流露：宇宙可能有兩個我們的宇宙和一個"隱蔽的"宇宙共同"鑲嵌"在"五維空間"中。在我們的宇宙早期，這兩個宇宙發(fā)生了一次相撞事故，相撞產(chǎn)生的能量生成了我們宇宙中的物質(zhì)和能量。2.TalkingandsharingDoyouknowhowtheuniversebegan?Inthe1920sinCalifornia,astronomerEdwinHubbleobserveddistantgalaxiesusinganextremelypowerfultelescope.Hemadetwomind-boggling(unbelievable)discoveries.First,HubblefiguredoutthattheMilkyWayisn’ttheonlygalaxy.Herealizedthatfaint,cloud-likeobjectsinthenightskyareactuallyothergalaxiesfar,faraway.TheMilkyWayisjustoneofbillionsofgalaxies.Second,Hubblediscoveredthatthegalaxiesareconstantlymovingawayfromeachother.Inotherwords,theuniverseisexpanding.Thebiggestthingthatweknowaboutisgettingbiggerallthetime.Afewyearslater,BelgianastronomerGeorgesLema?treusedHubble‘samazingdiscoveriestosuggestananswertoabigastronomyquestion:“Howdidtheuniversebegin?”III.Reading1.ListeningandreadingaloudNowpleaselistentotherecordingandthenreadthetextaloud.Payattentiontohowthenativespeakerisreadingalongandwherethepausesarewithineachsentence.Iwillplaythetapetwiceandyoushallreadaloudtwice,too.2.ReadingandunderliningNextyouaretoreadandunderlinealltheusefulexpressionsorcollocationsinthepassage.Copythemintoyournotebookafterclassashomework.CollocationsfromHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHacloudofenergeticdust,combineinto,movearoundthesun,becomeviolent,thesolidsurface,explodeloudly,intime,producethewatervapor,maketheearth’satmosphere,cooldown,onthesurface,bedifferentfrom,goroundthesun,disappearfrom,stayon,showone’squality,dissolveharmfulgases,becomepartof,developlife,growinthewater,fillwith,encouragethedevelopmentof,millionsofyearslater,liveonland,liveinthesea,growintoforests,produceyoung,layeggs,animalswithhandsandfeet,spreadallovertheearth,developnewmethods,growfood,movearound,goby,takecareof,putinto,preventfrom,escapefrominto,becomehot,dependon.,solveaproblem3.ReadingandunderstandingdifficultsentencesSkimthetextandidentifythedifficultsentencesofeachparagraph.Youmayputyourhandupifyouhaveanyquestions.4.ReadingandtransferringinformationReadthetextagaintocompletethetablebelow,HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHWhatwastheearthlikeafterthe“BigBang”?Whywastheearthdifferent?Howwaslifedevelopedonearth?Whatdidsmallcleveranimalsdo?5.ReadingandtranslatingAsyouhavereadthetexttimes,youcansurelyputitintoChinese.WangHongqin,willyoubethefirsttohaveatry,ofputtingthefirstparagraphintoChinese.IV.ClosingdownClosingdownbydoingexercisesToendthelessonyouaretodothecomprehendingexercises2and3onpages26and27.Closingdownbyhavingadiscussion—HowDidtheUniverseBegin?Thereareonlythreepossibleanswerstothisquestion.1．Itwascreatedbysomethinglargerthanitselfsincethefirstlawofthermodynamics(熱力學(xué))saysthatenergycannotbecreated,onlychanged.Theuniversehadtobecreatedbysomethingoutsideitself,becauseofthesamelaw.Wealsoknowthatmancouldnothavecreatedit.2．Itwasbegunbychance(oraccident);or3．Theanswerisnotsure.Shownthisway,thequestionis:AdditionalMaterialsCompletethesummaryofthestorywithonewordineachblank.HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHAfterthe“BigBang”camea1ofenergeticdust,theearth.Dustcombinedintoaball,moving2thesun.Theearthbecameviolent.Thenit3loudly.Intime,thewatervaporwasproduced,makingtheearth’satmosphere4down.Waterthenappearedonthe5.Theearthwastobedifferentfromotherplanetsgoingroundthe6.Waterdisappearedfromotherplanets.Butitstayedon7.Smallplantsbegandeveloping8thewater.Yearslatergreenplantscameinto9.Theairthenwas10withoxygen.Millionsofyearslater,small11animalswerefoundtobelivingonthe12,inthesea.Theyspreadallovertheearth,moving13theearth,puttingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmospherewhich14heatfromescapingfromearthintospace.Intheendtheearthmaybecometoohottolive15.Keys:1.cloud2.around3.exploded4.cool5.surface6.sun7.earth8.in9.being10.filled11.clever12.land13.around14.prevents15.upon）Comprehensionquestions1.Whatformstheearth’satmosphere?A.Carbondioxide,oxygen.B.Carbondioxide,oxygen,poisonousgas.Watervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogen.Watervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases.2.Canyoutellwhatisthe“specialqualities”oftheearthaccordingtothepassage?A.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.B.Theearthwassolidshapewhichwaslast.C.Thereareanimalsandhumanbeingsliveonit.D.Waterremainsonthesurfaceoftheearth.3.Whatkindoffactorimprovetheprogressoflife?A.Waterformsontheearth’ssurface.B.Greenplantsbegantoappearonland.Theairisfullofcarbondioxide.D.Animalsbegantoappearsuchasinsects,amphibians,est.4.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Ittellsushowdoeslifebegintoappearontheearth.B.Ittellsuswhydoesgreenplantsgrowbeforeanimals.C.Ittellsuswaterplaysanimportantroleinthedevelopmentoflife.D.Ittellsuscarbondioxideisthereasonwhylivingbeingswilldieinthefuture,5.Theauthorinfersusthatifwewanttothelifecontinueontheearth,whatshouldwedo?A.Weshouldproducemorecarbondioxidetocauseglobalwarming.B.Weshouldsolvetheproblemofglobalwarmingassoonaspossible.C.Weshouldbearlesspeopleandthinkaboutanewwaytogrowmorecrops.D.Weshouldbeworthyofwater.(Key:DDBAB)Notestosomedifficultsentences1.Afterthe“BigBang”theearthwasjustacloudofenergeticdust.跟著“轟隆”一聲巨響，地球就成為一個云團(tuán)，充滿著擁有能量的塵埃。BigBang(big-bangcosmology)大爆炸宇宙學(xué)。2.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.它（地球）巨大的爆炸噴出了烈火與巖石，最后產(chǎn)生了水蒸汽、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其余多種氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。intime:soonerorlater;eventually

早晚；最后。I’llseehimintime.總有一天我會遇到他。intime(forsth/todosth):notlate及時；不遲。Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.她來得及回來準(zhǔn)備晚餐。in/outoftime:in/notinthecorrecttime

合/不合節(jié)怕。Theaudienceclappedintimetothemusic.

觀眾合著音樂的節(jié)拍拍手。（sth）beto(do):(something)willdefinitely

happen,orit

musthappen不行防備要發(fā)生或一定發(fā)生。Theysaidgoodbye,littleknowingthattheywerenevertomeetagain.他們相互說了再會，幾乎不知道不再行能見面了。Sheistobehonoredforthisgreatwork.她（必定）會因這部著作而獲取榮譽(yù)。Mr.Clarksaidtohisdaughter,“Youaretobehomeby10o’clockatthelatest.”克拉克先生對他的女兒說：“你一定在10點(diǎn)以前到家?！?.Nobodyknewthatitwasgoingtobedifferentfromotherplanetsgoingroundthesun.誰也不知道地球會別于環(huán)繞太陽運(yùn)行的其余行星。sb/sth）bedifferentfrom:notlikesomeoneorsomethingelseinoneormoreways與不一樣。Citylifeisquitedifferentfromcountrylife.都市生活與鄉(xiāng)村生活是非常不一樣的。注意：（1）重申different時用very,much,quite,entirely,totally等詞。（2）有時，美語口語頂用than，英語口語頂用to來取代from。goingroundthesun為此刻分詞短語，作定語，表示一般的動作。比方：Menbreakingthelawwillbepunished.Menwhobreakthelawwillbepunished.違紀(jì)的人要受各處罰。此刻分詞短語作定語，也可以表示進(jìn)行的動作。比方：Canyouseethegirldancingwithyourboyfriend?Canyouseethegirlwhoisdancingwithherboyfriend?你能看見與男友跳舞的那個姑娘嗎？4.Itallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgases,whichhadbecomepartoftheearth’satmosphere,intotheoceansandseas.它使地球把以前存在于大氣層中的有害氣體溶解在海洋里。allowtodo同意某人做某事。如：Herparentswon’tallowhertostayoutlaterthan11:00intheevening.她父親母親不一樣意她夜晚在外逗留超出11點(diǎn)。PleaseallowmetoexplainthatIdidnothaveanyideaabouthisarrangement.請同意我解說，我早先不知道他的安排。但要注意：“允許做某事”應(yīng)該是

allowdoing

不是allowtodo

。如：Theyshouldn

’tallowparkinginthisstreet.It

’stoonarrow.

他們不應(yīng)該同意在這條街上泊車，街道太窄了。Walkingonthegrassisnotallowed.不準(zhǔn)踩踏草坪。5.Thisencouragedthedevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.這為初期貝類及其余各種魚類的發(fā)育進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)立了條件。encourage鼓舞；促進(jìn)；鼓動Fatherencouragedhimtostudyphysicsbutheprefersmaths.父親鼓舞他學(xué)物理，但他更喜愛數(shù)學(xué)。Heencouragedmetolearndancing.他鼓舞我去學(xué)跳舞。名詞后綴-ment加在動詞以后表示：行為，比方：argument,betterment,development,treatment.結(jié)果，比方：arrangement,statement,settlement.工具，比方：instrument,pavement.6.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.它們一般是經(jīng)過孵蛋而繁衍后代的。bydoing

用于說明做某事的手段，方式。如：Idon

’tthinkshecanhelphimbyjustgivinghimmoney.

我以為她光靠給錢是幫不了他的。Heusedtomakehislivingbypainting.他以前是靠畫畫為生。7.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.

他們把過多的二氧化碳開釋到大氣層中，這使得地球上的熱不可以開釋到太空中去。preventfromdoing阻擋某人做某事。如：Hishearttroubledidnotpreventhim(from)goingtoclassthenextday.他的心臟病痛沒能阻擋他第二天去上課。Nothingcanpreventtheirplans(from)beingcarriedout.什么也不可以阻止他們的計劃得以實(shí)行。8.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.

在將來的數(shù)百萬年中，生命能否在地球上持續(xù)取決于這個問題能否獲取解決。(sth)dependon(sthelse):somethingmightonlyhappenorbetrueifthecircumstancesarerightforit

取決于；決定于。如：“Willyougofishingthisafternoon?

”“Well,italldependsontheweather.”“你今日下午去垂釣嗎？”“得看天氣?！眆ormillionsofyearstocome中不定式tocome作定語，與前面的名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，比方：Sheisthelastpersontodosuchathing.

她是最不像做這類事的人?！靖呖兼溄印恐髡Z從句一、由what（whatever，whoever）等代詞指引的主語從句。Whattheyareafterismoney.他們追求的是金錢。Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.

這里說的話都應(yīng)該保密。二、由連詞

that

指引的主語從句。此中

that

一般不行省略，但若用

it

作形式主語，

that

從句后置時，則可省略。為防備虎頭蛇尾，我們偏向用

it

開頭，后接be，seem等。假如句子是疑問形式，就只好用帶it的結(jié)構(gòu)。Thatmoneydoesn'tgrowontreesshouldbeobvious.金錢不可以從樹上長出來是不言而喻的。Itisobvious（that）moneydoesn'tgrowontrees.不言而喻，金錢是不可以從樹上長出來的。Hasitbeenannouncedwhentheplanesaretotakeoff？飛機(jī)什么時候起飛宣告了沒有？注意：1）采納what還是用that指引主語從句要依據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中能否擔(dān)當(dāng)作分而定。且what（以及whatever，whoever等）指