小升初語法一般現在時態(tài)及小升初英語語法大全

小升初語法一般現在時態(tài)一、一般現在時的定義一般現在時表示現在經常反復發(fā)生的動作，存在的狀態(tài)或習慣性的動作的時態(tài)。二、一般現在時的結構一般現在時用行為動詞的原形，但第三人稱單數作主語時，動詞的詞尾要加-s或-es?，F在以連系動詞be和行為動詞read為例，對一般現在時的肯定句、否定句、疑問句及其簡略答語的構成以表格形式加以說明：動詞肯定句否定句beIam…Iamnot…You/We/Theyare…You/We/Theyarenot…He/She/Itis...He/She/Itisnot…readI/We/You/Theyread…I/We/You/They/donotread…He/She/Itreads…He/She/Itdoesnotread…動詞疑問句簡略答語（肯定）簡略答語（否定）beAmI…?Yes,youare.No,youarenot.Areyou…?Yes,Iam/weare.No,Iam/wearenot.Arewe…?Yes,we/youare.No,we/youarenot.Arethey…?Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.Ishe…?Yes,heis.No,heisnot.Isshe…?Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.Isit…?Yes,itis.No,itisnot.readDoI/we/theyread…?Yes,you/we/theydo.No,you/we/theydonot.Doeshe/she/itread…?Yes,he/she/itdoes.No,he/she/itdoesnot.連系動詞be的各種形式常與代詞或not縮寫成一個詞。助動詞do，does一般只有與not縮寫。聯系動詞be縮寫形式如下肯定縮寫否定縮寫IamI’mIamnotI’mnotYouareYou’reYouarenotYou’renot/Youaren’tHeisHe’sHeisnotHe’snot/Heisn’tSheisShe’sSheisnotShe’snot/Sheisn’tItisIt’sItisnotIt’snot/Itisn’tWeareWe’reWearenotWe’renot/Wearen’tTheyareThey’reTheyarenotThey’renot/Theyaren’t動詞donot的縮寫形式為don’t，doesnot的縮寫形式為doesn’t。動詞加-s或-es（動詞第三人稱單數）當主語是第三人稱單數時，謂語動詞需加-s或-es一般在詞尾加–s例：work—worksleaveleavesswimswims以字母s，x，ch，sh或o結尾的詞加-es例：passpassesfixfixesteachteachesdodoes以輔音字母加y結尾的詞，先變y為i再加-es例：studystudiescarrycarriesflyfliescrycries一般現在時的用法表示經?；蛄晳T性的動作。常與often（經常）,always（總是）,sometimes（有時）,everyday（每天）,onSundays/Mondays等表示頻度的時間狀語連用。一般現在時的時間狀語有：today,often,sometimes,always,usually,everyday(week,month,year,…),thisyear,onceaweek(month,year,…)一周（月，年）一次例句：Igetupat6o’clockeveryday.Heoftengoestoschoolbybike.表示客觀事實，普遍真理。例句：Twoandtwoisfour.二加二等于四。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽轉。一般現在時態(tài)專項練習寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數形式posteatstopjumpgolikevisitpassrisereadridehavegivewriteswimstudywatchflyteachdo單項選擇()1._____youhaveabook?ADoB.AreC.IsD.Have()2.DoesLiLeiliketowatchTV?______________.A.Yes,helike.B.No,hedoesn’t.C.Yes,he’dlike.D.No,helikes.()3.Shedoesn’t______herhomeworkintheafternoon.A.doingB.todoC.doesD.do()4.How____Mr.Smith______toEngland?A.do,goB.is,goC.does,goD.does,goes()5._____she______homeatsixeveryday?A.Is,leaveB.Does,leaveC.Is,leavesD.Does,left用下列動詞的適當形式填空1.I______(get)upat6o’clockeveryday.2.Myfather______(have)alovelydog.3.He______(go)toschoolonfoot.4.She______(do)notlikewatchingTV.5.They______(play)footballeverySundayafternoon.按要求完成下列各題1.TomorrowisSaturday.(變成一般疑問句)_________________Saturday?2.Doesheplaybasketballeveryweekend?(肯定回答)Yes,_____________.3.Shelookslikehersister.(變一般疑問句)_____she______likehersister?4.PeterandSamlookthesame.(一般疑問句)______they_____thesame?5.Dotheyalwaysgotothemovie(電影院)onSundays?(否定回答)No,______________.五、英漢互譯Tom經常放學后（afterschool）踢足球。__________________________________我喜歡唱歌。__________________________________Heoftengoestoschoolonfoot.__________________________________Childrenliketoplaythisgame.__________________________________今天是星期日。__________________________________能力測試卷（一般現在時）寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數形式gohaveswimstudyrisestopdoridecrygowriteflyplayreadcomebuygivewatchworkcarry用動詞的適當形式填空He_______(go)toschoolonfoot.She_______notlikewatchingTV.(do)Myfather_______(have)alovelydog.Ioften______(get)upatsixeverymorning.Mymother_______(work)inaschool.英漢互譯他經常在周六的時候讀英語。_____________________________Peter每天都幫助媽媽做家務。______________________________Tomalwaysplaysfootballafterschool.____________________4．Igetupatsixo’clockeveryday._______________________________5.Thecoatfits(適合)meverywell._______________________________小升初語法現在進行時態(tài)現在進行時的定義現在進行時是表示在現在某一時刻或某段時間正在進行的動作的時態(tài)?，F在進行時的構成現在進行時由“系動詞（am，is，are）+現在分詞（動詞加-ing形式）”構成?，F在以動詞work為例，對現在進行時的肯定句、否定句、疑問句及簡略答語列表說明：肯定句否定句Iamworking.Iamnotworking.Youareworking.Youarenotworking.He/She/Itisworking.He/She/Itisnotworking.We/You/Theyareworking.We/You/Theyarenotworking.疑問句簡略答語AmIworking?Yes,youare.No,youarenot.Areweworking?Yes,we/youare.No,we/youaren’t.Areyouworking?Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Yes,weare.No,wearenot.Ishe/sheitworking?Yes,he/she/itis.No,he/she/itisnot.Aretheyworking?Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.現在分詞的構成一般在動詞原形末尾加-ing。staystayingdodoinglistenlistening以不發(fā)音的字母e結尾的動詞，先去掉e，再加-ing。makemakingrideridinggivegiving以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ing。putputtingsitsittingrunrunning以ie為重讀音節(jié)結尾的單詞，先去掉e，把i變?yōu)閥，再加–ing。lielyingdiedying現在進行時的用法表示現在或說話時正在進行的動作，常和下列時間狀語連用：now,atthismoment,atpresent,thesedays(years),thisterm…有時也與look,listen等連用。例句：Look,whatarethemonkeyseating?看，那些猴子在吃什么？表示當前一直或反復在進行的動作或難以終止的動作。例句：Theyarerunningandjumpingallthetime.他們一直在跑啊跳啊?，F在進行時態(tài)專項練習寫出下列動詞的現在分詞形式stay__________do__________listen__________suffer__________refuse__________close__________operate_________die_________work________spend_________look_________make__________put__________sit__________run__________tie__________take_________give_________ride_________please_________win_________begin_________open_________lie_________用所給動詞的適當形式填空MaryandLucyare________(dance)now.Listen!Someoneis_______(play)thepianointhenextroom.Heis__________(sweep)theflooratthemoment.Look!Thecat________________(eat)thefishonthetable.A:______you_______(study)French?B:Yes,Iam.Sheoften____________(dance)afterschool.Myfatherandmother____________(swim)inthepond.Mysisteris________(fly)akiteinthegarden.Weare__________(watch)TVnow.Bequiet!Thebaby___________(sleep)now.改錯Wearecleanningourclassroom.______________________________Sheissinginthenextroom.______________________________Whatamyoudoing?______________________________MaryiscomeingbackfromBeijing.______________________________HeoftenflyingkitesonSundays.______________________________Theyisreadingbooksnow.______________________________Mybrotherisplaystheguitarnow._______________________________Sallyisdanceingintheroom._______________________________IwatchingTVathomenow.________________________________Doyoulisteningtheradionow?________________________________英漢互譯他正在教室里做作業(yè)。____________________________WearereadingEnglishnow._________________________Peter和Billy正在操場上（intheplayground）打籃球。___________________________Look!Abirdisflyinginthesky._________________________公共汽車來了。___________________________劉先生經常在周日的時候（onSundays）看英語書。______________________________________________Heisn’tplayinggames.Heisstudying.______________________________________________孩子們在摘（pick）蘋果。___________________________Thatsonofyoursisalwaysmakingtroubles(搗亂).______________________________________________10.你們正在做什么?_____________________________能力測試卷（現在進行時態(tài)）寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數形式及現在分詞形式play________________sit________________do________________stop________________put________________swim________________skate________________dance________________fly________________lie________________二、用動詞的適當形式填空1.Iam__________(watch)TVnow.He______________(play)intheclassroomnow.Sheoften__________(dance)afterschool.Mysisteris________(fly)akiteinthepark.Myparents(父母)________(swim)inthepond.三、改錯1.IwatchingTVathomenow.____________________________2.Myfatherisplaysthepiano.____________________________HeoftenflyingkitesonSundays.____________________________Theyisreadingbooks._____________________________Sheisdancingintheroom._____________________________英漢互譯1．Billy正在教室里做作業(yè)。________________________________________MymotheralwayscleansthehouseonSaturdays._________________你正在做什么？_________________________________________他們沒有踢足球，他們在打籃球。_____________________________Thebusiscoming.______________________________小升初語法句型之肯定句和否定句一、陳述句定義：凡是說明一件事情，提出一個看法，或是表達一種心情的句子都是陳述句。大多數的句子都是陳述句，陳述句可以用肯定式和否定式?？隙ň渥兎穸ň淇隙ň渥兎穸ň渚褪羌觧otno或表示否定的詞英語的句子重要取決于動詞而動詞又有時態(tài)的變化因此在不同的時態(tài)的句子中的位置不同。時態(tài)具體句型句子構成一般現在時動詞做謂語主語+be(am/is/are)+not+其他+.實意動詞做謂語主語+don’t/doesn’t+其他+.情態(tài)動詞+實義動詞主語+情態(tài)動詞+not+動詞原形+其他+.現在進行時動詞做謂語主語+be動詞(am/is/are)+現在分詞+其他+.陳述句練習把下列陳述句變成否定句。1.MyfatherwatchesTVeveryday.Myfather_________TVeveryday.2.Kateoftendoesherhomeworkatsix.Kate__often___herhomeworkatsix.3.Igotoschoolatseven.I_______toschoolatseven.4.Sheusuallygoeshomebybus.She____usually____homebybus.5.Theyaregoodstudents.They________goodstudents.6.Heisclever.He________clever.7.Hehassomebreadforbreakfasteverymorning.He____________breadforbreakfasteverymorning.8.Ioftendrinksometeaintheafternoon.I___often________teaintheafternoon.9.Hehassomeeggs.He____________eg10.Kimlikeshisnewbike.Kim________hisnewbike小升初語法之疑問句疑問句是用來提出問題的，疑問句又包括：一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、反義疑問句和選擇疑問句。一、一般疑問句：1.一般疑問句又可以叫做yes/no句型，需要用yes或no來回答。2.一般疑問句的基本結構：be動詞（am,is,are）+主語+表語？情態(tài)動詞（can,may,must…）+主語+行為動詞（或be）?助動詞(do,does)+主語+行為動詞？助動詞（shall,will,have,has…）+主語+行為動詞（或be）?3.變一般疑問句的方法：（一調，二變，三問號）Be動詞型一般疑問句：原句問句回答Iamagirl.Areyouagirl?Yes,Iam/No,I’mnotSheismyfriend.Issheyourfriend?Yes,sheis/No,sheisn’tHeisastudent.Isheastudent?Yes,heis/No,heisn’tWearehome.Areyouhome?Yes,weare/No,wearen’tThisismybook.Isthisyourbook?Yes,itis/No,itisn’tTheyaregoodfriends.Aretheyyourgoodfriends?Yes,theyare/No,theyaren’t情態(tài)動詞型一般疑問句：原句問句回答Icandraw.Canyoudraw?Yes,Ican/No,Ican’t.Shecanswim.Cansheswim?Yes,shecan/No,shecan’tHecanrideabike.Canherideabike?Yes,hecan/No,hecan’tWewillgetthere.Willyougethere?Yes,wewill/No,wewon’tItcantalk.Canittalk?Yes,itcan/No,itcan’t助動詞型一般疑問句：原句問句回答Ilikeswimming.Doyoulikeswimming?Yes,Ido/No,Idon’tShedanceswell.Doesshedancewell?Yes,shedoes/No,shedoesn’tHehasasister.Doeshehaveasister?Yes,hedoes/No,hedoesn’tWecookdinner.Doyoucookdinner?Yes,wedo/No,wedon’tItworkswell.Doesitwork?Yes,itdoes/No,itdoesn’tTheybecomegoodfriendsDotheybecomegoodfriends?Yes,theydo/No,theydon’t其它在句中要變換的詞有some→any,am→are二、特殊疑問句：以疑問代詞what,who(whom),whose,which或疑問副詞when,where,how,why放在句首提問的句子叫做特殊疑問句，答語只要針對問句中的疑問代詞或疑問副詞來回答，不用yes或no。1.疑問詞+一般疑問句（疑問詞作賓語、表語、狀語或定語）。Whatdoyouwant?你要什么？WhendoyouhaveEnglishclass?你們什么時候有英語課？Whosecoatisthis?這是誰的大衣？Howdidheknowit?他是怎么知道它的？Whydidyousaythis?你為什么要這么說？Whichisyourumbrella?哪個是你的雨傘？Wherewerethesebusesmade?這些巴士是哪兒制造的？2.疑問代詞作主語或作主語的定語時，詞序與陳述句相同：疑問代詞（+名詞）+謂語。WhoteachesyourbrotherJapanese?誰教你弟弟日語？Whatisintheboxonthetable?桌上那個盒子里裝的是什么？Whosehandwritingisthebestinyourclass?你們班里誰的書法最好？*疑問代詞：who:主語、賓語、表語、用來提問表示“人”的各種成分。whose:用來提問“誰的”。which:用來提問“哪一個/位”。what:提問表示“干什么”等意思*疑問副詞：when:提問在何時。where:提問在何地why:提問表示原因的短語或句子how:提問表示程度或方式的副詞或短語*由疑問詞how構成的短語引導的問句howold(表示年齡)多大了,howlong（表示時間或物體的長短）有多長,howmany+復數名詞表示多少,howmuch+不可數名詞表示多少,howfar（表示距離）多遠疑問句專項練習按要求改寫句子，每空格限填一詞。1.It’salargeroom.(改為復數形式)_____________largerooms.2.Hehastobuyadictionaryforhisdaughter.(改為否定句)He______________tobuyadictionaryforhisdaughter.3.UncleWanglikesmakingthings.(改為否定句)UncleWang______________makingthings.4.Annreturnedthebooktothelibraryyesterday.(改寫為一般疑問句)______Ann_______thebooktothelibraryyesterday?.5.Thehospitalisabout300metersaway.(就劃線部分提問)_______________isthehospital?6.Therearefifty-twostudentsinourclass.(就劃線部分提問)______________studentsarethereinyourclass?7.Iwritetomymotheronceaweek.(就劃線部分提問)____________doyouwritetoyourmother?8.Hehasthreepens.(就劃線部分提問)______________pensdoeshehave?9.Sheistenyearsold.(就劃線部分提問)_______________isshe?10.Theyhaveaclassmeetingeveryotherweek.(改為否定句)They______________aclassmeetingeveryotherweek.11.Shehasdinnerwithhergrandparentsonceaweek.（改為一般疑問句）______she_______dinnerwithhergrandparentsonceaweek?12.Thiskindofcoldcomesandgoesveryquickly.（改為一般疑問句）_______thiskindofcold______and______veryquickly?13.Hespentawholemorningcleaningtheroom.（就劃線部分提問）__________________he______cleaningtheroom.14.Mybrotherhaslunchattheschooleveryday.（改為一般疑問句）________yourbrother________lunchattheschooleveryday?15.Putthebookonthedesk.（否定句）____________thebookonthedesk.16.Hisbikewasboughtyesterday.（就劃線部分提問）_____________wasboughtyesterday?17.Shedoesmorningexerciseseveryday.(否定句)She______________morningexerciseseveryday.18.Mymotherisverywell.(就劃線部分提問)_______isyourmother?19.Shehastostayathome.(改為一般疑問句)_______she_______tostayathome.20.Tomhaslunchatschooleveryday.(改為一般疑問句)小升初語法句型之祈使句一、祈使句：用來表示下達命令、提出要求、建議和勸告的句子。說話的對象通常是第二人稱you,習慣上常省略。祈使句的肯定句謂語動詞用原形，否定句一般用don’t,never開始。1．肯定祈使句句型1：動詞let+第一、三人稱賓格代詞+V.例句：Let’sgotoschool.讓我們去上學吧。Letmetry.讓我試一試。Lethimcomeupstairs.讓他上樓吧。句型2：動詞+其他部分例句：Pleaseopenthedoor.請開門。Turntopagetwo.請將書翻到第二頁。Listentome.請聽我講。Stoptalking.別說話。二、否定祈使句（一般在句首加Don’t.）1．Climbthetree,please.請爬樹。（肯定句）Don’tclimbthetree!不要爬樹。（否定句）2．Openthedoor.打開門。（肯定句）Don’topenthedoor.不要開門。（否定句）三、陳述句變祈使句1．Youcan’tmakefacesinclass.你不能在課堂上做鬼臉。Don’tmakefacesinclass.不要在課堂上做鬼臉。2．Youcan’treadinbed.你不要在床上看書。Don’treadinbed.不要在床上看書。祈使句專項訓練連詞成句并改寫成否定句。on\walk\the\grass______________________________________________________________________2.ride\a\here\bike_______________________________________________________________________________二、按要求改寫下列句子1．Shelikesplayingbasketballafterschool.(否定句)_________________________________________________2.Hedidhishomeworkyesterdayevening.(一般疑問句)_________________________________________________3.Tomwrotealettertohismotheryesterday.(否定句)_________________________________________________4.Mymothercanmakekites.(一般疑問句)_________________________________________________5.Therearesomedictionariesonthedesk.(否定句)______________________________________________小升初語法句型therebe與have\has句型“Therebe”句型“Therebe+某（些）人或物+某地（或某時）”是指“某地（時）存在某人（或某物）”。謂語be必須在數上和主語保持一致。如果主語中既有單數又有復數，be的形式變化與它最近的主語相一致。（一）結構Therebe(is\are)+某……Thereis+=1\*GB3①可數名詞單數=2\*GB3②不可數名詞2）Thereare+可數名詞復數（二）用法肯定句：Thereis\are+_________.否定句：Thereis\are+not____________一般疑問句：Is\Are+there…?Yes,thereis\are.No,thereis\arenot.（三）Therebe句型中的be與離它最近的名詞有關。例，Thereisanappleandtwopearsonthetable.Therearetwopearsandanappleonthetable.二、have\has句型是指某人有某物(表示所有、擁有關系)I\We\You\They\人名（復數）\事物（復數）+have…He\She\It\人名（單數）\事物（單數）+has…句型專項練習題用“have,therebe”的適當形式填空He_________alotoffriends.__________________fourseasonsinayear.She_________sevensons.__________________anymilkinthecup?Beijing________manyuniversities.We_______alotofworktodo.__________________abookandtwopensonthetable.They______manybeautifulflowers.__________________threepencilsandarulerinthepencil-box.Myfather________aredcar.用適當的詞填空Heoften_______up________sixo’clock_______themorning.What’swrong________yourmother?Marycan________akite.There_______anappleandthreebananasinthebag.三、選擇填空1.There_____twoknivesinthepencil–box.A.areB.isC.beD.am2.Howmanycounties_____inEurope?isitB.isthereC.aretheyD.arethere3.Look!There____someapplesinthattree.isB.areC.beD.am4.There____somechildrenplayingontheplayground.isB.areC.hasD.have5.-Arethereanyfishinthelakenow?-No.____anywaterinitinwinter.Thereisn’tB.Therearen’tC.Itisn’tD.Theyaren’t6.There____anappletreeneartheriver.AmB.areC.isD.be7._____thereanygoodnewsintoday’snewspaper?AreB.IsC.HaveD.Has8.There_____abananaandtenpearsinthebasket.AreB.isC.hasD.have9.There_____someorangesonthetable.areB.isC.amD.be小升初英語語法大全一、名詞表示某一事物，有具體的和抽象的之分。分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。強調：不可數名詞都默認為單數，所以總是用is或者was；最好不要根據some、any、alotof等詞去作判斷，以免受誤導。1、可數名詞如何變―復數形式‖：a．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds；讀音：清輔音后讀[s]，濁輔音和元音后讀[z]。b．以s.x.sh.ch結尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches；讀音：[iz]。c．以―輔音字母+y‖結尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries；讀音：[z]。d．以―f或fe‖結尾，變f或fe為v,再加-es，如：knife-knives，thief-thieves；讀音：[z]。e．以―o‖結尾的詞，分兩種情況1）有生命的+es讀音：[z]如：mango-mangoestomato-tomatoeshero-heroes2)無生命的+s讀音：[z]如：photo-photosradio-radiosf.不規(guī)則名詞復數：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese2、不可數名詞沒有復數。如果要計算不可數名詞所表達的數量，就得在數詞和不可數名詞之間加上―量詞+of‖。例如：aglassofwater,apieceofpaper,abottleofjuice判斷步驟：↗如是am、is或was→原形讀句子→讀該單詞→認識該單詞→理解意思→看be動詞

↘如是are或were→加s或es練一練：1、寫出下列各詞的復數。I_________him_________this_______her______watch_______mango_______child_______photo________diary______day________foot________dress________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____thief_______engineer______peach______sandwich______man______woman_______leaf_______people________2、用所給名詞的正確形式填空。（1）Aretheretwo————(box)onthetable?（2）Icanseesome————(people)inthecinema.（3）Howmany(day)arethereinaweek?（4）Here’refive(bottle)of(juice)foryou.（5）This—————(violin)ishers.Those————(grape)areoverthere.二、冠詞冠詞是一種虛詞，不能獨立使用，通常放在名詞的前面，分為―不定冠詞‖和―定冠詞‖兩種。1、不定冠詞：a、an。用在單數名詞前，表示―一個，一件……‖。an用在以元音―音素‖開頭的單詞前。如：ane-mail,anorange,anoldman,anEnglishwatch,anhour…2、定冠詞：the。用在單數或者復數名詞前。the沒有具體意思，有時翻譯為這、那。它的基本用法：（1）用來表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：Themaponthewallisnew.（2）表示說話者雙方都知道的人或事物。如：Lookatthepicture,please.（3）表示再次提到前面談過的人或事物。如：Thisisastamp.Thestampisbeautiful.（4）用在表示世界上獨一無二的事物前。如：thesun太陽themoon月亮theearth地球（5）用在由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前。如：theGreatWall長城（6）用在江河、湖海等專有名詞前。如：theChangjiangRiver長江（7）此外，序數詞、形容詞最高級、樂器名稱等詞前面和一些習慣用語中一般都用定冠詞the。如：thefirstday,thebestboy,playthepiano,inthesameclass確定用a、an還是the時可根據漢語意思。練一練：1、用a或an填空。____―U‖____ice-cream____goalkeeper____teapot____apple____office____Englishbook____umbrella____unit____hour2、根據需要，填寫冠詞a，an或the。（1）Whois____girlbehind____tree?（2）____oldmanhastwochildren,____sonand____daughter.（3）Thisis____orange.____orangeisLucy’s.（4）Helikesplaying____guitar.Wehave____samehobby.（5）Weallhad____goodtimelastSunday.（6）Shewantstobe____doctor.三，數詞我們學過兩類：基數詞和序數詞。基數用于表示數量多少，而基數詞用于表示次序，常在日期中出現。區(qū)別：基數詞前面沒有―the‖；序數詞前一定要有―the‖。1、超過二十以上的兩位數需要在個位和十位之間加上―-‖。如：21twenty-one2、三位數以上的則需要在百位數后再加上and。如：101a/onehundredandone3、用基數詞來修飾可數名詞時，一定別忘了它的復數形式。如：十八個男孩eighteenboys4、用基數詞修飾不可數名詞時，如是復數，變它的量詞為復數。如：兩碗米飯twobowlsofrice5、序數詞一般加―th‖，特殊的有：first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth…―第幾十幾‖：前面整十不變，后面―幾‖改為序數詞。如：88eighty-eighth練一練：1、請翻譯下列短語。（1）60名學生（2）15本英語書（3）九杯涼水（4）4個孩子（5）12月31（6）6月2日（7）第九周（8）40年前（9）11+7（10）上學第一天2、把下列基數詞改成序數詞。onetwothreeninefourteentwentythirty-fiveeighty-one四、代詞代詞有兩種：人稱代詞和物主代詞。1、人稱代詞分為：第一、第二、第三人稱，且有單復數之分。2、人稱代詞的主格在句中做主語，一般用在動詞前（疑問句除外）；賓格在句中做賓語，多用于動詞、介詞后。3、形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用，后面一定要跟名詞，表示該名詞是屬于誰的。4、名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如：Thisismybag.=Thisismine.Thatisherruler.=Thatishers.一般看后面有沒有名詞，如有，就用形容詞性物主代詞；如無，就用名詞性物主代詞。請牢記下表：單數復數人稱代詞主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代詞形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs練一練：1、按要求寫出相應人稱代詞。I（賓格）_______she（形容詞性物主代詞）_______we（名詞性物主代詞）_______he（復數）_______us（單數）_______theirs（主格）_______its（賓格）_______2、想一想，把下表補充完整。人稱代詞物主代詞單數復數單數復數主格賓格主格賓格形容詞性名詞性形容詞性名詞性第一人稱meusour第二人稱youyou第三人稱hethemhistheirheritits3、用所給詞的適當形式填空。1）Thatisnot_________kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_________isverybig.(I)2）Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.(she)3）Isthis_________watch?(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)4）_________ismybrother.________nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare_________.(he)5）_________dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare_________?(you)6）Show_________yourkite,OK?(they)7）Ihaveabeautifulcat._________nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_________.(it)8）Arethese________tickets?No,________arenot_________.________aren’there.(they)9）Shall_________havealookatthatclassroom?Thatis_________classroom.(we)10）_________ismyaunt.Doyouknow_________job?_________isanurse.(she)11）Whereare_________?Ican’tfind_________.Let’scall_________parents.(they)12）Don’ttouch_________._________isnotacat,_________isatiger!(it)13）_________sisterisill.Pleasegoandsee_________.(she)14）Thegirlbehind_________isourfriend.(she)五、形容詞、副詞1、形容詞表示某一事物或人的特征，副詞表示某一動作的特征。形容詞和副詞有三種形式：原形、比較級、最高級。比較級：+er最高級：the…+est兩個重要特征：as……as中間一定用原形，than的前面一定要+er。2、形容詞、副詞比較級的規(guī)則變化如下：（1）一般直接+er。如：tall-taller,fast-faster單音節(jié)詞如果以-e結尾，只加-r。如：late-later（2）重讀閉音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個輔音字母，須雙寫這個字母，再加-er。如：big-bigger,fat-fatter（3）以輔音字母加-y結尾的詞，變y為i，再加-er。如：heavy-heavier,early-earlier（4）雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞的比較級應在原級前加more構成。如：beautiful-morebeautiful,careful-morecareful,quietly-morequietly,interesting-moreinteresting（5）有些不規(guī)則變化的，須逐一加以記憶。如：good/well–better,bad/ill–worse,many/much–more,far–farther/further,old–older/elder…練一練：1、寫出下列形容詞、副詞的比較級。biggoodlongtalloldshortthinheavyyoungfatlightstronghighfarlowearlylatewellfastslow2、用括號內所給單詞的適當形式填空。1)Icanswimas_______(fast)asthefish,Ithink.2)Look!Hishandsare_______(big)thanmine.3)Ithinkyoudothesethings_______(well)thanyourclassmates.4)Whosebagis_______(heavy),yoursormine?5)DoesJimrunas_______（slow)asDavid?Yes,butMikeruns_______(slow)thanthem.6)Youhavesevenbooks,butIhave_______(many)thanyou.Ihaveten.7)Ijump_______(far)thansomeoftheboysinmyclass.8)I’mvery_______(thin),butshe’s_______(thin)thanme.9)Itgets_______and_______(warm)whenspringcomeshere.六、介詞1、一種虛詞。不能單獨作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的賓語一起構成介詞短語，才能在句子中起作用。有：in,on,under,with,behind,about,near,before,after,for,to,up,down,from,infrontof,outof,from…to…,atthebackof…2、表示時間的介詞有：at,on,in。（1）at表示―在某一個具體的時間點上‖，或用在固定詞組中。如：atteno’clock,at9:30a.m.,atnight,attheweekend…（2）on表示―在某日或某日的時間段‖。如：onFriday,onthefirstofOctober,onMondaymorning…（3）in表示―在某一段時間（月份、季節(jié)）里‖。如：intheafternoon,inSeptember,insummer,in2021…3、in一詞還有其他的固定搭配，如：inblue（穿著藍色的衣服），inEnglish（用英語表達），takepartin（參加）。練一練：1、選用括號內恰當的介詞填空。1)What’sthis_______(at,on,in)English?2)Christmasis_______(at,on,in)the25thofDecember.3)Theman_______(with,on,in)blackisSuHai’sfather.4)Hedoesn’tdowell_______(at,on,in)PE.5)Lookatthosebirds_______(on,in)thetree.6)Wearegoingtomeet_______(at,on,in)thebusstop_______(at,on,in)halfpastten.7)Isthereacat_______(under,behind,in)thedoor?8)Helen’swritingpaperis_______(in,infrontof)hercomputer.9)Welive_______(at,on,in)anewhousenow.10)Doesitoftenrain_______(at,on,in)springthere?2、圈出下列句子中運用不恰當的介詞，并將正確的答案寫在橫線上。1)JimisgoodinEnglishandMaths.2)Thefilmswereinthegroundjustnow.3)Theyaretalkingtotheirplans.4)HowmanystudentshavetheirbirthdaysonMay?5)Women’sDayisatthethirdofMarch.6)Icanjogtoschoolonthemorning.7)Didyouwatertreesatthefarm?8)CanyoucomeandhelpmeonmyEnglish?9)IusuallytakephotosinSundaymorning.10)WhatdidyoudoontheSpringFestival?七、動詞這里所說的動詞是指各種動詞總稱，其中包括be動詞、情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、行為動詞（就是我們平時總說的那種動詞）。動詞、名詞和形容詞不太容易區(qū)分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：先用―一（量詞）‖（如：一個、一張等）和這個詞連起來說，如說得通，一般認為是名詞；說不通再用―很‖去判斷，就是把―很‖和為個詞連起來說，說得通一般就是形容詞；都說不通就是動詞。（目前我們學過的，以后可能不同）（另外一些很明顯的，如人稱代詞、數詞、情態(tài)動詞等一下就可以知道）1、be動詞（am,is,are,was,were）1）am—was,is–was,are--were口訣：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它，所有復數全用are。2）肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Heis(not)ateacher.Sheis(not)inthediningroom.Myhairis(not)long.Hereyesare(not)small.3）一般疑問句AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.4）be動詞的否定形式：amnot（沒有縮寫形式），arenot=aren’t，isnot=isn’t。用恰當的be動詞填空。練一練：1、用be動詞的適當形式填空。1）I______aboy.______youaboy?No,I_____not.2）Thegirl______Jack'ssister.3）Thedog_______tallandfat.4）Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.5）______yourbrotherintheclassroom?6）How_______yourfather?7）MikeandLiuTao______atschool.8）Whosedress______this?9）Whosesocks______they?10）Who______I?11）Thejeans______onthedesk.12）Here______ascarfforyou.13）Here______somesweatersforyou.14）Theblackgloves______forSuYang.15）Thispairofgloves______forYangLing.16）Thetwocupsofmilk_____forme.17）Sometea______intheglass.18）Gaoshan'sshirt_______overthere.19）Mysister'sname______Nancy.20）______DavidandHelenfromEngland?21）There______agirlintheroom.22）There______someapplesonthetree.23）_______thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?24）There_______somebreadontheplate.25）You,heandI______fromChina.26）There_______aboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomeninthepark.2、助動詞（do,does,did）do,does用于一般現在時，其過去式did用于一般過去時。它們通常用在疑問句和否定句中。它們的否定形式：donot=don’t,does