2021屆新高考版高考英語一輪復習第3部分題型七概要寫作

題型七概要寫作Writing1 [2019浙江6月]高考真題閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。①Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.②JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,"We’vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict."③Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey’rebuildingtheirchildren’sconfidence,④when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.⑤Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem第一段為整個語篇的"起"，⑤表達了作者的真實意圖，即本段的主旨叮。。muchpraisecanmakekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakearisk."。①Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.②Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.③Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.第二段為第一段的"轉(zhuǎn)"，指出另一個極端的危害"Notgivingenoughpraisecanbedamaging."。①Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?②Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.③Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.④"Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoaj"saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear：LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.⑤"Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.第三段為前兩段的"承"，也是整個語篇的"合"，提出了作者的觀點"It'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.",即"Praiseshouldbefocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome."。①Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.②Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.③Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.④Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate（相稱的）totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.第四段為第三段的"承"，用例子支撐作者的觀點。本段主題句是④。寫作指導Para.1①作本段的"起"，描述現(xiàn)象；②作"承"，引入專家的觀點;③作"承"，分析出現(xiàn)該現(xiàn)象的原因;④作"轉(zhuǎn)"，引出作者的觀點;⑤作第一段的"合"，指出"Toomuchpraise"的后果。Para.2①作上一段的"承"和本段后文內(nèi)容的"起"指出不要走向另一個極端;②作"承"指出"Notgivingenoughpraise"的危害;③作"承"，分析其原因,且本句本身也呈現(xiàn)出因果關(guān)系。Para.3①作前兩段的"承"也作本段的"起"，起過渡作用;②是對上一句的回答，引出專家的觀點;③是對上一句的進一步解釋;④引用了專家的說法;⑤作本段的"合"，與②相呼應(yīng)。Para.4

①作上一段的"承"和本段第一個例子的"起";②作上一句的"轉(zhuǎn)"，呈現(xiàn)作者的真實意圖;③作前兩句的"承",是第二個例子;④作本段的"合"，對前面兩個例子進行總結(jié)，回歸主題。【命題分析】本篇閱讀材料是一篇典型的議論文。文章指出，父母對孩子的表揚要專注于孩子的努力過程而不是結(jié)果,其語言難度適中,表現(xiàn)出很好的區(qū)分度，體現(xiàn)了高考"立德樹人、服務(wù)選拔、導向教學’的命題原則。具體特點歸納如下：.語篇結(jié)構(gòu)特征：描述表揚孩子的現(xiàn)象一兩個極端｛過多的表揚一危害及原因過少的表揚一危害及原因描述表揚孩子的現(xiàn)象一兩個極端｛過多的表揚一危害及原因過少的表揚一危害及原因一正確的表揚一用例子支撐論點這種行文結(jié)構(gòu)是考生非常熟悉的議論文的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)，易于被廣大考生理解，體現(xiàn)了高考的基礎(chǔ)性和公平性原則。.段內(nèi)句群之間呈現(xiàn)出嚴謹?shù)囊蚬P(guān)系和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等,考生應(yīng)注意理II頁這些邏輯關(guān)系。.每一段都有長難句（畫線部分），考生只有抓住關(guān)鍵信息、充分運用語言能力，才能理解這些句子。【思路點撥】寫概要時，首先要注意每段的主題句和關(guān)鍵詞,通過詞匯替換、句式轉(zhuǎn)變等多種方式改寫要點，注意一定要用自己的語言，不可以完全照搬原文;然后，添加銜接詞，使各要點之間的銜接更順暢;最后要注意單詞拼寫不要出現(xiàn)錯誤，也要注意大小寫和標點符號，同時還要注意控制詞數(shù)，不要少于40或多于80。本文的要點可以歸納如下：要點L如今，父母總是給孩子相當多的贊揚，希望建立他們的自信心，但是這可能會產(chǎn)生相反的效果；要點2,父母對孩子表揚不夠同樣有損孩子的自信心；要點3,專家認為,父母應(yīng)該因為努力過程而贊揚孩子，而不是因為事情的結(jié)果；要點4,孩子如果很努力，確實值得被贊揚。總之，父母給孩子的贊揚的多少取決于孩子的努力程度。【范文展示】Nowadays,parentstendtoofferconsiderablepraisetotheirchildren,hopingtobuildtheirconfidence,butitmayproducetheoppositeeffect.（要點一）However,notenoughpraisefromparentsalsodoesharmtochildren’sself-confidence.（要點二）Therefore,expertsclaimthatsincerepraiseshouldbegivenfortheprocessnotfortheresult.（要點三）Meanwhile,kidsdodeservepraiseiftheymakegreateffort.Anyway,theamountofpraiseparentsgiveshoulddependonhowhardtheirkidswork.（要點四）【亮點點評】.范文準確把握了每一段的要點且各要點之間的邏輯關(guān)系清晰，行文順暢、連貫。.各要點之間使用了恰當?shù)你暯釉~，如:but,However,Therefore,Meanwhile,Anyway等。.作者在寫作中也特意轉(zhuǎn)換了一些原文中的關(guān)鍵詞匯:toomuch-considerable;bejusttheopposite-producetheoppositeeffect;say-claim等。慳可思用'過關(guān)檢測fWriting1[2018浙江11月]閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。It’sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus（校園）likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon’tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou'dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon'tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn'tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It'sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors（顧問），anditwon'tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairat.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan’ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou’dliketoattend.Writing2閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Withtheincreasinglygrowingpopularityofdistanceeducation,studentsarenowabletostudyathomebythemselves.Someexpertsineducationareadvocatesoftheindividualwayoflearning,whileothereducationalistsstronglyopposeit,claimingthatthisnewapproachmayleadtopooracademicperformance.Inmyopinion,groupstudy（studyingasagroup）hasmanymoretooffer,andthereforeweshouldalwaysputgroupstudyfirst.Itistruethatweshouldvalueindividualism,pridingourselvesonourindependenceandourabilitytomakeupourownminds.This,however,doesnotnecessarilymeanthat,withself-relianceinmind,wecanalwaysstartacoursethatleadstosuccess,nomatterwhatwedo.Afterall,sometimesthingsgotheotherwayround.Letusbeginbyhavingacloseexaminationofstudying,whichmightinvolveinteractionbetweenteachersandstudentsatfirstthought.Butdoescommunicationamonglearnerscount?Theanswerisabsolutely"Yes".Byexchangingthoughtswithourstudypartners,wecanhaveawiderrangeofknowledgeofthesubjectandoftenatadeeperlevel;bycomparingourselveswithotherstudents,wecangetaclearideaofwherewearesothatwemaybemotivatedtoworkhardtokeeppacewithothersifwelagbehindothers.Itisknowntoallthathumansare"gregarious（群居的）animals".Notonlydowestudyorplaytogether,butalsoweworkingroups.Almostallmembersofoursocietyneedtogainsocialskillsinpreparationfortheircareers,andstudyingwithotherpeopleoffersthegreatestopportunitytolearnhowtocommunicateandcooperatewithothers.Peoplewhostudyallbythemselvesmayprovetheirlearningability,buttheymaynotsurviveinthecompetitivejobmarket,fortheylackrelevantsocialskills.Whileweshouldencouragestudentstodeveloptheirownmindset,theimportantroleplayedbygroupstudyshouldneverbeundervalued.Allinall,studentswhostudyindependentlymightneedtochangetheirstudyinghabitsinordertoachievesuccessinthefuture.Writing3閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Areyoutryingtomakeabigdecisionwhileyou’realsopreparingforastressfulpresentation?Youmightwanttoholdoffthat.Feelingstressfulchangeshowpeopleweighriskandreward.AnarticlepublishedinCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalSciencesuggestspeopleunderstresspaymoreattentiontothepositivesidesofapossibleoutcome.It’sabitsurprisingthatstressmakespeoplefocusonthewaythingscouldgoright,saysMaraMatherfromtheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Sheco-wrotethereviewpaperwithNicholeR.Lighthall."Thisissortofnotwhatpeoplewouldthink,"Mathersays."Stressisusuallyassociatedwithnegativeexperiences,soyou’dthinkyMaybeI’mgoingtobemorefocusedonthenegativeoutcomes'."Butresearchershavefoundthatwhenpeopleareunderstress,theystartpayingmoreattentiontopositiveinformationanddiscountingnegativeinformation."Stressseemstohelppeoplelearnfrompositivefeedbackandimpair（肖U弱）theirlearningfromnegativefeedback,"Mathersays.Whenpeopleunderstressaremakingadifficultdecision,theymaypaymoreattentiontothegoodsidesofthealternativesthey'reconsideringandlesstotheproblems.Sosomeonewho'sthinkingwhethertotakeanewjobandisfeelingstressfulaboutitmightfocusontheincreaseinsalarymorethanthelongercommute（上下班路程）.Theincreasedfocusonthepositivesalsohelpsexplainwhystressplaysaroleinevokingaddictions.Peopleunderstresshaveahardertimecontrollingtheirurges."Thecompulsiontogettherewardcomesstrongerandthey'relessabletoresistit,"Mathersays.Stressalsoincreasesthedifferencesinhowmenandwomenthinkaboutrisks.Whenmenareunderstress,theybecomeevenmorewillingtotakerisks;whenwomenarestressful,theygetmoreconservative.Previousresearchbacksthisup—atdifficulttimes,mentendtowardsthefight-or-flightresponse,whilewomentrytobondmorewithothersandimprovetheirrelationships.Writing4閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Somepeopledoubttheaccuracyandreliabilityofthefacialrecognitiontechnology.Theyneednot,becausethetechnologyishighlyadvanced.Itcandistinguishahumanfacewithorwithoutglasses.Testsshowithasaprecisionrateofmorethan99percent.Somearguethatthefingerprintoriris（虹膜）recognitionsystemisperhapsmoreaccuratethanthefacialrecognitionsystem.True,butforirisrecognition,apersonhastoholdhisorherheadstillandlookatthecamera,whichistime-consumingandthusnotsuitableforpublicspacessuchassubwaystations.Andthefingerprintrecognitionsystemisnotsosecure,assomepeoplecancheatthesystembycopyingandusingthefingerprintsofotherpeopletoenterorexitastation.Thefacialrecognitionsystemisrathermature.Itcollectspeople’sfacialimagesfromdifferentangles,insteadofone,andthereforeminimizesthechanceofcheating.Actually,itisalreadybeingappliedtomanyfieldssuchasunlockingsmartphonesandcomputers.Besides,thefacialrecognitiontechnologycanalsohelpthepolicetohuntescapedcriminalsinpublicspaces.However,thelawsaysacitizen’sphotoshouldnotbecollectedforcommercialusewithouthis/herpermission.Toavoidsuchlegalrisks,somemeasuresshouldbetakenbeforethecollectionofpassengerinformation.First,companiesmustensurethecollectedfacialimagesareonlyforpublicconvenience,andwillneverbeusedforcommercialpurposes,suchasadvertising.Second,companiesmusttakenecessarymeasurestomakesurenotevenasingleoneisleakedorsoldtoanythirdpartywithoutthepassenger’spermission.Generally,advancedtechnologiescanbeusedinpublicspaces,butpeople’srightsmustberespected,atleasttoavoidlegalrisks.Writing5閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Environmentalproblemsarebecomingmoreandmoreseriousallovertheworld.Forexample,carshavemadetheairunhealthyforpeopletobreatheandpoisonousgasisgivenoffbyfactories.Treesonthehillshavebeencutdownandwastewaterisbeingpouredcontinuouslyintorivers.Furthermore,whereverwegotoday,wecanfindrubbishdisposed（處理）carelessly.Therearedifferentkindsofpollutants,eachofwhichcomesfromdifferentsources.Itisnecessarytoidentifythesourceofpollutants,inordertomakeapolicytogetridofthem.Differentproducts,processesandactivitiesofourindustrializedworldtogetherformthemajorsourceofpollutants.Theformsofpollutioncanbemainlydividedintothreekinds—solids,liquidsandgases.Thesepollutantshavegreatlydamagedourplanetandcontinuetodoso.Infact,pollutionisthreateningourexistence.Thewholeecologicalbalanceoftheearthischanging.Massivedestructionoftheenvironmenthasbroughtaboutnegativeeffectsandevenposedagreatthreattoman’sexistence.Wemustfacethesituationthatexistsandtakeactiontosolveourenvironmentalproblems.Forinstance,newlawsmustbepassedtoplacestrictcontroloverindustrialpollution;thepublicmustreceivetheeducationaboutthedangerofpollutionandraisetheirawarenessofprotectingtheenvironmentandsoon.Theearthisourhomeandwehavethedutytotakecareofitforourselvesandourlatergenerations.Fortunately,moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedtheseproblems.Measureshavebeentakentodealwiththesituationbythegovernment.Andlawshavebeenpassedtostoppollution.Ihopetheproblemswillbesolvedinthenearfutureandthatourhomewillbecomebetterandbetter.可恿用?過關(guān)檢測Writing1【寫作思路】核心內(nèi)容:本文是一篇說明文。在申請大學之前,最好能夠先去了解即將報考的大學的相關(guān)情況,特別是你家附近的大學，可以去里面走一走，如果時間和錢不允許,也可以上網(wǎng)查詢相關(guān)情況。寫作分析:（1）抓住主旨,理清結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系。原文第一段提出了主題，即在申請大學之前去參觀一下是一個很好的主意;第二、三、四段講述了具體的措施。（2）確立語篇主題，合理重組結(jié)構(gòu)。原文第一段首先表明了文章的中心，可概括為"You'dbettersparethetimetovisitcampusestoexamineallaspectsofyourdreamcollegestoensureabrilliantcollegelife,evenifitmaybecostly"（^^1）;第二段交代了了解大學的方式之一，可概括為"Ifyoulivenearby,besuretocheckitoutbeforeyouapply"（要點2）;第三段交代了了解大學的方式之二問概括為"Evenaftersubmittingapplications,avisitcanhelpavoidmuchtrouble"（要點3）;第四段交代了了解大學的方式之三問概括為"VisitingtheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive,ifit'simpossibletoseeforyourselfforlackoftimeandmoney,willbebeneficial"（要點4）。通過以上分析，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)原文的論述結(jié)構(gòu):提出文章中心（要點1）——展開論述（要點2—4）。在寫概要的時候,考生應(yīng)先確定采取何種表達順序來完成對原文要點的表述?！緟⒖挤段摹縔ou'dbettersparethetimetovisitcampusestoexamineallaspectsofyourdreamcollegestoensureabrilliantcollegelife,evenifitmaybecostly.（要點1）Ifyoulivenearby,besuretocheckitoutbeforeyouapply.（要點2）Evenaftersubmittingapplications,avisitcanhelpavoidmuchtrouble.（要點3）VisitingtheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive,ifit'simpossibletoseeforyourselfforlackoftimeandmoney,willbebeneficial.（要點4）Writing2【文章大意】Paragraph1:隨著遠程教育的日益流行，現(xiàn)在學生可以在家自己學習。教育領(lǐng)域的一些專家支持獨立的學習方式,而其他教育家強烈反對這種學習方式。作者認為小組學習有更多的優(yōu)點，所以我們應(yīng)該把小組學習放在第一位。Paragraph2:我們應(yīng)該重視個人主義,為自己的獨立和自主能力感到自豪，但這未必意味著在自我獨立的情況下，不管做什么我們總能開啟一條通往成功的路。學習者之間的交流溝通是很重要的，通過與學習伙伴交流想法,我們可以更廣泛地加深對某一問題的認識，通過與學習伙伴的對比，我們也可以了解自己當前的學習水平，從而與他人齊步前進。Paragraph3:眾所周知，人類是群居動物。小組學習給學習者提供了絕好的機會來學習如何與他人溝通與合作，這有利于人們在充滿競爭的就業(yè)市場中勝出。Paragraph4:雖然我們應(yīng)該鼓勵學生發(fā)展自己的思維方式，但絕不應(yīng)低估小組學習的重要作用?？偠灾?，獨立學習的學生可能需要改變他們的學習習慣，以便在未來取得成功?！痉段恼故尽緿espitethepopularityofindependentlearning,Iholdthebeliefthatgroupstudycanbenefitusmore.（要點1）Interactionwithpeersisnolessimportantthanindependenceinachievingsuccess.（要點2）Meanwhile,socialskillsthatplayasignificantroleinpeople’scareerscanbelearnedfromgroupstudy.（要點3）Toconclude,theimportanceofgroupstudyshouldnotbeundervaluedifwewanttobesuccessfulinthefuture.（要點4）Writing3【文章大意】Paragraph1:壓力會改變?nèi)藗內(nèi)绾螜?quán)衡風險和回報。一篇發(fā)表在《心理科學近期趨勢》上的文章表阻處于壓力下的人更加關(guān)注可能出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果的積極方面。Paragraph2:研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)當人們處于壓力下時,他們開始更加關(guān)注積極的信息。Paragraph3:換工作和上癮兩件事說明壓力對我們做決定有一定的影響。Paragraph4:面對風險，處于壓力之下的男性與女性反應(yīng)不同。當男性處于壓力之下時他們更愿意冒險;當女性感到有壓力時，她們會變得更加保守?！痉段恼故尽縎tresscanaffectdecision-making,andfeelingstressfulmayleadpeopletobemoreoptimistic.（要點1）Surprisingasitmaysound,stresscanreallymakepeopleconcentratemoreonpositivethingsandlessonnegativeones.（要點2）Bothjob-hoppingandaddictionscanwellexplain