2018年考研英語一完形填空與答案解析

SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition_____(1)manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour_____(2)inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh_____(3)._____(4),whydowetrustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood._____(5)peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormonethat_____(6)pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthatleadssheeptoflocktogetherforsafetyandpromptshumansto_____(7)withoneanother.SwissScientistshavefoundthatexposure_____(8)thishormoneputsusinatrusting_____(9):Inastudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir_____(10)whoinhaledsomethingelse._____(11)forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay_____(12)us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate_____(13)acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach_____(14)toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,“What'sinhere?”beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,“Wow!”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook_____(15).Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf_____(16)thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad_____(17)them.1/7

Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere_____(18)tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership._____(19),onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe"_____(20)"testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.1.A．onB．likeC．forD．from2.A．faithB．concernC．a(chǎn)ttentionD．interest3.A．BenefitB．debtC．HopeD．price4.A．ThereforeB．ThenC．InsteadD．Again5.A．UntilB．UnlessC．AlthoughD．When6.A．selectsB．producesC．AppliesD．maintains7.A．ConsultB．competeC．ConnectD．compare8.A．a(chǎn)tB．byC．OfD．to9.A．contextB．MoodC．periodD．circle10.A．CounterpartsB．substitutesC．ColleaguesD．supporters11.A．FunnyB．LuckyC．OddD．Ironic12.A．MonitorB．ProtectC．surpriseD．delight13.A．BetweenB．withinC．towardD．over14.A．transferredB．AddedC．introducedD．entrusted15.A．outB．BackC．a(chǎn)roundD．inside16.A．DiscoveredB．ProvedC．InsistedD．remembered17.A．betrayedB．wrongedC．FooledD．mocked18.A．forcedB．WillingC．hesitantD．entitled2/7

19.A．IncontrastB．AsaresultC．OnthewholeD．Forinstance20.A．inflexibleB．IncapableC．unreliableD．unsuitable1.【答案】C【解析】該題選擇的是介詞，與后面的manyworthwhilethings一塊做后置定語修飾前面的condition,表明對于許多重要事情來說是一個(gè)必要的條件。而A選項(xiàng)from（來自于），C選項(xiàng)like（像）D選項(xiàng)on（關(guān)于）均語義不搭。2.【答案】A【解析】此處考察語義一致和對上下文辨析的問題。該空是做put的賓語，通過前面的Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition_____(1)manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.(一方面,信任對許多重要事情來說是必要條件，比如照看孩子，友誼等)；ontheotherhand可以得知該題仍然是在講述關(guān)于主題trust的問題，所以只有faith（信任）最合適。而B選項(xiàng)concern（關(guān)心，關(guān)注），C選項(xiàng)attention（注意），D選項(xiàng)interest（興趣，利益）均不符題意。3.【答案】D【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。前文說到puttingyour_____inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh_____（把……放在錯(cuò)誤的地方通常會帶來巨大的……），可以知道該空肯定也是填貶義，但肯定不能是debt債務(wù)這種具體含義，所以只能選price，并且carriesahighprice也指付出高昂的代價(jià)。4.【答案】B【解析】此題考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系。上一段分析的是信任的利弊，該段所指內(nèi)容_____,whydowetrustatall?（我們?yōu)槭裁磿湃?？）所以采用了遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，進(jìn)一步說明信任的具體內(nèi)容。只有D選項(xiàng)then(然后，那么)最符合語義搭配。而A選項(xiàng)again（再次）表示強(qiáng)調(diào)；B選項(xiàng)instead（然而）表轉(zhuǎn)折；而C選項(xiàng)therefore（因此）表結(jié)果，均不符合。3/7

5.【答案】D【解析】此處再一次考察邏輯關(guān)系。該空_____peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin，ahormone（___人們信任一個(gè)人或者一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)，大腦都會釋放一種荷爾蒙）,只有when（當(dāng)……時(shí)）符合上下文語境和邏輯語境。6.【答案】B【解析】該題是考察定語從句的動賓搭配問題。上一句說當(dāng)人們產(chǎn)生信任感，大腦就會產(chǎn)生一種荷爾蒙，ahormonethat_____(6)pleasurablefeelings這個(gè)that就是定語從句，指這種荷爾蒙能_____令人愉悅的感覺，只能是produce最符合語境。7.【答案】C【解析】考察詞義辨析。該空所填為動詞，并且要求與之后的with形成搭配。andtriggerstheherdinginstructthatleadssheeptoflocktogetherforsafetyandpromptshumansto_____withoneanother.說明這種荷爾蒙能夠引發(fā)一種群居本能，這種本能能讓羊群聚在一起，and的后面的內(nèi)容也與前面的flocktogether同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。所以只有connect最符合語境。8.【答案】D【解析】該題考察固定搭配。與exposureto構(gòu)成固定搭配的關(guān)系。表示“接觸”9.【答案】B【解析】該題考察上下文語義。上文中說到這種荷爾蒙會給人帶來一種愉悅的情緒，通過這個(gè)結(jié)論，可以得出這種荷爾蒙能讓人有讓人信任的情緒/心緒。只有mood是最合適的答案。10.【答案】A4/7

【解析】此處仍然是考察上下文語境。上文中Inastudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;能從下文得知這也是只本句講另外一組受試者。Conuterparts表示對應(yīng)物，對應(yīng)的人。11.【答案】B【解析】此處考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系。從后文中的also可以看出前后一致的關(guān)系。前文對于這種天賦都是褒義的色彩，所以答案此時(shí)應(yīng)該是lucky。12.【答案】B【解析】同樣也是因?yàn)閍lso，說明前后一致關(guān)系。只能選擇protect.13.【答案】A【解析】考察固定搭配。ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate_____acrediblepersonandadishonestone.選則between意為：14個(gè)月大的孩子能在誠實(shí)和不誠實(shí)的人之間進(jìn)行區(qū)分。14.【答案】C【解析】考察搭配。結(jié)合原文語境，“Sixtytoddlerswereeach__toadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer”選項(xiàng)C“beintroducedtosth”表示“初次認(rèn)識某物?！狈显恼Z境。15.【答案】D【解析】本題考察借此搭配及詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)原文“what’sinhere?”beforelookingintothecontainer...Eachsubjectwastheninvitedto___.”選項(xiàng)D與前文所表達(dá)的inhere和lookinginto相關(guān)。因此D為正選。16.【答案】A5/7

【解析】本題考察詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)語境“halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf16thecontainerwasempty...”這是用分好并列連接的兩個(gè)句子，屬于并列關(guān)系。因此，前半句講一般的受測者在盒子里面找到了玩具，后半句在肯定其他人會怎么說。像個(gè)小分局的結(jié)構(gòu)基本一直。因此本題填入的含義應(yīng)該與found含義相同。因此，A選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)為正選。17.【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)本題語境，此句在破折號后面，是對前面的意思解釋說明。前面提到了另一半人發(fā)現(xiàn)盒子是空的，并且易世達(dá)測試者對他們怎么樣。既然盒子是空的，那么肯定認(rèn)識到測試者是在戲弄他們，所以對此題必須要理解測試者是主語，賓語是Them指的是受測者。主語的含義決定了謂語的含義為戲弄。因此C選項(xiàng)為正選。18.【答案】B【解析】考