2023年教師資格之中學(xué)英語學(xué)科知識與教學(xué)能力通關(guān)題庫(附帶答案)

2023年教師資格之中學(xué)英語學(xué)科知識與教學(xué)能力通關(guān)題庫(附帶答案)單選題（共60題）1、Theearthquakebrokeoutonaday______myfatherleftforAmerica,aday_______I’llneverforget.A.that;whenB.when;whenC.that;whichD.when;that【答案】D2、Ifateachershowsstudentshowtodoanactivitybeforetheystartdoingit,he/sheisusingthetechniqueof（）.A.presentationB.demonstrationC.elicitationD.evaluation【答案】B3、Theprocessofperceivingothersisrarelytranslated(toourselvesorothers)intocold,objectiveterms．"Shewas5feet8inchestall,hadfairhair,andworeacoloredskirt．"Moreoften,wetrytogetinsidetheotherpersontopinpointhisorherattitudes,emotions,motivations,abilities,ideas,andcharacters．Furthermore,wesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly--perhapswithatwo-secondglance．A.wedon'taccepttheideathatwemightneverfullyknowanotherpersonB.weoftengetinformationinacasualandinexactwayC.wepaymoreattentiontootherpeople'smotivationsandemotionsD.weoftenhaveface-to-faceconversationwithhim【答案】B4、We'dbettermakeaclear__________betweencompetenceandperformancefortheconvinceofourdiscussion.A.separationB.divisionC.distinctionD.difference【答案】C5、IfateachergivescommandsinEnglishandasksstudentstoshowunderstandingbyactionorgestures,he/sheismostprobablyusing__________.A.CommunicativeApproachB.Audio-lingualApproachC.GrammarTranslationMethodD.TotalPhysicalResponse【答案】D6、Whichaspectofvocabularyistrainedinthefollowing?A.RegisterB.ConnotationC.CollocationD.Constitution【答案】B7、Whichofthefollowingreferstoaprocessinwhichateacheraskshis/herstudentstoanalyzingsentencesinapassageandthenworkouttheirstructures?A.DeductiveteachingB.InductiveteachingC.Task-basedteachingD.Content-basedteaching【答案】B8、請閱讀Passage2，完成第小題。A.TheaudiencesarehardtosatisfyB.BayisgoodatproducingmassivehitC.OnlyBaycanbringaudiencemassivehitD.Bayknowsabouttheaudience'smind【答案】B9、Ifyouhavegotkids,hereisanastytruth:theyareprobablynotveryspecial,thatis,theyareaverage,ordinary,andunremarkable.ConsiderthenumbersofthoseapplicationsyourdaughterissendingtoIvyLeagueschools,forinstance.Therearemorethanaquarterofamillionotherkidsaimingforthesameeightcollegesatthesametime,andlessthan9%ofthemwillmakethecut.AndthosehoursyouspendcoachingLittleLeaguebecauseyoujustknowyourson'ssweetswingwilltakehimtotheprofessionals.Thereare2.4millionotherLittleLeaguersoutthere,andthereareexactly750openingsformajorleagueballplayersatthebeginningofeachseason.Thatgiveshima0.0313%chanceofreachingthebigclubs.Theoddsarejustaslongfortheotherdreamsyou'vehadforyourkids:yourchildthebillionaire,theBroadwaystar,theRhodesscholar.Mostofthosethingsarenevergoingtohappen.Thekidsarepayingthepriceforparents'delusions.Inpublicschools,somestudentsarebringinghome17.5hoursofhomeworkperweekor3.5perschoolnightandit'shardtoseehowtheyhavetimetodoit.From2004to2014,thenumberofchildrenparticipatinginuptothreehoursofaider-schoolactivitiesonanygivendayrosefrom6.5millionto10.2million.Andallthewhile,thekidsarebeingfedapromise--thattheycanbetutoredandcoached,pushedandtested,hot-housedandadvanceplaceduntilsuccessisassured.Atlast,agrowingchorusofeducatorsandpsychologistsissaying,"Enough!"Somewherebetweentheself-esteembuildingofgoingforthegoldandtheself-esteemcrushingoftheIvy-or-dieethostherehastobeaplacewherekidscanbreathe,wheretheycanhavethefreedomtodowhattheyloveandwhereparentsaccustomedtopushingtheirchildrentoexcelcanshakeoffthenewlydefinedshameofhavingraisedanordinarychild.A.Theyshouldbetheirkids'companionsontheirjourneytoacademicexcellenceB.TheyshouldrealizethefactthatmostchildrenwouldremainmediocredespitetheirwillsC.Theyshouldfeelrelievediftheydon'thavetopayfortheirkid'soff-schoolartlessonsD.Theyshouldbetheirkids'careerdirectorratherthanhelpthemfindarightpathtowalkon【答案】B10、"Underliningallthepastformverbsinthedialogue"isatypicalexercisefocusingon_________.A.useB.formC.meaningD.function【答案】B11、Todeveloptheskilloflistening,theteacherasksstudentstolearnseveralnewwordsthatwillappearinthelisteningpassageandpredictwhatthelisteningisabout.Whichstageisitatinlisteningclassnow?A.WarmingupB.Pre-listeningC.While-listeningD.Post-listening【答案】B12、__________arenotaminimalpairinEnglish.A."sink"and"zinc"B."fine"and"vine"C."bat"and"pat"D."teach"and"cheat"【答案】D13、Whichofthefollowingactivitiesdoesnotbelongtopre-readingactivities?A.scanningB.settingthesceneC.skimmingD.paraphrasing【答案】D14、請閱讀Passage2，完成第小題。A.Aftertheprevioussurveyin2013,morestudentsarefoundcheatingB.MorecheatingstudentswereunderthesurveythistimeC.NomeasuresaretakentomanagethephenomenonofcheatingD.Moststudentsdon'tpayattentiontotheircurricula【答案】A15、Whichofthefollowingactivitiesisthebestfortrainingdetailedreading?A.DrawingadiagramtoshowthetextstructureB.GivingthetextanappropriatetitleC.TransforminginformationfromthetexttoadiagramD.Findingoutalltheunfamiliarwords【答案】C16、Teachingactivitiesmustbebasedonthestudents'cognitivedevelopmentlevelandtheexistingexperiencedknowledge,thus,students'personalknowledge,students'lifeworldand__________arealsotheimportantcurriculumresourcesexcepttextbook.A.gameactivitiesB.labouractivitiesC.attitudeD.directexperience【答案】D17、There_________nothingmorefordiscussion,theconferencecametoanend20minutesear-lier.A.beB.tobeC.beingD.tohavebeen【答案】C18、請閱讀短文，完成第小題。A.ThedegreeitofferstoallofitsgraduatesB.ThejobprospectsitopensupforitsstudentsC.ThemanagerialpositionsitprovidesforitsstudentsD.Thefacilitiesandequipmentitprovidesforitsstudents【答案】B19、Teachingactivitiesmustbebasedonthestudents'cognitivedevelopmentlevelandtheexistingexperiencedknowledge,thus,students'personalknowledge,students'lifeworldandarealsotheimportantcurriculumresourcesexcepttextbook．A.gameactivitiesB.labouractivitiesC.attitudeD.directexperience【答案】D20、Thedifferencebetween/?/and/?/liesin______A.theplaceofarticulationB.themannerofarticulationC.sounddurationD.voicing【答案】D21、Passage2A.voicesforworkingwomenB.appealstopassionateworkaholicsC.triggersdebatesamongmommiesD.praisesmotivatedemployees【答案】A22、Whichofthefollowingistheproperpronunciationof"haveto"asaresultofassimilation?A./heftu/B./heytu/C./hаeftu/D./hаevtu/【答案】C23、WhichofthefollowingfeaturesisNOTexhibitedbythedeductivemethod?A.ItsavestimeB.ItpaysmoreattentiontoformC.ItteachesgrammarinadecontextualizedwayD.Itencouragesstudentstoworkoutthegrammaticalrules【答案】D24、Whenastudenthassomethinginhismindandheshouldignoretheirrelevantpartswhenreading,whichofthefollowingstrategiescanbeused?A.skimmingB.detailedreadingC.scanningD.predicting【答案】C25、Teacher:Afterlistening,answerthefollowingtwoquestionsaccordingtowhatyouhaveheardonthetape．A.InferringB.GistlisteningC.ListeningfordetailsD.Dictation【答案】A26、Passage2A.moreemotionalB.moreobjectiveC.lessenergeticD.lessstrategic【答案】A27、Inwhichofthefollowingactivitiesdoestheteachermainlyplaytheroleofaprompter？A.OrganizingthestudentstodoactivitiesbygivinginstructionB.ChangingthepaceoftheclassbyvariousmeansC.EnlighteningstudentstoexpresstheirideasD.Introducinganewgrammarpoint【答案】C28、Thebellrangandeverystudenthadto__________theirexaminationpapers.A.giveupB.giveawayC.giveoutD.givein【答案】D29、請閱讀短文，完成此題。A.thetelevisionstationsB.thesocietyC.TVprogramsD.theirparents【答案】D30、Agreatdealoftalkingandlisteningthat__________undercasualcircumstancemayseemtobeaimless．A.isoccurredB.areoccurredC.occursD.occur【答案】C31、______yousaidistrue,therearestillotherfactorstobeconsidered.A.SupposedthatwhatB.SupposingwhatthatC.GrantedthatwhatD.Consideredwhatthat【答案】C32、Intermsof__________,wordscanbedividedintoclosed-classwordsandopen-classedwords.A.meaningB.qualityC.variabilityD.membership【答案】D33、Tom,seethatyoursistergetssafelyback,__________A.canyouB.won'tweC.won'tyouD.shouldwe【答案】C34、請閱讀Passaqel，完成第小題。A.GiftcardsB.AmericansC.$110millionD.CEBTowerGroupprojects【答案】A35、TheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponsetowhatwasjudgedaninappropriatelylenientreactionbyamedicalschooltoastudentcheatinginanexamination.A.MedicalschoolsshouldestablishafirmmoralstandardtoweedoutapplicantswithlowintegrityB.MedicalschoolsshouldmakeeffortstoremedytheillsofasocietyC.MedicalschoolsshouldteachfuturedoctorsintegrityandethicalvaluesD.Thereisnothingmedicalschoolscandotoimprovetheethicalbehaviouroftheirstudents【答案】C36、Whichwordofthefollowinghasadifferentstressfromtheothers?A.exitB.cancelC.exchangeD.interest【答案】C37、Forwhatever____,don’tbelateagain,orourworkwillbelaggingfarbehindothers.A.anyreasonsB.areasonC.reasonD.thereason【答案】C38、AstudentfindsitdifficulttolearntheEnglishsounds[θ]and[e].Ifyouaretheteacher,whichofthefollowingstrategiescanbeused?A.ExplaininghowtomakethesoundsB.UsingtonguetwistersC.WritingthemontheblackboardD.Makingupsentences【答案】A39、Whichofthefollowingelementsdoesnotbelongtoacommunicativewritingtask?A.asenseofauthenticityB.accuracy-basedC.process-orientedD.students-focused【答案】B40、Whichwordisdifferentfromtheotherthreeinwordformation?A.USAB.FluC.AIDSD.WTO【答案】B41、WhichbranchofstudycanNOTbeincludedinthescopeofLinguistics?A.SyntaxB.PragmaticsC.PhoneticsD.Anthropology【答案】D42、Peer-editingduringclassisanimportantstepofthe_________approachtoteachingwriting.A.genre-basedB.content-basedC.process-orientedD.product-oriented【答案】C43、Muchofthepowerofthetradeunionshasbeenlost．__________,theirpoliticalinfluenceshouldbeverygreat．A.AsaresultB.AsusualC.EvensoD.Sofar【答案】C44、Whenteachinggrammar．“Youareastrangerinthistown．”and“Apolicemanwasaskingsomequestions．”aretwoexamplesofusing_________．A.mimesB.gesturesC.chainofeventsD.createdsituations【答案】D45、請閱讀Passage1。完成小題。A.themostinterestingandvaluableformofmythologyB.entertainingyetserioussubjectsofstudyC.aremnanttoolofpastcivilizations,butnotoftenusedinthemodemageD.theprimarymethodbywhichancientvaluesandideasweretransmittedbetweengenerations【答案】B46、Ifateacherstartswithlanguageexamplesandguidesstudentstoworkouttherules,he/sheisusingthe_______method.A.deductiveB.conduciveC.inductiveD.constructive【答案】C47、請閱讀Passagel。完成第小題。A.Teacherswillabandonmaterialsrelatedtoracism,sexism,violence,etcB.Teacherswillignorestudents'requestsfora"safespace"indesigningtheirsyllabiC.TeacherswillgivestudentsadvancenoticeofthecontentthatislikelytodistressoroffendthemD.Teacherswillallowstudentstoexpressdifferentanduncomfortableideastoenlargetheirexperience【答案】C48、請閱讀Passage1，完成第小題。A.Family,cultureandsocietyplayanactivepartB.BadschoolenvironmentistheleadingcauseofstudentcheatingC.Parentsarealwaystoblamefortheirchildren'scheatingbehaviourD.CheatingexistsprimarilybecausestudentslearnbadthingsfromTV【答案】A49、Whichdowenothavetotakethefollowingaspectintoconsiderationwhenweselecttextbooks?A.Doesthebooksuityourstudents?B.Doesthebooksuittheteacher?C.Doesthebooksuitthesyllabusandexamination?D.Doesthebooksuitthepressandpublication?【答案】D50、Passage1A.BytrainingthemwhentheyareyoungB.ByminorandharmlessoperationsC.BytakingthemreallyfarawayfromhomeD.Bykeepingtheminartificialdays【答案】D51、Passage1A.analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemicsB.discussinfluentials'functioninspreadingideasC.exemplifypeople'sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemicsD.describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials【答案】B52、Whatistheteacherdoingintermsoferrorcorrection?A.Correctingthestudent'smistakeB.HintingthatthereisamistakeC.EncouragingpeercorrectionD.Askingthestudentwhetherhereallywenttothetheatre【答案】B53、Passage1A.agediscriminationlawwasjustintroducedrecentlyB.otherdiscriminatedgroupsdon'tsueexceptthewhitesC.agediscriminationcasesareinlargequantityanditisdifficulttodetectallofthemD.manydiscriminatedpeopledon'tsueandcostsofalawsuitoutweighpotentialbenefits【答案】D54、Portfolios,dailyreportsandspeechdeliveringaretypicalmeansof_________.A.norm-referencedtestB.criterion-referencedtestC.summativeassessmentD.formativeassessment【答案】D55、______nativetoNorthAmerica,cornhasnowspreadallovertheworld.A.InspiteofB.ThatitisC.ItwasD.Although【答案】D56、Passage2A.CEOs:WheretoGoB.CEOs:AlltheWayUpC.TopManagersJumpwithoutaNetD.TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformers【答案】C57、Backintheolddays,whenIwasachild,wesataroundthefamilyroundtableatdinnertimeandexchangedourdailyexperiences.Itwasn'tveryorganized,buteveryonewasrecognizedandallthenewsthathadtobetoldwastoldbyeachfamilymember.A.ParentalnoninterventionwillnotbepraisedB.NoninterventionmaybeagoodpolicyininternationalaffairsC.ParentsmustexercisesomecontrolandshowsomeconcernabouttheculturalinfluenceonthechildrenD.Parentsneedtointervene【答案】C58、Passage1A.FearoffailureshouldberemovedincompetitionB.CompetitionshouldbeencouragedC.Winningshouldbealife-and-deathmatterD.Everyeffortshouldbepaidback【答案】A59、“Theageofmelancholy"ishowpsychologistDanielGolemandescribesourage.Peopletodayexperiencemoredepressionthanpreviousgenerations,despitethetechnologicalwondersthathelpuseveryday.Itmightbebecauseofthem.A.PeoplecannotaffordthelatestlaptopsB.PeoplehavetoadoptadifferentlifestyleC.PeopleconstantlywritemessagesandemailsD.Peoplecannotlivewithoutcomputersortelephones【答案】D60、Passage1A.One'sworthliesinhisperformancecomparedwithothers'B.One'ssuccessincompetitionneedsgreateffortsC.One'sachievementisdeterminedbyhisparticularskillsD.One'ssuccessisbasedonhowhardhehastried【答案】A大題（共15題）一、設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)：請閱讀下面學(xué)生信息和語言素材，設(shè)計(jì)一個25分鐘的聽力教學(xué)活動。教案沒有固定格式．但須包含下列要點(diǎn)：teachingobjectivesteachingcontentskeyanddifficultpointsmajorstepsandtimeallocationactivitiesandjustifications教學(xué)時間：25分鐘學(xué)生概況：某城鎮(zhèn)普通中學(xué)高中一年級學(xué)生，班級人數(shù)40人。多數(shù)學(xué)生已經(jīng)達(dá)到《普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(實(shí)驗(yàn))》五級水平。學(xué)生課堂參與積極性一般。語言素材：Whydoearthquakeshappen?Scientistsexplainthattheoutsideoftheearthismadeofanumberofdifferentplates.AtSanFrancisco,thePacificplatewhichismovingtowardsthenorthwestmeetstheNorthAmericanplate.ThePacificplateismovingveryslowly--at5.3centimetersayear.Sometimesthesetwoplatesstopanddonotmoveforyears.Thensuddenly,theyjumpandanearthquakeisfelt.Asaresultofthemovementoftheseplates,Californiahasalwayshadalotofearthquakes.Whenthe1906earthquakehappened,thePacificplatejumped5-6meterstothenorth.Chinaalsohasanunluckyplaceontheearth.ThePacificplateisalsopushingonChinafromtheeastastheplatemoveswest.Likewise,theIndianplateispushingonChinafromthesouthwestasthatplatemovesnortheast.ThesamepowerthatproducedthegreatHimalayanMountainsnowcausesearthquakesinChina.Wecannotstopearthquakes,butwecandothingstomakesuretheydonotdestroywholecities.First,itisnotagoodideatobuildhousesalongthelineswheretwooftheearth'splatesjointogether.Second,ifyouthinktheremaybeanearthquake,itisbettertobuildhousesonrockthanonsand.Third,youmustmakethehousesasstrongaspossible.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake,butstrongonesmaystayup.【答案】ClassType:ListeningclassTeachingContents:Thetopicisabouttheearthquakes.TeachingObjectives:(1)KnowledgeobjectivesStudentscanlearnsomeusefulwordsandexpressionsaboutearthquakes.Studentscanknowaboutthebasicknowledgeofearthquakesthelisteningmaterialrefersto.(2)AbilityobjectivesStudentscandeveloptheirabilitytogetspecificinformationandtakenoteswhilelistening.Studentscanimprovetheirspeakingabilitythroughdiscussionandcommunication.(3)EmotionalobjectivesStudentscanlearnmoreaboutbasicknowledgeofearthquakessoastoknowhowtoreducelossesofearthquakesandhowtoprotectoneselfandhelpothersinearthquakes.StudentscanbemoreconfidentinspeakingEnglishinclassandcancooperatewithothersactively,andcompletethetaskstogether.TeachingKeyPoints:Howtodevelopthestudents'listeningability.二、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)，用中文作答。簡述進(jìn)行短文聽寫（dictation）的目的（6分）與三個基本步驟（6分）。寫出短文聽寫的一個優(yōu)點(diǎn)（4分）和一個缺點(diǎn)（4分）。【答案】1.目的：短文聽寫是一種重要的教學(xué)手段和測試項(xiàng)目，用于測試評估應(yīng)試者輸入(聽)和輸出(寫)的綜合能力。2.三大步驟：一、瞻前顧后，預(yù)測內(nèi)容在聽短文的錄音之前，考生要快速瀏覽短文，對全文的內(nèi)容有一個大致的了解，并對將要填寫的詞或詞組進(jìn)行預(yù)測。在瀏覽短文時，重點(diǎn)要看每段的第一句，因?yàn)榻^大多數(shù)的英文寫作中都會先有一個主題句，再引出下文的內(nèi)容，把握好主題句，有助于預(yù)測空缺處的內(nèi)容。在瀏覽短文的過程中，需要運(yùn)用平行結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)測所填內(nèi)容，根據(jù)空前后的詞推測該空在句中的作用，進(jìn)而預(yù)測其詞性。二、集中精神，逐次填空短文聽寫部分的錄音一般會放三遍，每一遍都有不同的作用：錄音放第一遍時，跟著錄音走，邊聽邊記下能填出的空，如果要填寫的單詞較長，可以暫時簡寫;錄音放第二遍時，重點(diǎn)聽第一遍沒有聽出來的詞或詞組，盡量把所有空都補(bǔ)齊，把第一遍沒有寫完整的單詞補(bǔ)充完整;錄音放第三遍時，要核對已經(jīng)填出的詞或詞組，對于前兩遍沒有聽出的單詞要盡可能地聽出來。三、檢查細(xì)節(jié)，確保正確在錄音放完之后，一定要注意檢查已填內(nèi)容，排除因?yàn)榇中幕蚬P誤而造成的錯誤，如字母大小寫、單詞拼寫、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)和主謂一致等。3.優(yōu)點(diǎn)：對于要考查的詞匯，短語和語法能夠清楚地判斷考生的掌握情況，比如動詞三單，名詞單復(fù)數(shù)等問題。缺點(diǎn)：相對于聽一段聽力材料，后用自己的語言答題這種題型來說，短文填空不能考查學(xué)生自我語言組織和輸出能力。對于考生更高聽力綜合運(yùn)用能力無法很好地考查。三、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)，用中文作答。以下是某堂課的教學(xué)材料：?Betty:HiMum,canyouhearme?Mum:Yes,Ican.Whereareyou?Betty:I'mstandingontheGreatWallofChinaandtalkingtoyou.Mum:Really?Betty:We'reonaschooltripandwe'vehavinglunch.Andwe'relyinginthesunandwe'retakinglotsofphotos.Mum:That'sgreat,Betty.Whataretheothersdoing?Betty:Well,Tonyiseatinganicecream,andLucyisbuyingsomepresentsandpostcards.AndTomiseatinglunchandlyinginthesun.Mum:Canyousendmeapostcard?Betty:Yes.LucyandIarewritingpostcards.We'reenjoyingtheschooltripalot.Anyway,we'regoinghomenow.Bye!Mum:Byebye,Betty!根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容回答以下三個問題?！敬鸢浮?1)語篇指的是實(shí)際使用的語言單位，是一次交際過程中的一系列連續(xù)的話段或句子所構(gòu)成的語言整體。根據(jù)韓禮德的觀點(diǎn)，語篇是一個語義單位或意義潛勢的現(xiàn)實(shí)化，任何一個Ll頭或書面語言片段，不論其長短，只要能構(gòu)成一個語義整體，即表達(dá)完整的意思，就可以稱之為語篇。根據(jù)語篇的概念，該材料屬于會話語篇。(2)這份材料適合于口語教學(xué)。理由：①材料語言比較簡單，沒有生僻詞匯，句式偏向口語化，適合用于口語練習(xí)；②選材偏向生活化，有生活氣息，適合平時與人交際使用，英語口語的最終目的就是讓學(xué)生達(dá)到溝通交流，因此會話語篇可以提供一個交流的環(huán)境。③材料以對話形式呈現(xiàn)有問有答，也有連讀和吞音部分，對于語音語調(diào)的學(xué)習(xí)都是很好的內(nèi)容。(3)考慮要素：①教學(xué)內(nèi)容要素：教學(xué)內(nèi)容是要完成的教學(xué)任務(wù)，是實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)的主要載體。因此教師在選擇材料時，將教科書作為主要依據(jù)，教材分析基本關(guān)注教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)及考點(diǎn)方面，比較注重顯性教材的運(yùn)用而忽視隱性教材的挖掘和利用，較少關(guān)注與學(xué)習(xí)教材內(nèi)容有密切關(guān)系的認(rèn)知和心理因素，以及教材對學(xué)生能力的要求，而對教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)也只是闡述其內(nèi)容，沒有做進(jìn)一步的分析。在新課改背景下，教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析既要求對顯性教材的運(yùn)用，也要求對隱性教材的挖掘和利用。②教學(xué)對象要素：學(xué)生是分析教學(xué)任務(wù)必須要考慮的因素，分析學(xué)生是為了幫助學(xué)生解決學(xué)習(xí)中的困難，完成教學(xué)任務(wù)。教師應(yīng)該做到以下兩點(diǎn)：一是要了解教學(xué)活動開始前學(xué)生在認(rèn)知、情感、態(tài)度等方面已經(jīng)達(dá)到了什么樣的水平，這一水平標(biāo)志著學(xué)生已經(jīng)能做什么，說什么，想明白了什么等(即學(xué)生的學(xué)歷和學(xué)情)。這是學(xué)生掌握新的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)的起點(diǎn)水平。二是要了解教授了教學(xué)材料后預(yù)期學(xué)生在認(rèn)知、情感、態(tài)度等方面必須達(dá)到的狀態(tài)。對這種狀態(tài)的把握最終會轉(zhuǎn)化為確定的教學(xué)任務(wù)與具體的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)。只有當(dāng)教師對教學(xué)前和教學(xué)后這兩種狀態(tài)的差距做到心中有數(shù)時．才能根據(jù)學(xué)生的實(shí)際情況．確定恰當(dāng)?shù)慕虒W(xué)內(nèi)容。③教學(xué)目標(biāo)要素：教學(xué)目標(biāo)是教育者在教學(xué)過程中，希望受教育者達(dá)到的要求或產(chǎn)生的變化結(jié)果，也是教師完成教學(xué)任務(wù)的歸宿。新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)從關(guān)注學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)出發(fā)，強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生是學(xué)習(xí)的主體，教學(xué)目標(biāo)是教學(xué)活動中師生共同追求的，而不是由教師所操縱的。因此，教學(xué)目標(biāo)的主體顯然應(yīng)該是學(xué)生。教師在選擇教學(xué)材料的同時也要以學(xué)生為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，思考需要完成怎樣的教學(xué)目標(biāo)或達(dá)到怎樣的教學(xué)效果。四、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)。用中文作答。閱讀所給材料，回答下列三個問題：(1)這兩份材料分別屬于哪種語篇類型?(6分)(2)這兩份材料分別適合于哪種課堂教學(xué)?說明理由(至少寫出兩個要點(diǎn))。(12分)(3)分析教師選用文本材料時需要考慮的基本要素(至少寫出三個要點(diǎn))。(12分)材料1Tom:HelloAlice.I'minterestedinyourworksavingbirds!Whatdoyouthinkisthemostdifficultpartofyourwork?Alice:Well...Isupposeit'ssavingwildbirdscoveredinoil.That'sthemostdifficultofall.Tom:Howdoesthathappen?Alice:Theoilcomesfromboats.Itfloatsonthewaterandcoversthebird'sfeatherswhentheyswimthroughit.Tom:Thatsoundsterrible.Whatdoyoudoaboutit?Alice:Thefirstthingwedoistomakesurethebirdhasn'ttriedtocleanitselfwithitsbeak.Asitdoesso,thebirdeatssomeoilandbecomessick.【答案】(1)語篇指的是實(shí)際使用的語言單位，是一次交際過程中的一系列連續(xù)的語段或句子所構(gòu)成的語言整體。根據(jù)韓禮德的觀點(diǎn)，語篇是一個語義單位或意義潛勢的現(xiàn)實(shí)化．任何一個口頭或書面語言片段，不論其長短，只要能構(gòu)成一個語義整體，即表達(dá)完整的意思．就可以稱之為語篇。語篇之所以重要．是由于它是交際過程中傳遞(口頭或書面的)信息的語言形式：根據(jù)語篇的概念，第一篇屬于會話語篇，第二篇屬于段落語篇。(2)第一篇適合口語教學(xué)．第二篇適合閱讀教學(xué)。理由：①第一篇語言比較簡單，沒有生僻詞匯，句式偏向口語化，適合用于口語練習(xí)；第二篇語言偏向書面化，詞匯相對較復(fù)雜，并且多了長難句，適合進(jìn)行句子的分析，因此適合閱讀教學(xué)。②第一篇偏向生活化，有生活氣息．適合平時與人交際使用．英語口語的最終目的就是讓學(xué)生達(dá)到溝通交流．因此會話語篇可以提供這樣一個交流的環(huán)境。第二篇偏向說明性語言，是補(bǔ)充介紹知識的．因此可以作為閱讀材料來使學(xué)生在知識層面有所豐富和提高．同時也加強(qiáng)了語言理解方面的訓(xùn)練。(3)需要考慮的基本要素：①教學(xué)內(nèi)容要素教學(xué)內(nèi)容是要完成的教學(xué)任務(wù)，是實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)的主要載體。因此教師在選擇材料時．需將教科書作為主要依據(jù)。教材分析基本關(guān)注教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)及考點(diǎn)方面。比較注重顯性教材的運(yùn)用而忽視隱性教材的挖掘和利用，較少關(guān)注與學(xué)習(xí)教材內(nèi)容有密切關(guān)系的認(rèn)知和心理因素．以及教材對學(xué)生能力的要求，而對教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)也只是闡述其內(nèi)容，沒有做進(jìn)一步的分析。在新課改背景下，教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析既要有對顯性教材的運(yùn)用，也要有對隱性教材的挖掘和利用。⑦教學(xué)對象要素學(xué)生是分析教學(xué)任務(wù)必須要考慮的因素．分析學(xué)生是為了幫助學(xué)生解決學(xué)習(xí)中的困難．完成教學(xué)任務(wù)。教師應(yīng)該做到以下兩點(diǎn)：一是要了解教學(xué)活動開始前學(xué)生在認(rèn)知、情感、態(tài)度等方面已經(jīng)達(dá)到了什么樣的水平，這一水平標(biāo)志著學(xué)生已經(jīng)能做什么，說什么，想明白了什么等(即學(xué)生的學(xué)情)。這是學(xué)生掌握新的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)的起點(diǎn)水平。二是要了解教授了教學(xué)材料后預(yù)期學(xué)生在認(rèn)知、情感、態(tài)度等方面必須達(dá)到的狀態(tài)。對這種狀態(tài)的把握最終會轉(zhuǎn)化為確定的教學(xué)任務(wù)與具體的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)。只有當(dāng)教師的心中對教學(xué)前和教學(xué)后這兩種狀態(tài)的差距做到心中有數(shù)時。才能根據(jù)學(xué)生的實(shí)際情況，確定恰當(dāng)?shù)慕虒W(xué)內(nèi)容。③教學(xué)目標(biāo)要素教學(xué)目標(biāo)是教育者在教學(xué)過程中，希望受教育者達(dá)到的要求或產(chǎn)生的變化結(jié)果，也是教師完成教學(xué)任務(wù)的歸宿。新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)從關(guān)注學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)出發(fā)，強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生是學(xué)習(xí)的主體，教學(xué)目標(biāo)是教學(xué)活動中師生共同追求的，而不是由教師所操縱的。因此，教學(xué)目標(biāo)的主體顯然應(yīng)該是學(xué)生。教師在選擇教學(xué)材料的同時也要以學(xué)生為出發(fā)點(diǎn)．思考需要完成怎樣的教學(xué)目標(biāo)或達(dá)到怎樣的教學(xué)效果。五、設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)：請閱讀下面學(xué)生信息和語言素材，設(shè)計(jì)20分鐘的寫作教學(xué)方案。教案沒有固定格式，但須包含下列要點(diǎn)：~teachingobjectives~teachingcontents~keyanddifficultpoints~majorstepsandtimeallocation~activitiesandjustifications教學(xué)時間：20分鐘學(xué)生概況：某城鎮(zhèn)普通高中一年級第一學(xué)期學(xué)生，班級人數(shù)40人。多數(shù)學(xué)生已經(jīng)達(dá)到《普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(實(shí)驗(yàn))》五級水平。學(xué)生課堂參與積極性一般。語言素材：WRITING(①)Readtheshortessayanddiscuss.WecanlearnallweneedontheInternetIagreewiththisidea,especiallyonthesubjectoflearningEnglish.Inmyclass,thereare45students,【答案】TeachingContents:Thisisawritinglessonaboutwritingaparagraphtoopposetheviewthat"WecanlearnallweneedontheInternet".TeachingObjectives:(1)Knowledgeobjectives(①StudentscanrealizetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoflearningontheIntemet.(②)Studentscanmasterthebasicstructureofanargumentation.(2)Abilityobjectives(①)Studentscandevelopwritingskillssuchascohesion,logicandsoon,(②)StudentscanexpresstheirownopinionsabouttheInternet'seffectsonlearning.(3)EmotionalobjectiveStudentscandeveloptheircriticalthinkingwhendiscussingatopic.TeachingKeyandDifficultPoints:(1)TeachingkeypointStudentscanwriteanargumentationtoopposetheviewthat"WecanlearnallweneedontheInternet".(2)Teachingdifficultpoint六、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)，用中文作答。下面是某初中教師的課堂教學(xué)片段。(TaskedSstomakesentencesaccordingtotheinformationontheBb.)T:Now,let′slookattheblackboardandmakesentences.Isay"Idon′thaveabasketball"andyousay"Ourteacherdoesn′thaveabasketball".Isay"Ihaveavolleyball"andyousay"Ourteacherhasavolleyball".LiXing,makethethirdsentence...(TwrotesentencesontheBb.)LiXing:Tomhaveatennisracket.T:IsitcorrectNo,weshouldsayitlikethis"Tomhasatennisracket".Wedon′tput"have"after"He,She,Tom,Lucy".Weshouldsay"Hehas...,Shehas...,Tomhas...,Lucyhas...".(TwrotethewrongsentenceontheBbandcorrectedit.)T:Nextone,LiLei,please.LiLei:Jimhasaping-pongball.T:Yes.(TwroteitontheBb.)Nextone,ZhangHong,please.ZhangH0ng:LiLeidon′thaveasoccerball.T:No,no,no.Wrongagain.WhatisthecorrectanswerSs:LiLeidoesn′thaveasoccerball.T:Yes.(TwrotethecorrectanswerontheBb.)【答案】(1)①學(xué)生在英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中缺少語言環(huán)境，受母語表達(dá)習(xí)慣影響。②與漢語不同，英語謂語動詞需要隨著時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化而變化。(2)該教師采用了直接糾錯法來糾正學(xué)生的錯誤，即學(xué)生出現(xiàn)語言錯誤時，教師對其錯誤予以正面糾正(說出正確的語言形式，并讓學(xué)生改正)。(3)①在課堂教學(xué)過程中，特別是在提問的過程中，很多學(xué)生都缺乏自信，羞于開口說英語。針對學(xué)生回答錯誤的情況，教師應(yīng)當(dāng)以鼓勵性評價為主，采用多種方法適時地糾錯。通過表情、手勢、語調(diào)等對學(xué)生的答案進(jìn)行評價是教師課堂最常見的反饋形式之一。學(xué)生回答問題時謂語動詞使用錯誤，教師最好不要馬上否認(rèn)學(xué)生，試著多次重復(fù)，并放慢語速，或者擺擺手、搖搖頭等，啟發(fā)學(xué)生自己發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤并改正，并且在此過程中不失時機(jī)地給予學(xué)生積極強(qiáng)化，這樣學(xué)生會記得更牢，自信心也不會受打擊。②為了有效地糾正學(xué)生在英語課堂上出現(xiàn)的語言錯誤，就必須明確錯誤產(chǎn)生的原因，這樣才能“對癥下藥”，進(jìn)而進(jìn)行有效的引導(dǎo)。教學(xué)片段中回答錯誤的學(xué)生主要是由于受母語的干擾，對于新的語言規(guī)則掌握不熟練。教師應(yīng)該在糾正錯誤的基礎(chǔ)上，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生掌握有效的學(xué)習(xí)策略，例如歸納學(xué)習(xí)、演繹學(xué)習(xí)、情境學(xué)習(xí)、認(rèn)知強(qiáng)化練習(xí)等，從而達(dá)到“藥到病除”的效果。七、下面是某教師在一堂針對高一年級學(xué)生聽力課的聽力材料及某一個教學(xué)步驟的記錄。聽力材料：一篇關(guān)于世界石油爭端問題的新聞Teacher：NowlistentothetapecarefullyandanswerthequestionsonPPT．Teacher：OK．Whocananswerthequestions(個別學(xué)生對問題進(jìn)行了回答，但是都沒有回答對)Teacher：NoonecananswerOK．Let’slistenagain．Teacher：OK．Now，cananyoneanswerthequestions(再聽一遍之后依然沒有學(xué)生回答正確)Teacher：Now，lookatthescriptofthelisteningmaterialandanswerthequestions．根據(jù)上面所給的信息．從下列三個方面作答：(1)請問所描述的教學(xué)情境屬于聽力教學(xué)的哪一個教學(xué)步驟此步驟的教學(xué)目的是什么(2)為什么沒有學(xué)生能夠正確回答關(guān)于聽力材料的問題請分析其可能原因。這位老師的教學(xué)步驟存在什么問題(3)請根據(jù)存在的問題提出相應(yīng)的建議。【答案】(1)此教學(xué)情境屬于聽力教學(xué)的聽中(while-listening)部分。此教學(xué)步驟的目的是通過各種聽力練習(xí)活動，達(dá)到理解信息和訓(xùn)練技能的目的。(2)原因：本課程的授課對象為高一年級學(xué)生，但是老師所提供的語言材料是討論石油爭端問題的新聞，所以可以判斷．學(xué)生不能正確回答問題主要是因?yàn)槁犃Σ牧系碾y度高于學(xué)生應(yīng)有的聽力水平。除此原因外，也可能是問題的設(shè)置較難，超出了學(xué)生的認(rèn)知能力和語言水平。也可能是因?yàn)閷W(xué)生對此話題并不感興趣，而且聽力理解的練習(xí)活動是問答式．較為傳統(tǒng)，所以學(xué)生參與度和熱情度并不高。存在問題：①聽力材料難度高，不符合學(xué)生的聽力水平。聽力材料話題較為嚴(yán)肅，不能吸引學(xué)生的興趣。②老師的提問沒有做到面向全體學(xué)生．只是針對個別學(xué)生進(jìn)行了提問。③在提問之后，要對學(xué)生的回答予以反饋，但是老師并沒有做出任何評價．而是又進(jìn)行了下一個步驟。④第二次聽完之后．雖然依然沒有學(xué)生能夠正確回答問題．但是老師應(yīng)該幫助學(xué)生努力回答問題。而不是放棄聽的活動，直接看聽力文本。這樣并沒有達(dá)到此堂課訓(xùn)練聽力理解能力的目的。(3)建議：①選取適合學(xué)生聽力水平、能夠吸引學(xué)生興趣的聽力材料。適當(dāng)調(diào)整聽力理解練習(xí)的活動，例如可以加上小組競賽等方式．也可以將問答題改為填表格等較為新穎的練習(xí)活動。②在設(shè)計(jì)問題時，首先檢驗(yàn)問題的難度是否符合學(xué)生的認(rèn)知能力和語言水平。使用的語言和話語能夠?yàn)閷W(xué)生理解和接受。同時，在對學(xué)生進(jìn)行提問時，要盡可能照顧到大部分學(xué)生，不要只提問一些學(xué)生，要給予每個人機(jī)會。或者可以給學(xué)生分組．可以讓學(xué)生先在小組內(nèi)互相發(fā)言．發(fā)表自己的看法。然后選代表進(jìn)行發(fā)言來回答問題。這樣可以讓每一個學(xué)生都有機(jī)會思考及檢驗(yàn)自己的答案。同時也可以提高學(xué)生的參與度。③在學(xué)生回答問題之后，必須給予學(xué)生反饋，并給予一定的鼓勵．增加學(xué)生的自信心。④在學(xué)生回答之后，首先可以降低問題的難度，例如?？梢杂胮araphrase的方式解釋問題的內(nèi)容，讓學(xué)生理解問題。然后可以針對每一個問題，給學(xué)生放錄音，讓學(xué)生聽相應(yīng)的段落，降低聽力的難度。采用分組討論的形式，先討論問題的答案．再請小組代表來回答問題．并給予相應(yīng)的反饋。八、設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)：請閱讀下面學(xué)生信息和語言素材，設(shè)計(jì)一節(jié)課的教學(xué)方案。教案沒有固定格式，但須包含下列要點(diǎn)：·teachingobjectives·teachingcontents·keyanddifficultpoints·majorstepsandtimeallocation·activitiesandjustification教學(xué)時間：45分鐘學(xué)生概況：某城鎮(zhèn)普通中學(xué)高中一年級第一學(xué)期學(xué)生，班級人數(shù)40人。多數(shù)學(xué)生已經(jīng)達(dá)到《普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（實(shí)驗(yàn)）五級水平。學(xué)生課堂參與積極性一般。語言素材：Pompeii:ThefactsAugust24,intheyearAD79,begannormallyforthepeopleinPompeii,atownatthefootof?MountVesuvius.Farmerswentouttotheirfields,shopkeeperssetouttheirgoodsforsale,craftspeople?openedtheirworkshopsandtherichwalkedtothepublicbathswhiletheirservantscleanedtheirhouses?andwashedtheirclothes.Unfortunately,theendofthedaywasfarfromnormalforthe20,000citizensof?Pompeii.Earlyintheafternoon,whenmanypeoplewererestingfromtheheatoftheday,MountVesuvius?erupted.Millionsoftonnesofash,lavaandpumicepouredontothesurroundinghillsideandoverthe?townofPompeiiandothertownsandvillages.ByeveningPompeiiwasburiedunder3-5metersofashand?mud,andatleast2,000men,womenandchildrenwereburiedwiththeirtown.【答案】Teachingobjectives:（1）KnowledgeobjectiveStudentscanmasterthewordsaboutvolcanoeruptionsandtheusageof"erupt".（2）AbilityobjectiveStudentscandescribenaturaldisastersandpastevents.（3）EmotionobjectiveStudentscanspeakEnglishconfidentlyinfrontoftheclass.TeachingContents:ThepassageisabouthowthecityofPompeiiwasdestroyedbyvolcanoeruption.Teachingkeypoints:Studentscanmasterthewordsaboutvolcanoeruptionandknowhowtodescribeanaturaldisaster.Teachingdifficultpoints:Studentscandescribeanaturaldisasterbyusingthewordsandsentencestructurestheyhavelearned.Teachingprocedures:Step1Lead-in（5minutes）九、根據(jù)提供的信息和語言素材設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)方案，用英文作答。設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)：請閱讀下面學(xué)生信息和語言素材．設(shè)計(jì)一節(jié)英語聽說課的教學(xué)方案。教案沒有固定格式。但須包含下列要點(diǎn)：teachingobjectivesteachingcontentskeyanddifficultpointsmajorstepsandtimeallocationactivitiesandjustifications教學(xué)時間：45分鐘學(xué)生概況：某城鎮(zhèn)普通中學(xué)八年級(初中二年級)學(xué)生，班級人數(shù)40人，多數(shù)學(xué)生已經(jīng)達(dá)到《義務(wù)教育英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2011年版)》三級水平，學(xué)生課堂參與積極性一般。語言素材：Girl1:WelcometotheEnglishclub.Todaywe'regoingtotalkaboutthebestwaystolearnEnglish.Whohasanidea?Boy1:DoyoulearnEnglishbywatchingEnglishvideos?Girl2:No.It'stoohardtounderstandthevoices.【答案】TeachingContents:ItcontainsadialogueaboutthebestwaystolearnEnglish.Itcanhelpstudentstolearnsomeimportantsentencepatterns.TeachingObjectives:(1)KnowledgeobjectiveStudentscanmasterthesentencepatterns:Whatabout...HaveyoueverstudiedwithagroupYes,Ihave.I'velearnedalotthatway.(2)AbilityobjectiveStudentscanimprovetheirlisteningandspeakingabilitiesandcommunicativecompetence.(3)EmotionalobjectiveStuden