閱讀理解難？支你幾招

閱讀理解難？支你幾招！目前閱讀理解的考查符合中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的目的和實(shí)踐。題材的選擇體現(xiàn)了“貼近時代、貼近生活、貼近學(xué)生”的原則。命題者熔知識性、趣味性、實(shí)用性于一爐，全方位多側(cè)面對學(xué)生的閱讀能力進(jìn)行檢測。5篇文章題材與體裁多樣化，信息含量大。英語高考中閱讀理解短文的題材廣泛，包括：政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文學(xué)、歷史、地理、社會生活、科普知識等。我們應(yīng)對的關(guān)鍵是要在有限的時間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實(shí)質(zhì)。突破方法在平日學(xué)習(xí)中養(yǎng)成總結(jié)閱讀理解解題方法，復(fù)習(xí)解題思路的習(xí)慣。不把精力都花在語法上。針對不同題材的閱讀理解文章分開掌握做題思路。保證解題質(zhì)量的前提下再追求解題速度。確保答題時間。平時不拖拉，5篇文章限時40分鐘。研讀體會高考評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。（見考綱）解題步驟迅速審題干，了解文章的大概重點(diǎn)（1-2分鐘）先瀏覽一下文章后面的題干及備選項(xiàng)是非常重要的一步。這樣可以了解答題要求，使自己的思路更加明確敏捷，做到心中有數(shù)，在閱讀是隨時留意與題目設(shè)置相關(guān)的信息。

2.速讀原文、了解大意要求明確了，我們就可以快速閱讀全文。所謂速讀，就是在盡可能短的時間內(nèi)，理解文章或段落的大致內(nèi)容?？焖匍喿x時，可以從以下幾方面去考慮：

①

盡量抓住關(guān)鍵詞句，特別注意名詞和動詞等，對于比較長的復(fù)合句，可以采用縮取主謂賓的方法，從而提高閱讀速度。

②

要特別重視短文中每段開頭和結(jié)尾的一、兩句的意思，因?yàn)樗鼈兪嵌温涞母爬ɑ蚩偨Y(jié)，為閱讀理解提供了直接信息。

③

在瀏覽的基礎(chǔ)上，對答題要求有了了解，因此在快速閱讀時，可用鉛筆將相關(guān)的信息詞劃出，其他內(nèi)容則可粗略讀過，縮小范圍。

④

閱讀中遇到生詞可利用構(gòu)詞法或上下文來進(jìn)行推斷，實(shí)在不行，可采用跳過去的辦法解決，千萬不要因?yàn)閹讉€生詞而放慢閱讀速度。

3.瞻前顧后、靈活作答

在第一步和第二步的基礎(chǔ)上，再細(xì)讀劃出的信息詞，并結(jié)合答題要求，逐條分析，一一作答。一般來說，答題的設(shè)計順序與文章內(nèi)容的發(fā)展順序基本一致。因此在這一環(huán)節(jié)中，我們可以先解決表層和中層的問題，再解決深層理解題，就不會感到太困難了。

4.復(fù)讀檢查、驗(yàn)證答案

在做完了閱讀理解題后，很有必要回過頭來重新仔細(xì)閱讀原文。這樣可以更深地理解短文，核查我們的答案有無錯誤。對理解不透或把握不準(zhǔn)的詞句，通過再次細(xì)讀揣摩，其意義就明朗了，從而最終敲定深層理解題的答案。上述四個步驟只是一般的思考方法而已，做閱讀理解題的方法多種多樣，因個人而異。閱讀理解能力不是一朝一夕就能提高的，要*平時的日積月累，不斷豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)，提高閱讀技能。

小提醒

1).平時閱讀雖不同于考試，也要杜絕“參照閱讀法”。一遇到生詞就查詞典的閱讀，借助于漢語翻譯的閱讀，一碰難句就搞語法分析的閱讀，是很難提高能力的。

2).堅決杜絕“心譯”的不良習(xí)慣，所謂“心譯”就是在閱讀時，將語句譯成母語，再通過母語來理解問題，這種方法十分有害，不利于閱讀能力的提高，必須努力克服，培養(yǎng)自己從英語角度理解英文的良好閱讀習(xí)慣。

3).盡量擴(kuò)大詞匯量。閱讀能力強(qiáng)的人往往詞匯量很大，他們不僅能快速閱讀，也能很好地理解閱讀材料，所以平時一定要多讀，并盡可能地讀一些英文原著?！白x書破萬卷，下筆如有神”就是這個道理。技巧點(diǎn)撥細(xì)節(jié)理解題1、常見的考查細(xì)節(jié)類的題目措辭如下：Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.NoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEexcept…Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?

Thestoryhappenedin_____.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)...?2、細(xì)節(jié)考查的不同方式：（1）轉(zhuǎn)換提問法出題者使用同義詞語、參照詞、代詞等，要求考生對已有信息進(jìn)行必要的轉(zhuǎn)換，以得出正確理解。例如：…Studentspushedtheirwayoutside.Longandloudfiresirenscouldbeheardnearby,andMrs.Pott’sembarrassmentwasutmostwhenshespottedatelevisioncrewfromalocalnewsstation.Theysquattedonthelawnandfilmedthemassdeparturefromtheschool.…Question:WhatmadeMrs.Pottfeelmostuncomfortable? A.Theheadadministratorgavethetroublemakerhisduepunishment. B.Theeventwouldprobablybebroadcastedbythelocalnewsstation. C.Otherstudentsdidn’tdoanythingtostopDarinfromcausingtrouble. D.HersewingclasswascompletelyspoiledbyDarin.本文中的embarrassmentwasutmost近義理解為題干中的feelmostuncomfortable，文中的atelevisioncrew和filmedthemassdeparture當(dāng)然可以理解為B項(xiàng)中probablybebroadcastedbythelocalnewsstation。因此答案為B。（2）真?zhèn)闻袛喾ǔ鲱}者提出片面的、不確切的，或完全錯誤的說法讓考生去判斷。這就要求考生找到與每個選項(xiàng)說法相應(yīng)的文章部分，了解正確肯定的事實(shí)，來排除不符合文章所交待的內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)。例如：AnadvertisementisjustlikeaSomebodyElseSaysquotationinanewsstory.Thenewspaperdoesnotsaythatwhattheadvertisersaysistrue.Allthenewspapersaysis,“Thisiswhattheadvertisersays.”Tofindoutwhetheritistrueornotwillbelefttothereaders.Allthestatementsintheadsaretheadvertiser’sstatements,notthepapers.Question:WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage? A.Thebuyershouldnotshareopinionswithadvertisers. B.Theeditorhastoanswerforthetruthofadsinthepaper. C.Thebuyerhimselfshouldfindoutwhetheranadistrueornot.D.Theadvertisershouldnotexpresshisownopinionsinanad.本題中的A、B、D三個選項(xiàng)均是對本文的錯誤理解，而文中的Tofindoutwhetheritistrueornotwillbelefttothereaders則可正確理解為C項(xiàng)Thebuyerhimselfshouldfindoutwhetheranadistrueornot.（3）計算提問法當(dāng)涉及時間、距離、價格、數(shù)量等數(shù)據(jù)等時，你必須經(jīng)過一些測算才能確定答案。例如：Thefirstrecordedsightingofatransitwasmade,innorthwestEngland,byJeremiahHerrocks,whohadworkedoutarepeaton4December,1639.Theintervals（時間上的間隔）betweentransitsfollowanunusualpattern:8years,then,then8,thenyears,andwilldosountil2984.Question:WhencanweseethetransitofVenusnexttimeaccordingtothetext? A.In2022 B.In2033 C.In2025 D.In2055這是一道較為復(fù)雜的計算題。從文章可知整個周期需要：8++8+=243（年），那么下一次應(yīng)該是在1639年以后的四個周期之后的2022。（4）補(bǔ)全事實(shí)提問法這是指根據(jù)文章提供的一部分事實(shí)，將文章沒有直接說明的另一部分事實(shí)在回答問題時去起來。例如：RescueworkersandvolunteersinFloridaworkednon-stoptohelpasmanydolphinsastheycouldtoreturntodeepwater.Somedolphinsmadeit.Abouttwodozendied.For35dolphinsindangertherewasonlyonechanceforsurvival—tobesenttotheMarineMammalsCareCenter.Thedolphinswereplacedinawaterpoolwheretheyhavebeengivenround-the-clockcarebyhundredsofvolunteerswhosignedupforfour-hourshifts（輪班）.Question:ThedolphinsstrandedonthebeachweresenttotheMarine A.theywerewarmlywelcomed B.theyweretakencareofandcured C.theyweretobetrained D.theywouldlivewithhumanbeings本文明確說明Thedolphinswereplacedinawaterpoolwheretheyhavebeengivenround-the-clockcare，所以theyweretakencareof是毫無疑問的，但cured則是要求考生根據(jù)第一小節(jié)的Somedolphinsmadeit（指returntodeepwater）對信息作出適當(dāng)?shù)难a(bǔ)充。猜測詞義1、常見的考查詞句理解的題目如下：Whenthewomansaid…,whatshemeantwas_______.Thephrase…means_______.Theunderlinedwords…referto________.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression…standsfor?Theword…h(huán)asthesamemeaningastheword_______.2、詞義猜測技巧閱讀理解中，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一定量的生詞，并且每年總有二至四題直接考查詞義、句義猜測。這充分體現(xiàn)了《教學(xué)大綱》和《考試說明》的要求，意在考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測生詞短語含義的能力，突出考查語境的分析和把握能力。猜詞能力不僅涉及到學(xué)生的語言知識水平，還涉及到學(xué)生的語言應(yīng)用能力和綜合素質(zhì)水平。在閱讀理解中，猜測詞義、句義題的特點(diǎn)是對生詞、短語，指示代詞和句子的猜測。其常見應(yīng)試技巧作如下簡單介紹：（1）同義法：通常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，這些詞或短語在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此確定同等關(guān)系中的某個生詞所屬的義域，甚至推知它的大致詞義。例如：Tofillthesalmonsupply,peoplehaveturnedtofishfarming,oraquaculture.Question:Whatdoestheunderlinedword“aquaculture”meanaccordingtothepassage? A.Itmeansthefastestgrowingfoodindustry. B.Itmeansfishfarming. C.Itmeansakindofculturewithwater. D.Itmeansraisingsalmononfarms.答案為B。（2）反義法：利用反義詞說明生詞的意義。如反義詞hotandcold.Giveandreceive,perfectandimperfect,甚至前、后句為肯定與否定、或是與不是等，在句內(nèi)詞與詞之間，在段內(nèi)句與句之間的關(guān)系上起著互為線索的作用。例如：Someplantshaverelativelyabilitynottobeaffectedbyagreatmanydiseases,whileothershavesusceptibilitytothem.Question:Theunderlinedwords“havesusceptibilityto”means_______. A.arenotlikelytobeinfluencedby B.arenotveryeasilycontrolledby C.areseldomattackedby D.areverylikelytobeharmedby本句中的while引導(dǎo)的是個表示轉(zhuǎn)折分句，意思是“然而”，因此前后句的意思應(yīng)該是相反的，A、B、C三種說法都與前面的分句一致，只有D表示相反的意思，是正確的。（3）釋義法：在文中的字里行間，對生詞以定語（從句）、表語甚至用逗號、破折號等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號引出并加以解釋說明的方式。例如：Aglobalizedworkforce,withbettertransportlinksandremoteaccesstoofficeresourcesmeansthattravelinglongdistancestoworkhasbecomecommonplaceandmorepopular.Jobcommutinghasbecomearealityformillionssopeoplecanchoosewheretheylive.Question:Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“Jobcommuting”mean? A.Jobhuntinginlargecities B.Househuntinginlargecities C.Travelinglongdistancetoworkeveryday D.Aprogramdesignedforjobhunting本文的第一個句子就是對后文劃線詞組的解釋，概括為C項(xiàng)的Travelinglongdistancetoworkeveryday。（4）情景推斷法：猜測任何詞義都離不開文章的語言情景，詞義可以從上下文的具體語言環(huán)境中推斷出來。例如：Somanyofusholdontothelittleresentment（怨憤）thatmayhavecomefromanargument,amisunderstanding,orsomeotherpainfulevents.Stubbornly,wewaitforsomeoneelsetoreachouttous,believingthisistheonlywaywecanforgiveorregainafriendshiporfamilyrelationship.Question:Theunderlinedpartmeans________. A.stretchoutone’shand B.givehelp C.offeranapology D.explainsomething本題是典型的利用情景推斷法來確定詞組的含義，從上下文的意思，尤其是下文的forgive，可以推知詞組的正確含義是“作出道歉”。（5）代詞替代法：一般來講，代詞所指代的內(nèi)容多在這一句話的前后句中。找到指代的內(nèi)容后把它放在那個代詞的位置上，看一看這句話是否合理，與前后的內(nèi)容是否一致，然后再判定它是否為正確答案。例如：Mostgreatinventorsinthecapitalist（資本主義的）societymeetwithmuchoppositiontotheirinventionsfromthepeoplewhoplacetheirinterestsbeforethoseofthepeople.Question:Theunderlinedword“those”refersto________. A.inventors B.inventions C.interests D.monopolies了解句子的含義：把他們自己的利益放在人民的利益之前?？梢娪胕nterests代替those句子意義成立，因此C項(xiàng)正確。（6）構(gòu)詞法根據(jù)學(xué)過的構(gòu)詞法知識，知道詞根和前綴或后綴的意義，就可猜出由它們組成的新詞詞義。例如：Wavesfromearthquake-generatedtsunamiscantravelatspeedsexceedingthoseofajetairplane,makinganearlywarningsystemallthemoreimportant,delegatessaid.Question:Theunderlinedword“exceeding”means________. A.equaling B.reaching C.greaterthan D.lowerthan根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法我們知道ex-前綴有“向外；脫離”之意，引申為“超出范圍”，所以可以推測為greaterthan。主旨?xì)w納1、常見考查文章或段落主題與中心思想的題目如下：Thebesttitleofthepassagemightbe_______.Themainideaofthepassageis_______.Thepassageismainlyabout_______.Thewriter’smainthoughtisthat_______.Whichtitlebestgivestheideaofthatpassage________?Whichofthefollowingsupportsthemainidea________?Whichofthefollowingcanbethebestheadlineofthepassage________?Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto_____.2、主旨?xì)w納題的常見情況：主旨判斷題通常考查短文或段落的標(biāo)題、中心思想等。解答這類題目的關(guān)鍵是對文章或各段主題句的尋找，必要時還要進(jìn)行歸納、總結(jié)，以期得出能夠涵蓋全文或整個段落的中心思想，不片面，同時不超越文章的所陳述的內(nèi)容。通常文章的主題句會出現(xiàn)篇（段）的開頭、末尾、中間，例如：（1）Aquacultureisoneoftheworld’sfastestgrowingfoodindustries.Itisreplacingcommercialfishinginmanyplacesandisreducingthepriceofsalmontoaboutathirdofitsearlierprice.Theotherbenefitofaquacultureisthatitallowsthewildsalmonpopulationtorecover.Aboutaquarterofamillionmoresalmonreturnedtotheirhomeriverstoproduceeggseachyearinthemid-1990s.Question:Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?A.Aquaculturehasreducedthepriceofsalmontoaboutathirdofitsearlierprice.B.Aquacultureisreplacingcommercialfishinginmanyplaces.C.Aquaculturebenefitsthewildsalmonpopulationtorecover.D.Aquaculturebenefitstheecosystemofthesalmonandpromotesthedevelopmentofthefoodindustry.本段文字的第二個句子是對整個段落的概括，后面舉了兩個例子，一是使價格降了下來，二是使salmon得以很好地繁殖。A、C都失之偏頗，而D則不是這一小節(jié)的內(nèi)容。所以B項(xiàng)正確。（2）“Thisresearchshowshowimportantitistogetallyoungpeopleworkinghardandteachthemthevalueofhighereducation,”hesaid.

Question:Themainpurposeoftheresearchis________. A.togivethegovernmentsomeadviceonhighereducation B.toshowussomeinformationabouthighereducation C.toshowthesexdifferenceinhighereducation D.tomakeallthestudentsworkhardandrealizetheimportanceofhighereducation本段文字是一篇調(diào)查報告的最后一小節(jié)，對于調(diào)查的效果作出說明，也是該調(diào)查的目的。選D。（3）Haveyoueverbeenafraidtotalkbackwhenyouweretreatedunfairly?Haveyoueverboughtsomethingjustbecausethesalesmantalkedyouintoit?Areyouafraidtoasksomeoneforadate?

Manypeopleareafraidtoassert(表現(xiàn))themselves.Dr.Alberti,authorofStandUp,SpeakOut,andTalkBack,thinksit’sbecausetheirself-respectislow.“Ourwholesetup(體制)isdesignedtomakepeopledistrustthemselves,”saysAlberti.“There’salways‘superior’around–aparent,ateacher,aboss–who‘knowsbetter’.Theresuperiorsoftengainwhentheychip(削弱)awayatyourself-image.”Question:Thepassagemainlydiscussestheproblemthat_____.A.peopleareeasilycheatedwhentheybuysomethingB.peopleareafraidtospeakforthemselvesC.somepeoplethinktoolowofthethemselvesD.somepeopleareafraidofsuperiors本文的第一小節(jié)以三個問句的形式舉例，第二小節(jié)一開始就上文的現(xiàn)象提出觀點(diǎn)，然后是關(guān)于此觀點(diǎn)的更多闡述。這正是“引題——主題思想——解釋”這一模式。答案選C當(dāng)然，有時候在敘述一件事的發(fā)展過程，或是陳述一系列同等重要的細(xì)節(jié)或事實(shí)之后，文章沒有明確地對主題思想作總結(jié)，而是要求讀者對此進(jìn)行正確的歸納，例如：InthesoutheasterncorneroftheUnitedStatesliesthestateofFlorida.ItisoneofthemostfamousplacesintheUnitedStates.Amongallthestates,Floridarankstwenty-secondinsizeandninthinpopulation.Itbecamethetwenty-seventhstateintheUSAin1854.ThecapitalisTallahassee,butthelargestcityisJacksonville.Floridahasapleasantclimate.IthassomanysunnydaysthatitsnicknameistheSunshineASpanishnamedPoncedeLeondiscoveredFloridain1513.Theword“Florida”inSpanishmeans“flowery”.Hemighthavegiventheareathisnamebecauseofcountlessflowersinthisarea.PoncedeLeonwentbacktoSpainbutreturnedin1521tocolonizethisarea.However,SpainunderestimatedthepoweroftheIndiansandtheIndianskilledPoncedeLeon.TwomoreSpanishgroupsarrivedbutwerequicklydefeatedbytheIndians.Finally,in1565theSpanishwereabletofoundthecitySaintAugustine.ThisistheoldestpermanentEuropeansettlementintheUnitedStates.Question:Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.TheSpanishintheUSA. B.SaintAugustine. C.ApleasantClimate. D.TheHistoryofFlorida.從本文的內(nèi)容可以歸納出其中心是介紹佛羅里達(dá)的歷史。推理分析1、推理分析的題目常見的題干有：Thewriterdoesn’tsaybutwecanknow__________.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageseemstobe__________.Thispassageisprobablytakenfrom____________.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_______________.Theauthorprobablyfeelsthat___________.Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage?Thewriterofthispassageisprobablya_____________.Thewriter’sattitudetoward….is__________.2、分析推理題的類別（1）簡單推理，常見設(shè)題形式有：Supposing…,_________willhappen?If…,wecansay_________.Fromthetext,wecaninferthatthewriterwould________.Whatisthemostprobableendingofthestory?所謂簡單推理就是以表面文字為前提，以具體事實(shí)為依據(jù)對某些細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推理，或?qū)适碌慕Y(jié)局作出推理。這種推理方式比較直接，只要弄清事實(shí)，即可結(jié)合常識推斷出合理的結(jié)論。例如：Therearetwogeneralkindsofvoicelifts.Insomecases,implantsareinsertedthroughanincision（切口）inthenecktobringthevocalcords（聲帶）closertogether.Doctorsalsoinjectfatorothersubstancestomakethecordsbiggersothatthevoicesoundsyounger.Question:Ifonehasagoodvoice,wecansay________. A.hehasimplantsinhisneck B.hisvocalcordsarebigandclose C.hehasavoicelift D.hehasafacelift從文中信息可以容易地知道voicelift是使cords變close和big來使聲音聽起來年輕悅耳，因此可推知B項(xiàng)為正確答案。（2）復(fù)雜推理復(fù)雜推理不但要以文字為依據(jù),而且還要以文章的語境、內(nèi)涵為前提。這是一種間接而復(fù)雜的邏輯推理方式?？忌茢喑鑫恼聸]有表明但又合乎邏輯的推理,就必須由表及里地歸納或演繹。下面是幾種復(fù)雜的推理方法:A.如何推測作者的寫作目的和作態(tài)度，常見設(shè)題形式有：…ismentionedinorderto…Whydoestheauthormention…?Thepurposeinwritingthistextisto________.Theauthorwritesthispassageto______.Theauthorinthispassageintendsto________.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?推測作者的寫作目的,必須要先了解文章的主題,然后分析作者的論述方法、論述的重點(diǎn)和材料的安排。例如：Olderpeople,tiredfromaday’swork,arenotasnobleasbefore,evenfarfromit.Manyargumentsorquarrelsbreakoutastheypushandpulleachothertogetonbusesandtrains.Question:Onthetrainorbus,accordingtotheauthor,olderpeople_________. A.oftenoffertheirseatstoothers B.aretreatedbetterthanyoungerpeople C.arenomorethoughtfulthanyoungerpeopletowardseachother D.areveryselfishtowardsyoungerpeople從asnobleasbefore,evenfarfromit可以推知olderpeople的行為不比youngerpeople來得禮貌體貼。B.如何推斷文章的出處，常見設(shè)題形式有：Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom______.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof______.判斷體裁應(yīng)根據(jù)其寫作特點(diǎn)和敘述的內(nèi)容，故事、評論、闡述對話各有其特點(diǎn)，是不難區(qū)分的。判斷其來源要留心所選的部分是哪一類的，涉及哪方面的內(nèi)容。一篇故事是不可能取材于科學(xué)雜志，新聞報道也不可能刊載在書評內(nèi)。因此，判斷文章來源應(yīng)將文章的形式及內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)加以綜合考慮才能下結(jié)論。例如：Linguists(語言學(xué)家)believethatthelanguagesofaboutone-thirdofthehumanracealldevelopedfromoneIndo-Europeanlanguage.Butwhowerethespeakersofthisancientlanguage?Linguisticdetectiveworkofferssomeclues.It’ssometimessaidthatyoucandeduce(推斷)apeople’shistoryfromthewordstheyuse.StudyofsomefiftyancientvocabularieshasledtoareconstructionofthelifestyleofthefirstIndo-European,avanished(消失的)people…Question:Wheredoyouthinkthispassageprobablyappeared? A.Inanarticlemeantforgeneralreaders. B.Inanarticlemeantforlinguists C.Inanarticleforspecialistsinarchaeology D.Inanarticleforspecialistsinhistory這段文字作者以第三者的視角向讀者介紹了語言的發(fā)展，因此不是寫給linguists看的，從內(nèi)容來看也不是講考古或歷史，從語氣來看比較親切，比如用了疑問句以及It’ssometimessaidthatyoucan…中的第二人稱。由此可見是寫給一般讀者看的。而有些文章則很容易從其內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處，比如：報道前面會出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱；廣告因其格式特殊，容易辨認(rèn)；產(chǎn)品說明、器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式；而藥品的服用說明會告知服用時間、次數(shù)、藥量等。這里不再舉例贅述。C.如何推斷人物性格，常見設(shè)題形式有：Whatdoweknowaboutsomebodyinthetext?Whatkindofmansomebodyis?Somebodycanbesaidtobe______.做這類題時一定要注意準(zhǔn)確把握字里行間的意思,切忌用自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)；特別注意表達(dá)情感、態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)的詞語。例如：Daddidsomanythingsformeduringmyprimaryschoolyears.Heaskedtheschoolbusdrivertopickmeupatmyhouseinsteadoftheusualbusstopthatwassixblocksaway.HealwayshadmylunchreadywhenIcamehome—usuallyasandwichthatwasshapedfortheseason.MyfavoritewasatChristmas.Thesandwicheswouldbecoveredwithgreensugarandcutintheshapeofatree.Question:Theauthorlistssomanydetailsinordertoshow_______. A.herfatherwaschildish B.herfatherwascarefulandthoughtful C.shefailedtogainindependence D.herfatherwasnotlikeaman這段文字的第一句已經(jīng)對Dad作出了肯定的評價，后面的例子進(jìn)一步說明了Dad的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)，所以B項(xiàng)才正確地判斷了任務(wù)的性格。D.如何判斷和預(yù)測前后的內(nèi)容,常見設(shè)題形式有：Theparagraphpreceding（先于...）thisonemostprobablydiscusses...

Theparagraphprecedingthisextractprobablydealwith...Whatdoestheparagraphfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscuss?

Whatdoyouthinktheauthorwilldiscussinthenextpart?Theauthorintendtoexplainnext...

Accordingtothepassageyou'veread,thewriterwillprobablysuggestnext...解這種題目最好是帶著問題去閱讀。首先，我們對所讀的選段要有一個全局的概念，弄清它所涉及的全部內(nèi)容，哪些可能已談過，哪些還沒談。其次，我們要從文章的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)上去分析。一篇文章通常由導(dǎo)言、正文和結(jié)束語構(gòu)成。導(dǎo)言一般要概述全篇內(nèi)容，它規(guī)定了文章的主線或中心內(nèi)容。借助導(dǎo)言，我們能緊緊把握作者的思路，從而有利于對文章的理解。正文是文章的主體，也是最常選摘的部分。正文的各段內(nèi)容都由導(dǎo)言確定，也就是說，正文不論述導(dǎo)言中未提及的觀點(diǎn)和內(nèi)容。結(jié)束語是文章的收尾部分，尤其是正式論文往往通過它而使全篇得到提綱挈領(lǐng)的概括并從中得出結(jié)論。因此，通過對文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的分析，就可判斷已談了什么或?qū)⒁勈裁?。例如：Scientistshaveworkedhardtofigureoutaverageairtemperatureinordertoseehowmuchthesehavechanged.OneofourbestestimatesisthattheEarthhaswarmedupabout1F°inthepasthundredyears.Thatmaynotsoundlikemuch,butfortheplanetevensmallchangesintemperaturehavebigeffects.Question:Iftherewereaparagraphfollowingthispassage,whatwoulditmostprobablytalkabout? A.TheinfluencethatthesmallchangesintemperaturewillhaveontheEarth. B.Theincreasingtemperaturethatmoreandmorecarbondioxideiscausing. C.Thegreenhouseeffectcausedbyseriouspollution. D.TheconstructionofthebiglaboratoryinthePacificOcean.從本段文字的最后一句可知后文很有可能對這一論點(diǎn)作進(jìn)一步的論證和說明，而B、C、D都與該段文字內(nèi)容相距甚遠(yuǎn)，所以A正確。典例剖析（2022湖北高考）AtonetimenoonecouldtravelonanEnglishroadfasterthanfourmilesanhour.Thatwasthelawuntil1896.Amanhadtowalkinfrontofacarwhichcouldnotgofasterthantheman.Atnightthemanhadtocarryaredlamp. OnceCharlesRollsbroughtacarfromFrancetoEngland,buthewantedtodrivefasterthanfourmilesanhour.Inordertohavenotroublewiththepolice,hehadatalkwithsomeofthepoliceofficers,whoorderedtheirpolicementolooktheotherwaywhenthecarcamealongtheroad.Thiswasagoodplaninthecountry,butnotsoeasytofollowinthebusystreetsofLondon. OnenightRollsandsomefriendsstartedfromLondonontheirjourneytoCambridge.Oneofthemenwalkedinfrontwiththeredlamp,buthewalkedasfastashecould.Thepolicebecameveryinterestedinwallsandshop-frontswhentheyheardthecar,andnotoneofthemsawit. Theyreachedahill;butwhatawasteoftimeitwastodrivedownthehillatfourmilesanhour!Rollswasgettingreadytojumpintothecar;butthenhenoticedapolicemanwhowasnotlookingtheotherway.Theslowcarreachedhim. “Goodevening,”saidthepoliceman,lookingatthecar. “Goodevening,”saidRolls,holdingthelamp. “Oneofthesehorselessthings,”saidthepoliceman,lookingatitwithinterest. “Yes,”saidRolls,andwaited. “I’veoftenwantedarideinone;butofcoursepolicemencan’tbuythingslikethat.”HeturnedandlookedhopefullyinRolls’sface. “Jumpin,”saidRolls. “Thanks,”saidthepoliceman,anddidso.“Now,”hesaid,sittingdown,“youcanletitgojustasyoulikedownthishill.Thereisn’tanotherpolicemanonthisroadforamileandahalf.”1．Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat. A．theycouldwatchthecarcomingfromtheotherdirection B．thecarcouldgofasterthanfourmilesanhour C．theycouldmakesurenoonewasintheway D．thecarwouldnothitthemontheroad2．Inwhatwaydidthepolicemencarryouttheorderfromtheirofficers? A．TheygreetedRollswhenthecarcamealong. B．Theywalkedinfrontofthecarwitharedlamp. C．Theypretendedtobeattractedbysomethingelse. D．Theystoodondutyeverymilesalongtheroad.3．Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto. A．teachRollsalesson B．takeafreeridehome C．haveatalkwithRolls D．haveacarrideexperience4．Afterthepolicemanjumpedintothecar,Rolls. A．darednotdrivethecarfasterthanhewasallowedto B．coulddriveasfastashewishedwithinacertaindistance C．coulddriveonanyroadhelikedfortherestofthejourney D．drovehiscarasfastashecoulddownthehilltoCambridge[答案與解析]1．B詞義猜測題。這個短語本身不難理解，但是在上下文中體現(xiàn)了文中人物的行為目的，因此不能望文生義地選A。2．C細(xì)節(jié)推測題。從文中的情景來看，警察應(yīng)該不會對wallsandshop-fronts感興趣到聽不見車開過來的聲音這種地步，所以可以推測他們是假裝沒聽到。3．D人物心理推測題。從下文可知他想要體驗(yàn)一下坐車的感覺。4．B故事結(jié)局推測題。從文章的最后一句話可知：在amileandahalf這段距離內(nèi)可以想開多快就多快。練一練1VeryfewpeoplewerecomingtoeatattheWhitewhattodo.Thepricewasreasonableandthefoodwasofgoodquality,butnobodyseemedtowanttoeatthere.Thenhedidsomethingthatchangedallthat,andinafewweekshisrestaurantisalwaysfullofmenwiththeirladyfriends.Wheneveragentlemancameinwithalady,asmilingwaitergaveeachofthemamenu(菜單),Themenulookedexactlythesameontheoutside,buttherewasanimportantdifferenceinside.Themenuthatthewaitergavetothemansuppliedthecorrectpriceforeachdishandeachbottleofwine.whilethemenuthathegavetotheladysuppliedamuchhigherprice!Sowhenthemancalmlyordereddishafterdishandwineafterwine,theladythoughthewasmuchmoregenerous(慷慨)thanhereallywas.1.Whydidn’tpeoplecometotheWhiteA.Becausethepricewashigh.B.Becausethefoodwastoocheap.C.Becausethefoodwasnotgood.D.Thepassagedidn’tmention.2.Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethatthepeoplewhoeatatthisrestaurantaremostly_______.A.pooroldpeopleB.richyoungpeopleC.menwiththeirgirlfriendsD.parentswiththeirchildren3.Thedifferencebetweenthetwokindsofmenuliein_______.A.thecolor B.theshapeC.thepriceD.thefood4.Accordingtothepassagewecaninferthatwhenmenwiththeirgirlfriendseatatthisrestaurant,thefoodwaspaid_______.A.alwaysbytheladiesonlyB.alwaysbythemenonlyC.sometimesbytheladiesD.eitherbythemenorbytheladies5.Accordingtothepassagewecanknowthat,generallyspeaking,_____.A.menaremoregenerousthanwomenB.womenaremoregenerousthanmenC.menliketheirladyfriendstobegenerousD.womenliketheirmenfriendstobegenerous【答案與解析】盡管WhiteRose餐館價錢合理，飯菜也好，但很少有人光顧，店主為此想出了一條妙計，從此餐館生意興隆。1.D。判斷題。根據(jù)第1段可知原文沒有說人們?yōu)槭裁床坏讲宛^就餐，所以答案為D。2.C。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第2段第1句…h(huán)isrestaurantisalwaysfullofmenwiththeirladyfriends可知答案為C。3.C。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第2段Themenuthatthewaitergavetothemansuppliedthecorrectpriceforeachdishandeachbottleofwine.While…theladysuppliedamuchhigherprice可知答案為C。4.B。推斷題。根據(jù)最后一句Sowhenthemancalmlyordereddishafterdishandwineafterwine,theladythoughthewasmuchmoregenerousthanhereallywas可推斷出答案為B。5.D。推斷題。根據(jù)原文可知侍者給男士的那個菜單價格合理，而給女士的那個菜單價格卻很高，但兩種菜單表面上看卻一樣，這樣女士就會認(rèn)為她們的男友很大方，因此餐館的這種做法很受男士歡迎，由此可知女人們喜歡自己的男友大方。所以答案為D。2WhenJohnsoncalledagain,themanagerreceivedhimverypolitely.“Thatisamostremarkableoilyoubroughtus,MrJohnson,”hesaid.Johnsonnoddedhissmooth,darkhead.Thatwassomethingheknewverywell.“I’veneverseenanythinglikeit,”themanageradmitted.Johnsonnoddedagain.“No?”hesaidpolitely.Thenheadded,“ButIthinkyouwill,sir.Averygreatdealofit.”Heappearedtothinkforamoment.“Ithinkyouwillfinditwillbeonsaleseven,perhaps,eightyearsfromnow.”Hesmiled.Themanagerthoughtthatwasuncertain.Hesaid,“Itisbetterthanourfishoils.Iadmitthat.”“SoIamtold,sir,”agreedJohnson.“Haveyouanyplanstoproduceityourself,MrJohnson?”“WouldIbeshowingittoyouifIhad?”Johnsonsmiledagain.“Wemightaddsomechemicalstooneofourownfishoils,”saidthemanager.“Itwouldbeexpensivetodothat,evenifyoucould,”Johnsonsaidgently.“Besides,”headded,“Iamtoldthatthisoilwillbemuchcheaperthanyourbestfishoils.Cheaperthananyvegetableoil,infact.”“Perhaps,”saidthemanage.“Well,Isupposeyouwanttomakeanarrangement,MrJohnson.Shallwediscussit?”“Ofcourse,”saidJohnson.“Therearetwowaysofdealingwithasituationofthissort.Theusualoneistopreventitaltogetheroratleasttodelayitaslongaspossible.Thatis,ofcourse,thebestway.”Themanagernodded.Heknewplentyaboutallthat.“ButIamsosorryforyou,because,yousee,thatisnotpossiblethistime.”Themanagerhadhisdoubts,butallhesaidwasaninquiring(asking),“Oh?”“Theotherway,”continuedJohnson,“istoproduceyourselfbeforethetroublestarts.”1.Themanagerthoughtofaddingchemicalstothefishoiltomakeit_______.A.cheaperthanthenewoilB.morequicklyC.moreexpensiveD.asgoodasthenewoil2.Johnson’snewoilwouldbe_______.A.moreexpensivethanfishoil,butbetterB.lessexpensive,andbetterC.lessexpensive,butnotgoodD.moreexpensive,andnotsogood3.Johnsonexpressedhisregretthatthemanager_______.A.couldnotstopthenewoilbeingmadeB.wouldneverknowhowtomakeitC.hadspentalotofmoneyonitD.didn’tknowenoughaboutit4.Johnsonshowedhisnewoiltothemanagerbecausehewanted_______.A.toproduceithimselfB.topreventitbeingproducedC.tobepaidnottoproduceitD.themanagertoproduceit【答案解析】本文講述了科技產(chǎn)品開發(fā)者尋求生產(chǎn)商投資生產(chǎn)的問題。1.D。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第2段…Itisbetterthanourfishoils和第6段…Wemightaddsomechemicalstoourownfishoils可知它的目的是D。2.B。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第6段的…thisoilwillbemuchcheaperthanyourbestfishoils和第2段的…Itisbetterthanourfishoils可推知答案為B。3.A。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第2段ButIamsosorryforyou,because,yousee,thatisnotpossiblethistime可知D為正確選項(xiàng)。4.D。推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段及全文的分析可知Johnson的目的是想要該經(jīng)理生產(chǎn)…thenewoils，故選D。3CostofAmericanWarswarnamecostofthewarcostasapercentofannualGDPRevolutionaryWarUS$billion(in2022dollars)63%Warof1812US$billion13%MexicanWarUS$billion3%CivilWarUS$62billion104%SpanishAmericanWarUS$billion3%WorldWarIUS$190.6billion24%WorldWarIIUS$trillion103%KoreanWarUS$billion15%VietnamWarUS$billion12%FirstUS$billion1%1.Whichwarscostmorethanayear’sworthoftheGDP?AFirstC.WorldWarIIandRevolutionaryWar D.MexicanWarandCivilWar 2.TheAmericanannualgrossdomesticproductin1951was_________.A.trillio