2008年考研英語二(MBA聯考)真題試卷及答案

SectionIVocabularyDirections:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Oilisanimportant materialwhichcanbeprocessedintomanydifferentproducts,includingplastics.ArawBbleakCflexibleDfertileThehighlivingstandardsoftheUScauseitspresentpopulationto 25percentoftheworld’soil.AassumeBconsumeCresumeDpresumeYoushouldn’tbeso___---Ididn’tmeananythingbadinwhatIsaid.AsentimentalBsensibleCsensitiveDsophisticatedPicassowasanartistwhofundamentallychangedthe___ofartforlatergenerations.A.philosophyBconceptCviewpointDthemeMemberstateshadtheoptionto fromthisagreementwithoneyear’snotice.AdenyBobjectCsuspectDwithdrawThetwocountriesachievedsomeprogressinthesphereoftraderelations,traditionallyasourceof irritation.AmutualBoptionalCneutralDparallelWilliamshadnotbeenthereduringthe___momentswhenthekidnappinghadtakenplace.AsuperiorBrigorousCvitalDuniqueTravelaroundJapantoday,andoneseesforeignresidentsawide ofjobs.ArangeBfieldCscaleDareaModernmanufacturinghas___aglobalriverofmaterialsintoastunningarrayofnewproducts.AtranslatedBtransformedCtransferredDtransportedLightninghasbeenthesecondlargeststormkillerintheUSoverthepast40yearsandis onlybyflood.AexceededBexcelledCexcludedDextendedVoiceswere astheargumentbetweenthetwomotoristsbecamemorebad-tempered.swollenB.increasedC.developedD.raisedSomesuffererswillquicklyberestoredtoprefecthealth,___otherswilltakealongertime.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.whereasMybrotherlikeseatingverymuchbutheisn’tvery___aboutthefoodheeats.A.specialB.peculiarC.particularD.unusualBritainmightstillbepartofFranceifitweren’t adisastrousflood200.000yearsago,accordingtoscientistsfromImperialCollegeinLondon.A.uponB.withC.inD.forThewaterprizeisaninternationalawardthat__outstandingcontributionstowardssolvingglobalwaterproblems.A.recognizesB.requiresC.releasesD.relaysInits14yearsof_ ,theEuropeanUnionhasearnedthescornofitscitizensandskepticismfromtheUnitedStates.A.enduranceB.emergenceC.existenceD.eminenceHisexcuseforbeinglatethismorningwashiscarhad__inthesnow.A.startedupB.gotstuckC.setbackD.stoodbywidespreadbeliefcockroaches(螳螂)wouldnottakeovertheworldiftherewerenoaroundtosteponthem.A.InviewofB.ThankstoC.IncaseofD.ContrarytoConsciouslyornot,ordinarycitizensandgovernmentbureaucratsstill thenotionthatJapanesesocietyisauniqueculture.A.fitinwithB.lookdownonC.clingtoD.holdbackAsyoucanseebyyourself,things tobeexactlyastheprofessorhadforeseen.A.turnedinB.turnedoutC.turnedupD.turneddownSectionIICloze(10points)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)OlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryearsatadifferentsite,inwhichathletes_21__differentnationscompeteagainsteachotherina__22_ofsports.TherearetwotypesofOlympics,theSummerOlympicsandthewinterOlympics.Inorderto__23__theOlympics,acitymustsubmitaproposaltotheinternationalOlympiccommittee(IOC).Afterallproposalshavebeen_24___,theIOCvotes.Ifonecityissuccessfulingainingamajorityinthefirstvote,thecitywiththefewestvotesiseliminated,andvotingcontinueswith__25__rounds,untilamajoritywinnerisdetermined.TypicallytheGamesareawardedseveralyearsinadvance,__26__thewinningcitytimetopreparefortheGames.Inselectingthe_27__oftheOlympicGames,theIOCconsidersanumberoffactors,chiefamongthemwhichcityhas,orpromisestobuild,thebestfacilities,andwhichorganizingcommitteeseemsmostlikelyto_28__theGameseffectively.TheIOCalso_29__whichpartsoftheworldhavenotyethostedtheGames._30__,Tolkyo,Japan,thehostofthe1964SummerGames,andMexicocity,Mexico,thehostofthe1968summerGames,werechosen_31__topopularizetheOlympicmovementInAsiaandinLatinAmerica._32__thegrowingimportanceoftelevisionworldwide,theIOCinrecentyearshasalsotakeninto_33__thehostcity’stimezone._34__theGamestakeplaceintheUnitedStatesorCanada,forexample,Americantelevisionnetworksarewillingtopay_35___higheramountsfortelevisionrightsbecausetheycanbroadcastpopularevents__36 ,inprimeviewinghours.___37__theGameshavebeenawarded.Itistheresponsibilityofthelocalorganizingcommitteetofinancethem.ThisisoftendonewithaportionoftheOlympictelevision___38_andwithcorporatesponsorships,ticketsales,andothersmallerrevenuesources.Inmany__39___thereisalsodirectgovernmentsupport.AlthoughmanycitieshaveachievedafinancialprofitbyhostingtheGames,theOlympicscanbefinancially__40___.WhentherevenuesfromtheGameswerelessthanexpected,thecitywasleftwithlargedebts.A.inB.forC.ofD.fromA.lotB.numberC.varietyD.seriesA.hostB.takeC.runD.organizeA.supportedB.submittedC.substitutedD.subordinatedA.suggestiveB.successfulC.successiveD.succeedingA.lettingB.settingC.permittingD.allowingA.siteB.spotC.locationD.placeA.stateB.stageC.startD.sponsorA.thinksB.reckonsC.considersD.calculatesA.ForinstanceB.AsaresultC.InbriefD.OnthewholeA.intimeB.inpartC.incaseD.incommonA.SinceB.BecauseC.AsforD.BecauseofA.amountB.accountC.accordD.acclaimA.HoweverB.WhateverC.WheneverD.WhereverA.greatlyB.handsomelyC.meaningfullyD.significantlyA.liveB.livingC.aliveD.livelyA.UntilB.UnlessC.WhetherD.OnceA.incomesB.interestsC.revenuesD.returnsA.casesB.conditionsC.chancesD.circumstancesA.safeB.riskyC.temptingD.feasibleSectionIIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Therearefourpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletteronANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:LastweekendKyleMacDonaldinMontrealthrewapartytocelebratethefactthathegothisnewhomeinexchangeforaredpaperclip.Startingayearago,MacDonaldbarteredtheclipforincreasinglyvaluablestuff,includingacampstoveandfreerentinaPhoenixflat.Havingannouncedhisaim(thehouse)inadvance,MacDonaldlikelygotaboostfromtechieseagertoseetheInternetpassthisdaringtestofitsnetworkingpower.“Mywholemotto(座右銘)was‘Startsmall,thinkbig,andhavefun’,”saysMacDonald,26,“Ireallykeptmyeffortonthecreativesideratherthanthebusinessside.”YetasoddastheMacDonaldexchangewas,barterisnowbigbusinessontheNet.Thisyearmorethan400,000companiesworldwidewillexchangesome$10billionworthofgoodsandservicesonagrowingnumberofbartersites.TheseWebsitesallowcompaniestotradeproductsforavirtualcurrency,whichtheycanusetobuygoodsfromothermembers.InIceland,garment-makerKapusalansellsathirdofitsoutputontheboomingVidskiptanetidexchange,earningvirtualmoneythatitusestobuymachineryandpaypartofemployeesalaries.TheTroc-servicesexchangeinFranceoffersmorethan4,600services,frommathlessonstoironing.Thisisnotaprimitivebartersystem.Bycreatingcurrencies,theInternetremovesamajorbarrier—whatBobMeyer,publisherofBarterNews,calls“thedoublecoincidenceofwants.”Thatis,twopartiesoncenotonlyhadtofindeachother,butalsoanexchangeofgoodsthatbothdesired.Now,theycanpricethedealinvirtualcurrency.Barteralsohelpsfirmsmakeuseofidlecapacity.Forexample,advertisingis“hugelybartered”becausemanymedia,particularlyontheWebcansupplynewadspaceatlittlecost.Moreover,Internetadsdon’tregisterinindustry-growthstatistics,becausemanyexchangesarearrangedoutsidetheformalexchanges.LikeeBay,mostbartersitesallowmembersto“grade”tradingpartnersforhonestyqualityandsoon..Barterexchangescanallowfirmsincountrieswithhyperinflationornontradablecurrenciestoenterglobaltrades.Nextyear,anonprofitexchangecalledQuickLiftTwo(QL2)planstoopeninNairobi,offeringbarterdealsto38,000Kenyanfarmersinremoteareas.Twosmallplaneswilldeliverthegoods.QL2directorGaciiWaciumasaysthefarmersareexcitedtobe“l(fā)iberatedfromcorruptmiddlemen.”Forthem,barterevokesabrightfuture,notaprecapitalistpast.Theword“techies”(Line4,Para1)probablyreferstothosewhoare___.A.afraidoftechnologyB.skilledintechnologyC.ignorantoftechnologyD.incompetentintechnologyManypeoplemayhavedeliberatelyhelpedKylebecausethey___.A.wereimpressedbyhiscreativityB.wereeagertoidentifywithhismottoC.likedhisgoalannouncedinadvanceD.hopedtoprovethepoweroftheInternet43.TheInternetbartersystemreliesheavilyon___.A.thesizeofbarterstiesB.theuseofvirtualcurrencyC.thequalityofgoodsorservicesD.thelocationoftradingcompanies]ItisimpliesthatInternetadvertisementscanhelp___.A.companiesmakemoreprofitB.companiesdoformalexchangesC.mediaregisterinstatisticsD.mediagradebartersitesWhichofthefollowistrueofQL2accordingtotheauthor?Itiscriticizedfordoingbusinessinaprimitiveway.Itaimstodealwithhyperinflationinsomecountries.Ithelpsgetridofmiddlemenintradeandexchange.Itisintendedtoevaluatetheperformanceoftradingpartners.Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:ThelivesofveryfewNewarkresidentsareuntouchedbyviolence:NewJersey’sbiggestcityhasseenitall.Yetthemurderofthreeyoungpeople,whowereforcedtokneelbeforebeingshotinthebackoftheheadinaschoolplaygroundonAugust4th,hasshakenthecity.Afourth,whosurvived,wasstabbedandshotintheface.Thefourvictimswerebyallaccountsgoodkids,allenrolledincollege,allwithafuture.Butthecruelmurder,itseems,hasatlastforcedNewarkerstosaytheyhavehadenough.Grassrootsorganizations,likeStopShooting,havebeenfloodedwithoffersofhelpandsupportsincethekillings.YusefIsmail,itsco-founder,saysthegrouphasbeengoingdoor-to-dooraskingpeopletosignapledgeofnon-violence.Theyhopetoget50,000topromiseto“stopshooting,startthinking,andkeepliving.”TheNewarkCommunityFoundation,whichwaslaunchedlastmonth,announcedonAugust14ththatitwillhelppayforCommunityEye,asurveillance(監(jiān)視)systemtailoredtowardsguncrime.CoryBookerwhobecamemayor13monthsagowithamissiontorevitalizethecity,believesthesurveillanceprogramwillbethelargestcameraandaudionetworkinanyAmericancity.Morethan30cameraswereinstalledearlierthissummerandafurther50willbeinstalledsooninaseven-squaremileareawhere80%ofthecity’srecentshootingshaveoccurred.Andmorecamerasareplanned.Whenagunshotisdetected,thesurveillancecamerazoomsinonthatspot.SimilartechnologyinChicagohasincreasedarrestsanddecreasedshootings.Mr.Bookerplanstoannounceacomprehensivegunstrategylaterthisweek.Mr.Booker,aswellaschurchleadersandothers,believes(orhopes)thatafterthemurderthecitywillnolongerstandbyincoldness.Forgenerations,Newarkhasbeenparalyzedbypoverty almostoneinthreepeoplelivesbelowthepovertyline andgrowingindifferencetocrime.Someareskeptical.SteveMalangaoftheconservativeManhattanInstitutenotesthatNewarkhasdeepsocialproblems:over60%ofchildrenareinhomeswithoutfathers.Theschoolsystem,takenoverbythestatein1995,isamess.Butthereisalsosomecauseforhope.SinceMr.Bookerwaselected,therehasbeenariseininvestmentandre-zoningfordevelopment.Onlyaround7%ofnearbyNewarkairportworkersusedtocomefromNewark;now,ayear,thefigureis30%.MrBookerhaslaunchedaNewYork-stylewaroncrime.Sofarthisyear,crimehasfallen11%andshootingsaredown30%(throughthemurderratelookslikelytomatchlastyear’shigh).WhathappenedinNewark,NewJerseyonAugust4th?TheNewarkresidentswitnessedamurder.Fouryoungpeoplewerekilledinaschoolplayground.ThenewmayorofNewarktookoffice.Fourcollegestudentsfellvictimtoviolence.Judgingfromthecontext,the“CommunityEye”(Line5,Para2)is A.awatchingsystemforguncrimeB.aneighborhoodprotectionorganizationC.anunprofitablecommunitybusinessD.agrassrootsorganization48.WelearnfromthepassagethatNewarkhasallthefollowingproblemsEXCEPT A.violenceB.floodC.povertyD.indifferenceMayorBooker’seffortagainstcrimeseemtobe A.idealisticB.impracticalC.effectiveD.fruitlessThebesttitleforthepassagemaybe StopShooting,StartThinking,andKeepLivingEffortstoFightagainstGunCrimesAMissiontoRevitalizetheCityViolentMurdersinNewarkQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Accordingtoarecentsurveyonmoneyandrelationships,36percentofpeoplearekeepingabankaccountfromtheirpartner.Whilethisfinancialunfaithfulnessmayappearasdistrustinarelationship,intruthitmayjustbeaformoffinancialprotection.Withalmosthalfofallmarriagesendingindivorce,menandwomenarerealizingtheyneedtobefinanciallysavvy,regardlessofwhethertheyareinarelationship.Thefinancialhardshiponindividualsafteradivorcecanbeextremelydifficult,evenmoresowhenchildrenareinvolved.Thelackofpermanencyinrelationships,jobsandfamilylifemaybethecauseofagrowingtrendtokeepasecretbankaccounthiddenfromapartner;inotherwords,an”escapefund”.Margaret’sstoryisfarfromunique.Sheisarepresentativeofagrowingnumberofwomeninlong-termrelationshipswhoarebecomingprotectiveoftheirownearnings.Everymonthonpayday,shebankshundredsofdollarsintoasavingsaccountshekeepsfromherhusband.Shehasbeendoingthisthroughouttheirsix-yearmarriageandhasbuiltanesteggworthanincredible$100,000ontopofherpension.Margaretsaysifherhusbandfoundoutabouthersecretsavingshe’dhurtandwouldinterpretthisasasignshewasn’tsureofthemarriage.”He’dthinkitwasmyescapefunsothatfinanciallyIcouldaffordtogetoutoftherelationshipifitwentwrong.IknowyoushouldapproachmarriageasbeingforeverandIhopeoursis,butyoucanneverbesure.”Likemanyofherfellowsecretsavers,Margaretwasstunginaformerrelationshipandhassincebeenveryguardedaboutherownmoney.Comingcleantoyourpartneraboutbeingasecretsavermaynotbeallthatbad.TakeColleenforexample,whohadbeensavingsecretlyforafewyearsbeforesheconfessedtoherpartner.”Idecidedtoopenasavingsaccountandstartbuildinganesteggofmyown.IwantedtoprovetomyselfthatIcouldputmoneyinthebankandleaveitthereforarainyday.”“WhenJohnfoundoutaboutmysecretsavings,hewasalittlesuspiciousofmymotives.IreassuredhimthatthiswascertainlynotanescapefundthatIfeelverysecureinoutrelationship.Ihavetoadmitthatitdoesfeelgoodtohavemyownmoneyonreserveifevertherearerainydaysinthefuture.It’ssensibletobuildandprotectyourpersonalfinancialsecurity.”Thetrendtokeepasecretbankaccountisgrowingbecause A.escapefundhelpsonethroughrainydaysB.daysaregettingharderandharderC.womenaremoneysensitiveD.financialconflictsoftenoccurTheword“savvy”(Line2,Para2)probablymeans A.suspiciousB.secureC.shrewdD.simpleWhichinferencecanwemakeaboutMargaret?A.Sheisauniquewoman.B.Shewasoncedivorced.C.Sheisgoingtoretire.D.Shehasmanychildren.TheauthormentionsColleen’sexampletoshow anycouplecanavoidmarriageconflictsprivacywithinmarriageshouldberespectedeveryonecansaveafortunewithahappymarriagefinancialdisclosureisnotnecessarilybadWhichofthefollowingbestsummarythispassage?A.SecretSaversB.LoveIsWhatIt’sWorthC.BankingHonestyD.OnceBitten,TwiceShyQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage:“Theword‘protection’isnolongertaboo(禁忌語)”.Thisshortsentence,utteredbyFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozylastmonth,mayhavelaunchedaneweraineconomichistory.Why?Fordecades,Westernleadershavebelievedthatloweringtradebarriersandtariffswasanaturalgood.Doingso,theyreasoned,wouldleadtogreatereconomicefficiencyandproductivity,whichinturnwouldimprovehumanwelfare.Championingfreetradethusbecameamoral,notjustaneconomic,cause.Theseleaders,ofcourse,weren’tactingoutofunselfishness.Theyknewtheireconomieswerethemostcompetitive,sothey’dprofitmostfromliberalization.AnddevelopingcountriesfearedthattheireconomieswouldbeswampedbysuperiorWesternproductivity.Today,however,thetableshaveturned---thoughfewacknowledgeit.TheWestcontinuestopreachfreetrade,butpracticesitlessandless.Asian,meanwhile,continuestopleadforspecialprotectionbutpracticesmoreandmorefreetrade.That’swhySarkozy’swordsweresoimportant:hefinallyinjectedsomehonestyintothetradedebates.ThetruthisthatlargepartsoftheWestarelosingfaithintreetrade,thoughfewleadersadmitit.Someeconomistsaremorehonest.PaulKrugmanisoneofthefewwillingtoacknowledgethatprotectionistargumentsarereturning.Intheshortrun,therewillbewinnersandlosersunderfreetrade.This,ofcourse,iswhatcapitalismisallabout.ButmoreandmoreoftheseloserswillbeintheWest,EconomistsinthedevelopedworldusedtolovequotingJonophSchumpeter,whosaidthat‘creativedestruction”wasanessentialpartofcapitalistgrowth.Buttheyalwaysassumedthatdestructionwouldhappenoverthere.WhenWesternworkersbeganlosingjobs,suddenlytheirleadersbegantolosefaithintheirprinciples,Thingshaveyettoreversecompletely.Butthere’sclearlyanegativetrendinaWesterntheoryandpractice.Alittlehypocrisy(虛偽)isnotinitselfaseriousproblem.TherealproblemisthatWesterngovernmentscontinuetoinsistthattheyretaincontrolofthekeyglobaleconomicandfinancialinstitutionswhiledriftingawayfromgloballiberalization.Lockatwhat’shappeningattheIMF(InternationalMonetaryFund)TheEuropeanshavedemandedthattheykeepthepostofmanagingdirector.Butalltoooften,Westernofficialsputtheirowninterestsaboveeveryoneelse’swhentheydominatetheseglobalinstitutions.ThetimehasthereforecomefortheAsians-whoareclearlythenewwinnersintoday’sglobaleconomy-toprovidemoreintellectualleadershipinsupportingfreetrade:Sadly,theyhaveyettodoso.UnlessAsiansspeakout,however,there’sarealdangerthatAdamSmith’sprinciples,whichhavebroughtsomuchgoodtotheworld,couldgraduallydie.Andthatwouldleaveallofus,worseoff,inonewayoranother.Itcanbeinferredthat“protection”(Line1,Para.1)means A.improvingeconomicefficiency.B.endingthefree-tradepracticeC.loweringmoralstandardD.raisingtradetariffsTheWesternleaderspreachfreetradebecause itisbeneficialtotheireconomiesitissupportedbydevelopingcountriesitmakesthemkeepfaithintheirprinciplesitisadvocatedbyJosephSchumpeterandAdamSmithBy“thetableshaveturned”(Line3-4,Para.2)theauthorimpliesthat theWesternleadershaveturnedself-centeredtheAsianleadershavebecomeadvocatesoffreetradethedevelopedeconomieshaveturnedlesscompetitivethedevelopingeconomieshavebecomemoreindependentTheWesterneconomiesusedtoliketheideaof“creativedestruction”becauseit setalong-termratherthanshort-turngoalwasanessentialpartofcapitalistdevelopmentcontainedapositiveratherthannegativementalitywasmeanttobethedestructionofdevelopingeconomiesTheauthoruses“IMF”wasanexampletoillustratethepointthat EuropeanleadersarereluctanttoadmittheyarehypocriticalthereisaninconsistencybetweenWesterntheoryandpracticeglobalinstitutionsarenotbeingledbytrueglobalizationadvocatesEuropeancountries’interestsarebeingignoredbyeconomicleadersSectionIVTranslationDirections:InthissectionthereisaparagraphinEnglish.TranslateitintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)Theterm”businessmodel”firstcameintowidespreadusewiththeinventionofpersonalcomputerandthespreadsheet(空白表格程序).Beforethespreadsheet,businessplanningusuallymeantproducingasingleforecast.Atbest,youdidalittlesensitivityanalysisaroundtheprojection.Thespreadsheetusheredinamuchmoreanalyticapproachtoplanningbecauseeverymajorlineitemcouldbepulledapart,itscomponentsandsubcomponentsanalyzedandtested.Youcouldaskwhat-ifquestionsaboutthecriticalassumptionsonwhich.yourbusinessdepended-forexample,whatifcustomersaremoreprice-sensitivethanwethought?-andwithafewkeystrokes,youcouldseehowanychangewouldplayoutoneveryaspectofthewhole.Inotherwords,youcouldmodelthebehaviorofabusiness.Beforethecomputerchangedthenatureofbusinessplanning,mostsuccessfulbusinessmodelswerecreatedmorebyaccidentthanbyelaboratedesign.Byenablingcompaniestotietheirmarketplaceinsightsmuchmoretightlytotheresultingeconomics,spreadsheetmadeitpossibletomodelbusinessbeforetheywerelaunched.SectionVWritingDirections:Inthispart,youareaskedtowriteacompositionaccordingtotheinformationbelow.Youshouldwritemorethan150wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)以往許多人報考成人高校，是為了圓文憑夢。如今，手持本科、碩士文憑，回頭重