歐洲著名教堂

歐洲著名教堂第1頁/共24頁Part1：Whatisthechurch?Part2:MainstylesPart3:TypicalchurchesPart4：Somepictures第2頁/共24頁Whatisthechurch?ReligionisanimportantpartoftheEuropeanpeople’slife,sowecanseemanychurchesinurbanandruralcountryinEurope.ThechurchisaplacethatChristian(Catholic[‘k?θ?lik]

天主教,protestant[’pr?tist?nt]新教

,orthodox[‘?:θ?d?ks]東正教，etc.)holdamassofreligiousmatters.Also,nowadaysEuropeanpeopleholdweddingsinchurches.第3頁/共24頁Europeanchurchescanbedividedintofourkindsofarchitecturalstyle:Romanstyle(羅馬風格）thegothic['ɡ?θik]

style（哥特風格）baroquestyle（巴洛克風格）modernsocialistchurch（現(xiàn)代主義教堂）.第4頁/共24頁Romanstylearchitectureemergedintheninthcenturyto15thcentury,isoneofthemainEuropeanChristianchurchbuildings.Romanstylearchitectures’featuresare:thelineissimple,lively,modelling['m?d?li?]

massiness,stocky,andsomeofthebuildinghasthecharacteristicsoffeudal['fju:dl]

castle.Itistheembodiment[im'b?dim?nt]

ofpowerofthechurch.羅馬式建筑興起于公元9世紀至15世紀，是歐式基督教教堂的主要建筑形式之一。羅馬式建筑的特征是：線條簡單、明快，造型厚重、敦實，其中部分建筑具有封建城堡的特征，是教會威力的化身。ItalianPizzaCathedral意大利比薩主教堂第5頁/共24頁Gothicchurch’sstructuresystemiscomposedofstoneskeleton[‘skelit?n]

couponsandflyingbuttresses

.哥特式教堂的結(jié)構(gòu)體系由石頭的骨架券和飛扶壁組成。第6頁/共24頁Baroquearchitectureisdevelopedonthebasisofaconstructionanddecorationstylebetween17thand18thcenturyduringtheperiodoftheItalianRenaissance['ren?s?ns]

architecture.Itscharacteristicisfreeandthepursuitofdynamic[dai‘n?mik]。Itisfondofrichlydecoratedandcarvingandstrongcolors.

巴洛克建筑是17～18世紀在意大利文藝復(fù)興建筑基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的一種建筑和裝飾風格。特點是自由，追求動態(tài)喜好富麗的裝飾和雕刻、強烈的色彩Thefirstbaroquestylestructure:RomanJesuschurch第7頁/共24頁Modernsocialiststylemeanssuccinct[s?k'si?kt,s?'s-]

,elegant,alsohaskindlivingenvironment現(xiàn)代主義風格意味著簡練，優(yōu)雅，仍有親切的生活環(huán)境第8頁/共24頁ThreefamouschurchesNotre-DameCathedral巴黎圣母院SaintPeter'sBasilica圣彼得教堂Milancathedral米蘭大教堂第9頁/共24頁VictorHugoNotre-DameCathedral巴黎圣母院第10頁/共24頁巴黎圣母院興建于12至14世紀，是歐洲早期哥特式建筑的主要代表，有作家形容它重如大象，輕如飛蛾，是法國建筑史上的杰作。正面一對60余米高的塔樓，巍峨而壯觀，上面有內(nèi)容豐富、精美絕倫的反映宗教題材的雕刻。NotreDameCathedral

wasbuiltfrom12to14centuries,itisthemainrepresentativeoftheearlyGothicarchitectureinEurope.Somewritersdescribeditasheavyasanelephant,aslightasamoth[m?θ,m?:θ]飛蛾

.It’samasterpiece[‘mɑ:st?pi:s,’m?s-]杰作

inthehistoryofFrencharchitecture.Thereisapairofmorethan60-meter-hightowerinthefront,they’remagnificent[m?ɡ‘nifis?nt]

宏偉的

,withrichcontentandreflectthereligiousthemesinexquisite['ekskwizit],

carving.

第11頁/共24頁走進大教堂光線驟然暗淡下來，教堂內(nèi)高大寬敞而幽暗，頓時讓人產(chǎn)生一種莊嚴肅穆的感覺，仿佛進入一個與世隔絕的境地。作為歐洲建筑史上一個劃時代的標志，巴黎圣母院的正外立面風格獨特，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹，看上去十分雄偉莊嚴。它被壁柱縱向分隔為三大塊；三條裝飾帶又將它橫向劃分為三部分.而教堂內(nèi)部則極為樸素，幾乎沒有什么裝飾Intothecathedral,thelightsuddenlydimmed[dimd]

,thechurchspacious['spei??s]

anddark,andpeoplehaveasolemnfeelingsuddenly,asifintoanisolatedplace.AsalandmarkofEuropeanarchitecturalhistory,inthepositivefacade[f?'sɑ:d]

ofNotreDamethestyleisunique,well-structured,andlookedverymajestic[m?'d?estik]

.Itisseparatedofthreeblocksbypilasters[pi'l?st?,'pail?s-]inverticaldirectionandthreedecoratedwithturnithorizontal['h?ri'z?nt?l]

dividedintothreeThechurchinteriorisextremelysimple,almostnodecorations第12頁/共24頁SaintPeter'sBasilica

[b?'zilik?]

圣彼得教堂inVaticano第13頁/共24頁SaintPeter,theapostle[?'p?sl]

(?Toabout64/67BC)EarlyChristianChurchreferredhimtotheleaderofJesus'twelvedisciples[di'saipl]

.TheCatholicChurchbelievesthatheisthefirstgenerationofthePope[p?up]

(about33yearstoabout64/67years)

圣彼得（使徒）（？～約64/67年）早期基督教會所稱耶穌十二門徒之首。天主教會認為他是第一代教皇（約33年～約64/67年）第14頁/共24頁它是巴洛克式建筑的典型標志?？胺Q世界上最大的天主教堂，據(jù)說它將教堂建筑藝術(shù)的精華集于一身。教堂中央直徑達42米、高度達138米的圓形穹頂，圣彼得教堂之所以著名，不僅僅因為它是世界上最大的教堂，還在于它是意大利文藝復(fù)興時期的建筑家與藝術(shù)家米開朗琪羅、拉斐爾等大師們的共同杰作ItisthetypicalsignsofBaroquearchitectureandtheworld‘slargestCatholicchurch.ItissaidthatSaintPeter’sBasilica

rolledthe

essenceoftheartofthechurchbuildingintoone.Thechurch’scirculardomecentraldiameteris42meters,heightis138meters.Itissofamousnotonlybecauseitisthebiggest,butalsoitisthecommonmasterpieceoftheItalianRenaissance[‘ren?s?ns]文藝復(fù)興architectandartistMichelangelo[,mi:kel'ɑ:nd?el?:]

,Raphaelandothermasters第15頁/共24頁第16頁/共24頁Milancathedral

米蘭大教堂第17頁/共24頁

米蘭大教堂是意大利米蘭的重要地標。整座建筑物融合哥特、文藝復(fù)興、新古典等多種建筑風格，其中教堂正面以三角形狀構(gòu)建而成，四周有數(shù)百座尖塔成林，和高達108公尺的主塔相襯，仿如相互扶持，伸向藍天，展現(xiàn)了哥特式建筑的特色。對哥特式建筑迷而言，它是裝飾精致的杰作：“用大理石寫成的一首詩”。MilanCathedralisthemostimportantlandmarksofMilan,Italy.Thewholebuildingintegration[,inti'ɡrei??n]

oftheGothic,Renaissanceandnew-classicalandavarietyofarchitecturalstyles.Thefrontofitis

thetriangularshapeanditsurroundedbyhundredsofminarets['min?ret]forestphasecontrastandupto108metersofthemaintower,justlikemutual['mju:t?u?l],

supporttowardthebluesky.ItshowsthecharacteristicsofGothicarchitecture.

ItisafinedecoratedmasterpieceforGothicarchitecturefans:"apoemwri