高考英語語法學(xué)案專題8情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣

可能someoneiscoming.Whocanitbe?B:ItmaybeA:Itcan’tbehim.HehasgonetoShanghai.B:ItmustbeMr.Wang.Helookslike②Thatmaynotbethetruth.①對現(xiàn)在的行為或狀態(tài)的推性最 大可能 ＋do②性較句、否 have其(可能不最不can/could 句、否 (不可能)有時也用于肯定句有/ought應(yīng)該，①It's8o'clocknow.Heshouldbeintheofficenow.②Hi,Mum!I'monthebus.Ishouldbehomeinaboutten常表示在一段時間內(nèi)可能發(fā)生的事或猜測發(fā)生的可能性注意：should(oughtto)WhencanIcomeforthephotos？IneedthemtomorrowThey bereadyby12：00. 【解析】BA項(xiàng)表示推測時常用于否定句和疑問句中。C項(xiàng)表示推測語氣不太肯定。should意為“按理說，理應(yīng)”，既回答了顧客的詢問，不失禮貌，又為有可能尚未洗好，can,could,may,①Icanseesomebirdsflyinginthe②Couldthegirlreadbeforeshewenttoschool?could示過去有能力并且成功地做了某was/wereabletodo，相當(dāng)于managedtodo/succeededinngBecausehehard,hewasabletopassdriving可與互換Can/MayIhavealookatyourphotos？can與could、maymight不表時態(tài)差異，只是語氣上的差別，could/mightcan/may更委婉。注意在回答時不能用could/might?！狢an/Couldyoumeahand？—Yes,I允許或請①Youmaytakethiscan與could、maymight求you②May/Might 差異，只是語氣上的差別，foraphotoofcould/might比can/maycouldmightmust,情態(tài)動詞①Wemusthelpeachothertoethedifficulties.②—Ifinishtheworktoday？—No,youneedn't/youdon'thaveto./Yes,youmust.③Youmustn'ttakephotoshere,anditisforbidden.①must表示意志havetoTheyhadtospeedfortheweatherturned I/we？的否定回答不mustn't①Whymustyoualways表示與說話人愿望相反②—CanIborrowyourcar,Ifyou情態(tài)動詞應(yīng)該(常通用Youshouldbepolitetothe式：Ought…to…？Itisstrangethatheshouldreactinthisway.①Shouldanyone lthemIcallbacklater.(＝Ifanyone tomorrow,Iwouldgotoseeher.if從句中強(qiáng)調(diào)“萬一”，need,情態(tài)動詞①Ineedn'tgoat once？—Yes，I/No,I①need可以作實(shí)義動詞，用于各種句式。如：Ineedtogoatonce.Idon'tneedtogoatonce.Doyouneedtogoat—Yes，Ido.②need①Hedaren'tcrosstheriver.②Howdareyousaythattome？時，可用于各種句式。如：Hedidn'tdare(to)gooutaloneatnight.(有時可省略情態(tài)動詞ShallIhelp用于第一、第三人稱疑①YoushalldoasIsay.(命令②Youshallhavethebooktomorrow.(允③Ifyoudon'tgetout,Ishallknockdown.警告用于第二、表示①Iwilldoeverythingfor②Noneissoblindasthosewhowon'tsee.表Will/Wouldyoupleasewould求the表某①Fishwilldiewithout usedtotrouble，shewouldturnto傾forhelp.(would或慣面只能接動作性的動詞。anappletreeinfrontofthehouse.表示功能①Ifyoudon'thaveapen,apencilwilldo.②Wetriedthedooragain，butit與否定詞連用常表示“拒表示推測①Thiswillbethehouseyouarelookingfor.②Iwouldbeabouttenwhenmyfather二、情態(tài)動詞＋have Youcan't/couldn'thavemetgrandmother.Shediedbeforeyouwere 能(havedonehave和否定句 havedone未做；本可以①Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.②Wecouldhavewalkedanditwasso與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬tohavedoneYourbrotherhasfailedEnglishexamagain.Yououghttohavegivenhimneedn'thaveYouneedn'thavewakenedmeup;Idon'thavetogoworkif If＋主語＋had＋過去 ＋have＋過去分詞if＋主語＋wereto＋if IfitweretoraintomorrowIshouldnotdrivemycar.如果明天下雨的話，我就不開車IfIhaddoneitintime,Ishouldhavehadagoodtime.如果我及時做的話，日子should通常用于第一人稱，would數(shù)的口語中，可用was代替were。但在ifIwereyou中，不能說成ifIwasyou。Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilyIfhehadnottakenmyadvice,hewouldn'tdoitmuchbetterlike如：Ifheweretocome,Iwouldjoinhiminthediscussion.＝Werehetocome,Iwouldjoinhiminthediscussion.如果他來，我將和他一道參加討論。Butforairandwatertherewouldbenolifeontheearth.要是沒有空氣和水，地球上就沒有生命。(介詞短語butfor提供了虛擬條件)Withyourhelp,wemightfinishthenearlier.要是有你的幫助，我們就可以早些完成任務(wù)。(介詞短語withyourhelp充當(dāng)虛擬條件句)IIIwishIwereadoctor.我希望我是個醫(yī)生就好了。(現(xiàn)在Iwishthattherainwouldstop.我希望雨能停下來。(將來)Iwishthathehadnotmadesomuchfussaboutit.我希望他事情搞大了。(過去 mend等表示“命令要求建議”的動詞后接的賓語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。Hesuggeststhatshe(should)leavethehouseatHeproposedthatwe(should)dealwiththeproblembytheviewofsuggestionorder,demandproposal等后的表語從句、同位語從句中也要使用虛擬語氣(should可省略)。如：Myproposalisthatwe(should)setadeadlineforhandingintheItbesuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,…)that…結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語從句中It'srequiredthateverystudentbeontimefor在doyou mend用在特殊疑問句中作插入語時，句子的動詞也使用虛擬語氣，即“should＋動詞”的形式，其中should可以省略。如：Whattypeofcomputerdo mend/suggestwe(should)It's＋necessary，essential，importantstrange,natural等形容詞＋that從句或It'sapity，ashame等名詞＋that從句中，謂語動詞可以使用shoulddo。如：Itisnecessarythatthebadlywoundedmanshouldbetreatedimmedia y.這位It'sapitythatyoushouldbesoasif/though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，謂語動詞用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在相反的情況；用過去完成式，表示與過去相反的情況等。其變化與wish后的賓語從句的變化相同。如：I'velovedyouasifyouweremyIt'shightimethat-從句中謂語動詞可以使用過去式也可使用should＋動詞；表示“早該……了”，其中should不可省略。如：It'shightimewegotup/shouldgetup.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.ifonly…要是……Ifonlyyouhadn'toffendedhim.Ifonlyhecouldcometomorrow.MayyousucceedLonglivethePeople'sRepublic 中民【誤】Thestreetsarealldryitmustn'thaverainedlast【正】Thestreetsarealldryitcan'thaverainedlast【解析】對某一事實(shí)的否定推測不能用must，而要用can't或couldn't表示“不可【誤】Ididn'tseeMaryatthemeetingyesterday.ShemightbeillI【正】Ididn'tseeMaryatthemeetingyesterday.Shemighthavebeenill,Ihavedonebe時，【誤】Hemustbeveryfriendlyat【正】Hecanbeveryfriendlyat【解析】句意為：他有時會很友好?？芍颂幉⒎菍ΜF(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行推測，而是一種理論上的可能性，因此用can?！菊`】Ican'tfindmykeys.Imay/mightforgetthemontheyground【正】Ican'tfindmykeys.Imay/mighthaveleftthemontheygroundmust/may/mighthavedonesth.另外，表示“把……忘記在某地”應(yīng)用動詞leave?！菊`】Thefirespreadthroughthe quickly,buteveryonecouldget

【正】Thefirespreadthroughthe quickly,buteveryonewasableto【誤】WillIopenthewindowfor【正】ShallIopenthewindowfor【解析】shall與第一、第三人稱連用，表示征求意見或請求指示，這時不可用will。will通常與第二人稱連用，即Willyou…？【誤】Thentisdead.MaybeIshouldgivemore【正】Thentisdead.MaybeIshouldhavegivenmore【解析】根據(jù)第一句可知，植物已經(jīng)，所以應(yīng)該是自責(zé)：本應(yīng)該多澆些水的。要用shouldhavedone形式表示“本應(yīng)該做……而未做”。【誤】Hadn'ttheysavedus,wewouldhavebeendrownedinthestormy【正】Hadtheynotsavedus,wewouldhavebeendrownedinthestormy【正】Iftheyhadnotsavedus,wewouldhavebeendrownedinthestormy【誤】IfonlyIsawthefilm【正】IfonlyIhadseenthefilm【解析】ifonlyifonlysb.haddonesth.?！狤veryoneinmyclasspassedtheOh，really？It difficult.can'thavebeen B．needn'thavebeenC．mustbe D．mightn'tbe【解析】A 考查情態(tài)動詞對過去進(jìn)行推測表示“一定不”應(yīng)使用can'thavedone。[2009·卷]Somepeoplewhodon'tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilythey justbequietpeople. 【解析】 may表示“可能”—Whydidn'tyouanswerthephonelastI whenyoucalled.hadtohavehadtobemusthavebeenmusthave【解析】C 推測，再結(jié)合題意，應(yīng)該是musthavebeen ng結(jié)構(gòu)，選C。WhenIlivedwithmyroommatesintheuniversity,we oftentalkintothenight. 【解析】 —ThisisthefirsttimeI myfirstpicturewithmyown—Itistimethatyou apicturefortook;havetaken;took;willwilltake;haveBThis/Itisthefirsttimethat…It's(hightimethat…中，從句謂語動詞通常用一般過去式(即虛擬語氣)，意為“該是做……—Whyhasn'tJackcomeback anythinghavehappenedto—I'mnotsure,butIguesssomething A．May；musthave B．Can；mayhave D．Dare；mighthave【解析】 考查情態(tài)動詞在一般疑問句或特殊疑問句中表推測時常用can或BItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butit berathercold 【解析】Bcan用在肯定句中可以指“有時會，可能會”，表示客觀情況或邏輯上的可 wellnotwanttogoonthetrip—shehatestraveling. 【解析】 Lookatthefloor,Tom！ youwatchTVwhilehavingameal? 【解析】 must表示與說話人愿望相反或不耐煩“非得、偏要”。如MustyoumakesomuchnoiseThesoccerteamhasbeen ngwellthisseason，sothey winthe 【解析】A本題考查情態(tài)動詞。句意為：這個隊(duì)在這個季度訓(xùn)練得很好，因此，他們應(yīng)該會贏得冠軍。根據(jù)常理進(jìn)行推測表示“應(yīng)該……”時用should。WhentheshipsailedoutfromThailand,the16sailorsonboard thatonlyhalfofthemwouldreturnagain.willnevercanneverneedn'thavecouldn'thave【解析】D考查“情態(tài)動詞＋完成式”的用法。根據(jù)句意“當(dāng)這艘輪船從駛出的時否定推測，選D?！猈hatdoesthesignoverthere smokeorcarryalightedcigaretteinthisarea. 【解析】 攜帶點(diǎn)燃的香煙。shall在這里表示強(qiáng)制，用于法令、條約、規(guī)章中，意為“必須，應(yīng)該”。專題八│實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練It'shardtobelievethatsuchagreedyman donatesomuchtoProject 【解析】C 么多錢，真是難以置信！can在這里表示驚訝、不相信，意為“居然會，竟能”。Forenvironmentalreasons，we aswelltakethesewasteproductsandhavethemrecycled. 【解析】C 選C。We hereatlunchtime;weweredelayedattheairport,could B．shouldC．musthave D．wouldhave【解析】D wouldhavedonesth.表示與已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事實(shí)相反，意思是“本來會……但—Jennytookthe8：00bustoGuangzhouthis—Really？He the9：00train.It'smuchmorecomfortableandsafertotravelbytrain.couldhavetaken B．shouldtakeC．musthavetaken D．cantake【解析】A考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。上句表示珍妮已乘坐8點(diǎn)的汽車去了廣州。答句 卷] Itakethebook—I'mafraid 【解析】 考查情態(tài)動詞詞義辨析。may用于一般疑問句，表示請求18．[2010·卷]Jackdescribedhisfather，who abraveboymanyyearsago，asastrong-willedman.A．wouldbe B．wouldhavebeenC．mustbe D．musthavebeenD考查情態(tài)動詞。句意為：杰克把他父親描寫成一個有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)意志的人，他很havebeen多用于條件句的虛擬語氣中。19．[2010·浙江卷]HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram，ahugeamountoftimeandenergy A．wouldhavebeenB．hadbeenC．willbeD．was【解析】A 本題考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)HadIknown提示，可知此句是虛擬語氣，且與過去事實(shí)相反，故主句謂語用wouldhavedone的形式。此外本句還是，選A。20．[2010·湖南卷]You buyagift，butyoucanifyouwantto. C．have D．don'thave【解析】D 考查情態(tài)動詞。don'thaveto意為“沒有必要”，符合語境。句意為：你21．[2010·陜西卷MayItakethisbookoutofthereading .Youreaditin 【解析】 本題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法表示 千萬別做某事”時要用mustn't22．[2010·江西卷]Ihavetoldyouthetruth. Ikeeprepeating 【解析】 must在此用于加強(qiáng)語氣，意為“必須……嗎？非得……23．[2010·江蘇卷Ihaven'tgotthereferencebookyet，butI'llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.—Don'tworry.You haveitby 【解析】B 24．[2010·江蘇卷]Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry，butI'dratherhe moreonitsculture. C．wouldfocus D．hadfocused【解析】B 卷Ⅰ]Justbepatient.You expecttheworldtochangeso C．maynot D．willnot【解析】 考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。can't表示“不能”，語氣強(qiáng)烈26．[2010·福建卷] mend theirchildrenundertoridebicyclestoschoolforA．notB．donotC．mustn'tD．couldn't【解析】A考查虛擬語氣。句意為：教師們建議：為了孩子們的安全，父母不應(yīng)讓12 從句謂語動詞用“should＋動詞”的形式，should可以省略。27．[2010·卷]Mark havehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed，hearrivedhalfanhourearly. 【解析】 needn'thavedone本沒有必要做某事，實(shí)際上做了28．[2010·重慶卷]You parkhere!It'sanemergency 【解析】D“這里是緊急出口”所以用mustn't表示“，不許”。 卷]—Goodmorning.I'vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthenelDepartment.—Ah，goodmorning.You beMrs.Peters. 【解析】 本題考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)句子意思“你肯定是Mrs.Peters”可知用30．[2010·山東卷 I havewatchedthatmovie—it'llgivemehorrible 【解析】 1．(2011·濰坊第一次模擬)—Whydidn’tAlexattendthepartyyesterday nothavewantedtosee 解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。語意：他可能不想來見我。mighthavedone表示對過去一種答案 2．(2011·青島市模擬)—May lthistomyclose .Neverletanybodyelseknowaboutit. 由“決不可以讓其他任何人知道”可知選C，mustn’t表示“不允許，不可以”，答案 3．(2011·杭州市教學(xué)檢測)—Mum，Iamfeelingtiredandsleepy solatelastA．couldn’thavestayedB．mustn’thavestayedC．shouldn’thavestayedupD．needn’thavestayedupshouldn’thavestayedupcouldn’thavestayedup不可能熬夜；needn’thavestayedup本沒有必要熬夜。根據(jù)語意可知本句是母親責(zé)備孩子昨晚熬夜了，故選C項(xiàng)。答案 4．(2011·南通一模)Shoponlinecansavemuchtimeasyou gotoashoporwalkaroundcrowdedshop A．don’thave B．oughtn’t 能夠節(jié)省大量時間。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選A。答案 5．(2011·青島市聯(lián)合模擬)—EveryoneinmyclasspassedtheOh，really？It A．can’thave B．needn’thaveC．must D．mightn’t 考查情態(tài)動詞。對過去進(jìn)行推測，表示“一定不”應(yīng)使用can’thavedone。語答案 6．(2011·濟(jì)寧市第一次聯(lián)考)—Didyoupunishhimforlosingyourdigital—Yes，butIdon’tthink A．shoulddo B．needtohavedoneC．oughthavedone D．shouldhavedone 7．(2011·合肥第二次教學(xué)檢測)It bereallycoldinNovermberinHefeithoughweusuallyhavewarmandsunnydays. 意為：盡管合肥十一月的時候常常很暖和，但有時候可能會很冷。根據(jù)語意選D項(xiàng)。答案 8．(2011·陜西西安分科質(zhì)檢)Thewell-dressedladywascaughtstealinginthefashionshop.Strangelyenough，she havedonesuchathing. 解析：根據(jù)題干中的Strangelyenoughshould，表示驚訝，可譯答案 9．(2011·浙江嘉興摸底)—Mary’sscoreonthetestisthehighestinher—Really？She havestudiedveryhard. B．oughtto 解析：mayhavedone可能已經(jīng)……；oughttohavedone本應(yīng)該……；musthavedone一定曾……，一定已經(jīng)……；shouldhavedone本應(yīng)該……。句意為：——瑪麗的考試成答案 10．(2010·皖南八校第二次聯(lián)考)—Whenshallwemeetyourcousinatthe—Hisnetookoff2hoursago，andit reachat5pm. 解析：should的意思是“應(yīng)該會，可能”，在這里表示對將來的推測，預(yù)期會……。答案：A11．(2011·黑龍江哈爾濱質(zhì)檢)Don’tywiththedog，Jack，forit dangerousattimes. 解析：句意為：，不要逗狗玩，因?yàn)楣酚袝r可能是的。can在此表示理論上的可能性，其他三項(xiàng)則無此意，故選C項(xiàng)。答案：12．(2011·福建龍巖質(zhì)檢一)“Attention，please.Whoevercanansweroneofmyquestions receiveaprize，”theteachersaidinclass. 、解析：shall用于第二和第三人稱時，可以表示警告、命令、允諾等語氣；might表示可能性很??；should表示“應(yīng)該(義務(wù)性)”；would表示意志(意愿)B項(xiàng)表示允、答案：13．(2011·浙江溫州十校聯(lián)合體模擬)—Whereis—Ican’tsaywheresheis，butshe havegonetomeetherclassmates，fortheywanttogotoSichuantoworkasvolunteers. 解析：這里表示對過去狀況的推斷，用“情態(tài)動詞＋havedone”。從前面的“表示“過去一定做了……”(非常確定)；canhavedone用在否定句和疑問句中，shouldhavedone表示“過去本該做……(實(shí)際卻沒做)”。答案：14．(2010·吉林長春畢業(yè)班第一次調(diào)研)—HasTimstarted？Hesaidhewouldjoinintheparty. .HeisamanofhisA．couldhave B．musthaveC．can’t D．won’tbe解析：根據(jù)Heisamanofhisword.可知他是一個守信的人，因此推測他肯定已經(jīng)啟程了。句意為：——Tim啟程了嗎？他說他要參加聚會?！欢ㄒ呀?jīng)啟程了，他是一