GMAT南極臭氧考題

GMAT邏輯機(jī)經(jīng)能夠指引人們?cè)陂喿x的道路上不再迷茫，這不GMAT閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)就來(lái)為你指明道路，小編就在這寒冬中為大家吹來(lái)一股GMAT機(jī)經(jīng)的暖風(fēng)，為大家分享GMAT閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)，希望大家能感受到這股暖意，并把它化為能量，在GMAT考試的道路上勇往直前。360教育集團(tuán)介紹，關(guān)于南極地區(qū)的臭氧層變化對(duì)氣候的影響，提到一個(gè)什么winds，然后說(shuō)到南極圈臭氧黑洞在近幾年的逐步恢復(fù)過(guò)程中，對(duì)全球的氣候會(huì)造成一些影響(提到說(shuō)南美洲會(huì)變濕潤(rùn)，這里第一題就問(wèn)這個(gè)，然后澳大利亞會(huì)變干燥。題目是說(shuō)假設(shè)黑洞恢復(fù)，會(huì)對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的至少正面的一些影響，我選的是說(shuō)墨西哥一些干燥少雨的地方會(huì)受益。剩下的題記不清了)?？脊?補(bǔ)充材料：(確認(rèn))1.2.1臭氧空間ByhuiwaziV1剛想到有篇月度，就是說(shuō)臭氧層空洞，文章前面說(shuō)臭氧層空洞會(huì)曬傷，但是最主要的是說(shuō)空洞和大氣之間的作用力會(huì)導(dǎo)致風(fēng)的改變，從而導(dǎo)致南澳洲的天氣變化。V2bytompry760關(guān)于臭氧層空洞的，分兩段，不長(zhǎng)，第一段大致介紹了南極圈上的臭氧層的基本概況。記得有一道題要選擇臭氧的濃度在不同季節(jié)不同第二段講的是空洞進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大會(huì)造成的后果。這里有到選擇題，我選的是澳大利亞的人會(huì)擔(dān)心變干的天氣會(huì)造成火災(zāi)。V2是臭氧層的第一段有說(shuō)臭氧層里的某個(gè)物質(zhì)在springtime里low，吸收的紫外線少，所以溫度低(這個(gè)覺(jué)得挺奇怪的)第二段里面說(shuō)這個(gè)臭氧層破壞的影響然后又說(shuō)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)臭氧層在recovery，接著預(yù)測(cè)fullrecovery之后的影響，澳大利亞會(huì)變干，南美會(huì)變濕，對(duì)南半球的風(fēng)有影響(促進(jìn)還是減弱忘了)，南極洲也會(huì)受到影響，這里有except題，V3ozone的，在artantic(拼的不對(duì))上空，不同季節(jié)厚度不一樣，吸收紫外線防曬傷。還有影響澳大利亞，變得更干燥。。的風(fēng)有影響(促進(jìn)還是減弱忘了)，南極洲也會(huì)受到影響(有一個(gè)問(wèn)題問(wèn)的是fullrecovery以后誰(shuí)會(huì)得意，答案是南美洲那些飽受旱災(zāi)困擾的農(nóng)民)V12byweizhui1208770jj超級(jí)全基本都考到了有考如果空洞繼續(xù)填補(bǔ)，最大受益者是誰(shuí)丫。Lz選的南美洲那些以前被干旱折磨的農(nóng)民(因?yàn)樵恼f(shuō)了南美會(huì)變wet嘛)有考如果空洞急需填補(bǔ)，會(huì)發(fā)生except。lz選的B還是C來(lái)著，反正帶“humidity”那個(gè)選項(xiàng)，其他原文都有吧，當(dāng)時(shí)細(xì)細(xì)看了的V13by取巧740第一段介紹臭氧的作用(不重要)，然后是臭氧的一個(gè)變化，引起一種wind盛行。第二段是說(shuō)這種現(xiàn)象的影響。(有題，問(wèn)第二段的作用，我選的是第二段是對(duì)第一段提出的現(xiàn)象的進(jìn)一步解釋，反正選有explain這個(gè)詞的就對(duì)了)但是有一道題，問(wèn)的是如果臭氧恢復(fù)了，會(huì)有什么影響，要求選except定位第二段。我在A和B當(dāng)中猶豫半天。因?yàn)锳中有一個(gè)什么大陸，B改變了降水我最后還是拿不準(zhǔn)。因?yàn)槲恼抡f(shuō)的澳大利亞變干了，南美變干了。有同學(xué)google到一定背景知識(shí)，大家可以參考下AfullrecoveryofthestratosphericozoneholecouldmodifyclimatechangeintheSouthernHemisphereandevenamplifyAntarcticwarming,accordingtoscientistsfromtheUniversityofColoradoatBoulder,theNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationandNASA.WhileEarth‘saveragesurfacetemperatureshavebeenincreasing,theinteriorofAntarcticahasexhibitedauniquecoolingtrendduringtheaustralsummerandfallcausedbyozonedepletion,saidJudithPerlwitzoftheCooperativeInstituteforResearchinEnvironmentalSciences,ajointinstituteofCU-BoulderandNOAA.“Ifthesuccessfulcontrolofozone-depletingsubstancesallowsforafullrecoveryoftheozoneholeoverAntarctica,wemayfinallyseetheinteriorofAntarcticabegintowarmwiththerestoftheworld,”Perlwitzsaid.PerlwitzisleadauthorofanewstudyonthesubjecttobepublishedApril26inGeophysicalResearchLetters.Co-authorsincludeStevenPawsonandEricNielsonofNASA’sGoddardSpaceFlightCenterinGreenbelt,Md.,andRyanFogtandWilliamNeffofNOAA‘sEarthSystemResearchLaboratoryinBoulder.ThestudywassupportedbyNASA’sModelingandAnalysisProgram.TheauthorsusedaNASAsupercomputermodelthatincludedinteractionsbetweentheclimateandstratosphericozonechemistrytoexaminehowchangesintheozoneholeinfluenceclimateandweathernearEarth‘ssurface,saidPerlwitz.Thestudyauthorscalculatedthatwhenstratosphericozonelevelsreturntonearpre-1969levelsbytheendofthe21stcentury,large-scaleatmosphericcirculationpatternsnowshieldingtheAntarcticinteriorfromwarmerairmassestothenorthwillbegintobreakdownduringtheaustralsummer.ThecirculationpatternsarecollectivelyknownasapositivephaseoftheSouthernAnnularMode,orSAM.Thescientistsfoundthatasozonelevelsrecover,thelowerstratosphereoverthepolarregionwillabsorbmoreharmfulultravioletradiationfromthesun.Thiscouldcauseairtemperaturesroughly6to12milesaboveEarth’ssurfacetorisebyasmuchas16degreesFahrenheit,reducingthestrongnorth-southtemperaturegradientthatcurrentlyfavorsthepositivephaseofSAM,saidtheresearchteam.ThesupercomputermodelingeffortalsoindicatedthatozoneholerecoverywouldweakentheintensewesterlywindsthatcurrentlywhiparoundAntarcticaandblockairmassesfromcrossingintothecontinent‘sinterior.Asaresult,Antarcticawouldnolongerbeisolatedfromthewarmingpatternsaffectingtherestoftheworld.NASA’sPawsonsaidozonerecoveryoverAntarcticawouldessentiallyreversesummertimeclimateandatmosphericcirculationchangesthathavebeencausedbythepresenceoftheozonehole.“Itappearsthatozone-inducedclimatechangeoccurredquickly,over20to30years,inresponsetotherapidonsetoftheozonehole,”hesaid.“Theseseasonalchangeswilldecaymoreslowlythantheybuiltup,sinceittakeslongertocleansethestratosphereofozone-depletinggasesthanittookforthemtobuildup.”Theseasonalshiftinlarge-scalecirculationpatternscouldhaverepercussionsforAustraliaandSouthAmericaaswell.OtherstudieshaveshownthatthepositivephaseofSAMisassociatedwithcoolertemperaturesovermuchofAustraliaandincreasedrainfalloverAustralia‘ssoutheastcoastline.Duringlatespringandearlysummer,thepositivephaseofSAMalsoisassociatedwithdrierconditionsinSouthAmerica’sproductiveagriculturalareaslikeArgentina,Brazil,UruguayandParaguay,saidPerlwitz.IfozonerecoveryinducesashiftawayfromapositiveSAM,AustraliacouldexperiencewarmeranddrierconditionswhileSouthAmericacouldgetwetter,shesaid.ButjusthowinfluentialafullstratosphericozonerecoverywillbeonSouthernHemisphereclimatelargelydependsonthefuturerateofgreenhousegasemissions,accordingtotheGRLauthors.Projectedincreasesinhuman-emittedgreenhousegaseslikecarbondioxidewillbethemaindriverforstrengtheningthepositivephaseofSAM.“Inrunningourmodelsimulations,weass