專四語法總結(jié)-2023修改整理

千里之行，始于足下讓知識帶有溫度。第第2頁/共2頁精品文檔推薦專四語法總結(jié)專四必備語法

一、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)

時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)需要把握的要點(diǎn)：

1.表達(dá)未來時(shí)的形式：

(1)在時(shí)光、條件、讓步從句中，普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替未來時(shí)，但要注重區(qū)分從句的類型，如：

I'lltellhimwhenyouwillringagain.話。(賓語從句)

比較：1'lltellhimwhenyouringagain.語從句)

(2)在makesure,makecertain,see(toit)詞用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替未來時(shí)，如：我告知他你什么時(shí)候再來電

你再打電話時(shí)我告知他。(狀后的that從句中，謂語動(dòng)

Seetoitthatyouincludeinthepaperwhateverquestionstheydidn'tknowtheanswertolasttime.

(include不能用willinclude或其他形式)

2.完成時(shí)是時(shí)態(tài)測試的重點(diǎn)，注重與完成時(shí)連用的句型和時(shí)光狀語：

(1)by/between/upto/till+過去時(shí)光、since、bythetime/when+表示

過去發(fā)生狀況的從句，主句用過去完成時(shí)。如：Wehadjusthadourbreakfastwhenanoldmancametothedoor.

Between1897and1919atleast29motionpicturesinwhichartificialbeingswereportrayedhadbeenproduced.

(表示1919年時(shí)已發(fā)生的狀況)

(2)by+未來時(shí)光、bythetime/when+謂語動(dòng)詞是普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句，主句用未來完成時(shí)。如：

BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,wewillhavestayedinEuropefortwoweeks.

Ihopeherhealthwillhaveimprovedgreatlybythetimewecomebacknextyear.

(3)bynow、since+過去時(shí)光、in/during/for/over/thepast/lastfew(或

詳細(xì)數(shù)字)years/days/months，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),但在itis+詳細(xì)時(shí)光

since/before這一句型中，主句更多的時(shí)候不用盡成時(shí)。如：

Thechangesthathadtakenplaceinairtravelduringthelastsixtyyearswouldhaveseemedcompletelyimpossibletoeventhemostbrilliantscientistsattheturnofthe19thcentury.

ItisfouryearssinceJohnleftschool.

(4)在Itisthe+序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級+that的定語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：

Itisn'tthefirsttimethatIhavefoundmyselfinanembarrassingsituation.

(5)在nosooner…than…，hardly/scarcely…when??句型中，主句常用過

去完成時(shí)。

3.完成舉行時(shí)指動(dòng)作在完成時(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上還要繼續(xù)下去。如：

Thecompanyhasbeenpromisingariseinsalaryforages,butnothinghashappened.時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)答題思路：

(1)先按照選項(xiàng)的區(qū)分點(diǎn)確定考題要點(diǎn)為時(shí)態(tài)，然后回到題句中尋覓給出的或示意的時(shí)光狀語，縮小挑選范圍，進(jìn)而選出正確答案；

(2)按照謂語動(dòng)詞與句子主語或非謂語動(dòng)詞與其規(guī)律主語的關(guān)系，確定句子是主動(dòng)語態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

二、不定式

1.不定式做主語

(1)引導(dǎo)規(guī)律主語的介詞：不定式的規(guī)律主語普通由介詞for引導(dǎo),但下列表

示人的性格行為特征的形容詞做表語時(shí),不定式的規(guī)律主語則由of引導(dǎo)：absurd,bold,brave,courageous,careful,careless,clever,wise,foolish,silly,stupid,good,nice,kind,thoughtful,considerate,greedy,generous,honest,modest,polite,rude,cruel,selfish,lazy,wicked,wrong。如：Expertssaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysforapersontostayhealthy.

It'scleverofyoutohaveinventedsuchadevice.

(2)不定式做主語補(bǔ)足語：把握常用不定式做主語補(bǔ)足語的句型。注重不定式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)光，并采納相應(yīng)形式。如：

besaid/reported/thought/believed/known/supposed+todosth.

2.不定式做賓語把握要求接不定式做賓語的動(dòng)詞：afford,arrange,attempt,claim,desire,determine,expect,fail,guarantee,endeavor,intend,pledge,pretend,resolve,request,swear,tend,venture。如：

Eventhoughthechildrenpretendedtobeasleep,thenurseswerenotdeceivedwhentheycameintotheroom.

3.不定式做定語

(1)被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或next,last,only,nota,the,very等限定詞時(shí)，該名詞用不定式做定語。如：thefirstwomantosetfootonthemoon第一個(gè)登上月球的女性

(2)假如其動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓語，相應(yīng)的名詞普通用不定式做定語。如：

tendencytodoftendtodo,decisiontodofdecidetodo

ThisbookisanattempttohelpyouuseEnglishandrecognizehowitisused.

(3)假如其形容詞形式要求接不定式做補(bǔ)語，相應(yīng)的名詞普通用不定式做定

語。如：

ambitiontodo“干的雄心”fbeambitioustodo“有雄心干”curiositytodo“對的奇怪???心”fbecurioustodo“對奇怪???”abilitytodo“做

的能力”fabletodo“有能力做”

AccordingtoDarwin,randomchangesthatenhanceaspecies'abilitytosurvivearenaturallyselectedandpassedontosucceedinggeneration.

(4)表示方式、緣由、時(shí)光、機(jī)會(huì)、權(quán)利等名詞用不定式做定語，這些名詞包括：

way,method,reason,time,place,chance,occasion,opportunity,evidence,

power,right,movement,drive(運(yùn)動(dòng))，effort等。如：IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtimetocatchthelastbus.

Weappreciateyoureffortstobringaboutacomprehensivesolutiontotheexistingproblem.

(5)不定代詞something,nothing,little,much,alot習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語。如：

Thoughwehavemadegreatprogress,thereisstillmuchtobeimproved.

4.不定式做狀語不定式做狀語主要表示目的、程度、結(jié)果、方式。

(1)inorderto(do),soasto(do)結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)目的狀語，soasto不能置于

句首。如：

(2)so…asto,such…asto,enough…to,too…to結(jié)構(gòu)做程度狀語。如：

Thesolutionworksonlyforcoupleswhoareself-employed,don'thavesmallchildrenandgetalongwellenoughtospendmostoftheirtimetogether.

ThevocabularyandgrammaticaldifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglisharesotrivialandfewashardlytobenoticed.

(3)不定式做結(jié)果狀語只能浮現(xiàn)在句子的末尾，表示不開心的結(jié)果，有時(shí)用only加強(qiáng)語氣。

常見的不定式動(dòng)詞有find,hear,see,betold,form,give,make,produce等。如：

Greatlyagitated,Irushedtotheapartmentandtriedthedoor,onlyto

finditlocked.

(4)not/nevertoo…to,too…notto,but/onlytoo…to,too

ready/eager/apt/inclinedto表示絕對意義。如：

Iamonlytoopleasedtohearfromyoufurther.能再聽到你的消息，

我太興奮了。

三、動(dòng)名詞

1.必需接動(dòng)名詞做賓語的動(dòng)詞銘記下列要求接動(dòng)名詞做賓語的動(dòng)詞：acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,admit,confess,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,forgive,imagine,involve,justify,mention,pardon,practice,postpone,recall，recollect，risk,resist,suggest,tolerate。如：

Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.

2.動(dòng)名詞做介詞短語

考生尤其要識別下列短語中的to是介詞，不是不定式符號：

objectto,resortto,reactto,contributeto,lookforwardto,beaccustomedto,becommittedto,beexposedto,besubjectedto,bedevotedto,bededicatedto,beopposedto,bereconciledto,becontraryto,be

(get)usedto,comecloseto,getdownto,giveoneselfupto,prefer…to,seeto,setto,taketo,inadditionto,withregardto,withaviewto,onthewayto。如：

四、分詞分詞起形容詞和副詞的作用，在句中做定語或狀語。在概念上應(yīng)清晰：

?現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，表示動(dòng)作在舉行。

?過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，表示動(dòng)作結(jié)束了的狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。

1.分詞做定語，弄清現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)分

分詞短語做定語相當(dāng)于省略了的定語從句，考生應(yīng)把握：

(1)現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾詞之間具有主動(dòng)意義。如：

It'seasytoblamethedeclineofconversationonthepaceofmodernlifeandonthevaguechangestakingplaceinourever-increasingworld.(相當(dāng)于thechangeswhichtakeplace...)

TherewasaveryinterestingremarkinabookbyanEnglishmanthat

IreadrecentlygivingwhathethoughtwasareasonforthisAmericancharacteristic.(相當(dāng)于whichgave...)

Howmanyofusattending,say,ameetingthatisirrelevanttouswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?

(相當(dāng)于Howmanyofuswhowillattend...)

(2)過去分詞與被修飾詞之間具有被動(dòng)意義。如：

Goodnewswassometimesreleasedprematurely,withtheBritishrecaptureoftheportannouncedhalfadaybeforethedefendersactuallysurrendered.(相當(dāng)于…recaptureoftheportwhichhadbeenannounced…)

Justasthevalueofatelephonenetworkincreaseswitheachnewphoneaddedtothesystem,sodoesthevalueofacomputersystemincreasewitheachprogramthatturnsout.(相當(dāng)于…eachnewphonewhichisaddedto…)

Theauthorgaveadetaileddescriptionbasedonhispersonalobservationofnature.

(相當(dāng)于…descriptionwhichwasbasedon…)

(3)下列不及物動(dòng)詞也以過去分詞形式做定語或表語，但不具有被動(dòng)意義：deceased,departed,elapsed,faded,fallen,gone,grown-up,retired,returned,risen,set,vanished,much-travelled,newlyarrived,recentlycomes如：anescapedprisoner一個(gè)逃犯aretiredworker一位退休工人

afadedcurtain一個(gè)褪了色的窗簾anewlyarrivedstudent一個(gè)新來

的同學(xué)

2.分詞做狀語，注重區(qū)別分詞的普通式與完成式

(1)表示時(shí)光，多置于句首，注重假如分詞表示的動(dòng)作的時(shí)光先于謂語動(dòng)詞，要用盡成式。如：

Havingcompletedonetask,westartedonanotherone.(complete先于start之前發(fā)生)

(2)表示緣由，置于句首句尾均可，按照狀況有時(shí)要用盡成式，有時(shí)用普通式。如：

Hewasn'taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,beingconsideredinsufficientlypopularwithallmembers.

Thereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer,havingbeendesertedinthetropicalforest,wouldfindhiswaythroughit.

(3)表示陪同、方式，置于句尾，用分詞的普通式。如：

Helenborrowedmydictionarytheotherdaysayingthatshewouldreturnitsoon.

Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completelylosttotheoutsideworld.

(4)表示結(jié)果，置于句尾，用分詞的普通式。如：Thecityfounditselfinacrisissituationlastsummerwhentheairconditioningondozensofthenewbusesbrokedown,themunusable.

(5)表示補(bǔ)充說明(同位)，置于句尾，用分詞的普通式。如：Thearticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,eachmakingonemajorpointincontrastwiththeother.

Ford