2020-2021學(xué)年新外研版選擇性必修2UNIT4BREAKINGBOUNDARIESPERIOD1STARTINGOUT課時素養(yǎng)作業(yè)

課時素養(yǎng)檢測十三Unit4Period1Ⅰ.閱讀理解Friendlydoctorsare“badfortheirpatients’health”,researchershavewarned,asanewstudyrevealedtwothirdsofyoungdoctorsstruggletobetruthfulwithpatientstheylike.Blurring(使……模糊)thelinesbetweensocialandprofessionalrelationshipscanaffectthelevelofcareofferedandpreventpatientsfrombeinghonestaboutimportantsideeffects.“DoctorsshouldavoidaddingpatientsasfriendsonFacebook,theyshouldnothugorallowpatientstocallthembytheirfirstnames”,regulatorshavewarned.“Thosewhobreaktheboundarieswillfacesomepunishment.”Itcomesasasurveyof338oncologists(腫瘤醫(yī)生)undertheageof40,found59percentsaidtheyfounditdifficulttotellthetruthtothosepatientstheyliked.Sixtypercentofrespondentssaidifdoctorsfelttooclosetotheirpatients,itcouldpreventthemfrommakingobjectivedecisionsaboutaperson’scare.LesleyFallowfieldofBrightonandSussexButshesaid,“Thosedoctorswhohaveenteredtheprofessionintheageof‘theInternetworld’aremorelikelytofallvictimtoblurringtheprofessionalboundarieswithpatients.Shesaid,“Thedifficulty,ifyouhugandkisspatients,ifyouallowthemtocallyoubyyourfirstname,isthatquicklytherelationshipcanbecomeconfusedasasocialoneratherthanaprofessionalone.Doctorsbecomeconfused,‘Ireallylikethisperson,howcanIbeartotellhimthathe’sgoingtodie?’Theyfinditmoredifficulttobeobjective.”【語篇概述】本文為說明文。本文指出,根據(jù)一項研究的發(fā)現(xiàn),打破醫(yī)生同病人專業(yè)的界限有不利之處,并從對338位腫瘤醫(yī)生的調(diào)查中進行論證。1.Whyarefriendlydoctorsbadfortheirpatients’health?A.Theydon’tliketocheatpatients.B.Theyarenotgoodattreatingpatients.C.Theyfinditnoteasiertobeobjectivetothepatients.D.Theyseldomblurtherelationshipwithpatients.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段中的ifdoctorsfelttooclosetotheirpatients,itcouldpreventthemfrommakingobjectivedecisionsaboutaperson’scare.可知,如果醫(yī)生和病人太親近,會阻礙他們對病人的治療做出客觀的決定。2.Whatshoulddoctorsdoaccordingtotheregulations?A.AddpatientsasfriendsonFacebook.B.Havecloseconnectionwithpatientsinlife.C.Alwaysbecoldtopatients.D.Keepaproperdistancetopatients.【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“DoctorsshouldavoidaddingpatientsasfriendsonFacebook,theyshouldnothugorallowpatientstocallthembytheirfirstnames”,regulatorshavewarned.可推斷出,醫(yī)生應(yīng)該和病人保持適當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。3.WhichopinionwillLesleyFallowfieldagreewith?A.Oncologyisarewardingprofessionwithoutchallenges.B.TheInternetmakesiteasierforyoungdoctorstobreaktheboundaries.C.It’snotthedutyofdoctorstodealwithpatients’anxiety.D.Becomingfriendswithpatientswillhelpthemrecoversoon.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第六段中的Thosedoctorswhohaveenteredtheprofessionintheageof‘theInternetworld’aremorelikelytofallvictimtoblurringtheprofessionalboundarieswithpatients.那些在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代進入腫瘤職業(yè)的醫(yī)生更有可能成為犧牲品,使病人與專業(yè)的界限模糊。Ⅱ.閱讀填句Manydiseasesandmedicalconditionsarecausedbythingsoutofourcontrol.Doctorsurgeustoeathealthyfoods,getexercise,stopsmokingandlimitouralcoholintake.1Anditisfreeandeasy.Smile!

Whenwesmile,thebrainwiringgetsaltered.Thechemicalsthatarereleasedaremorepositive.Smilingisafirststepinfightingphysicalandemotionalstressanditssometimesharmfuleffectsonhumanhealth.Themaincauseofheartattacksandstrokesistheblockageinbloodvessels(血管)2.Themostcommonreasonfortheseblockagesisabuild-upoffattydepositsontheinnerwallsofthearteries(大動脈).Whenwefeelstressedorunderpressure,ourbodyreleasesmanynaturalhormones(荷爾蒙)includingadrenalineandcortisol.Whenwearestressedforalongperiod,thesestresshormonesareever-presentinourbodies.Andthat,medicalresearcherswarn,mayleadtohealthproblems.

3However,theyclaimthatwhenpeoplearestressedforlongperiodsoftime,theymaynotmakethebestdecisionsaboutwhattoeat.Theymayovereat,smokeordrinktoomuchalcohol.Theymaynotgetenoughexerciseorsleep.Andallofthesecanleadtohealthproblems.

Dr.Choctkalingamsaysasmilemaybeonewaytohelp.Hetellshispatientstosmile20timesanhour.Tosome,thatmightseemlikealotofsmiling.Orsomemightevenfeelfoolish...smilingforseeminglynoreason.4Itisnotinvasive(侵入的)likeasurgicaloperation.Itisfreeandithasnobadsideeffects.

“Oncewesmile,wearerelaxed.Thisrelaxationdirectlylowersbloodpressure,improvessugarlevelsintheblood.5”Anditjustmayprovidealittleextraprotectiontoeveryone’shearthealth.

A.Butasmiledoesnotinvolvedrugs.B.Butthereissomethingelsewecando.C.Expertssaywecancontrolandevenpreventthem.D.Itpreventsbloodfromflowingtotheheartorthebrain.E.Andtheyarethenumberonecauseofdeatharoundtheworld.F.Ifwearesmiling,wearebreakingthatlinkbetweenstressandhealth.G.Researcherssaythelinkbetweenstressandheartdiseaseisstillunclear.【語篇概述】本文是一篇說明文。介紹微笑給人的身體健康帶來的好處。1.【解析】選B。過渡句理解。由上文提到的Doctorsurgeustoeathealthyfoods,getexercise,stopsmokingandlimitouralcoholintake可知,Butthereissomethingelsewecando.承接上文,引出本文的話題:微笑。微笑就是我們能做的很多事情之一。故選B。2.【解析】選D。上文提到Themaincauseofheartattacksandstrokesistheblockageinbloodvessels。接下來談血管阻塞造成的影響(Itpreventsbloodfromflowingtotheheartorthebrain,句中的代詞It指上文的theblockageinbloodvessels。)故選D。3.【解析】選G。此題要填本段的主題句。從空后的However,theyclaimthatwhenpeoplearestressedforlongperiodsoftime,theymaynotmakethebestdecisionsaboutwhattoeat可以判斷,前句的話題應(yīng)該和壓力與人的健康的關(guān)系有關(guān)。表明雖然壓力與心臟病之間的聯(lián)系尚不清楚,但是壓力對健康還是有影響的,并且下文還提及了一些具體的方面。故選G。4.【解析】選A。第四個空所在的段落談微笑的好處。Butasmiledoesnotinvolvedrugs.與下面的兩句Itisnotinvasivelikeasurgicaloperation.Itisfreeandithasnobadsideeffects.都在談微笑所帶來的好處。是三個并列的句子且下文中的三個it就是指上文的asmile。句意:但是微笑與藥物無關(guān)。它不像外科手術(shù)那樣具有入侵性。它是免費的,并且沒有負(fù)作用。故選A。5.【解析】選F。上文的“Oncewesmile,wearerelaxed.Thisrelaxationdirectlylowersbloodpressure,improvessugarlevelsintheblood”在講微笑的好處,承接上文,作者仍然繼續(xù)說微笑的好處,故Ifwearesmiling,wearebreakingthatlinkbetweenstressandhealth.符合語境。故選F。閱讀理解ThecurrentEbola(埃博拉病毒)outbreakinwesternandcentralAfricahasinfectedatleast3,069people,including1,552dead,makingitthelargestoutbreakinhistory.Ebolaisadeadlyvirus—about60percentofpeopleinfectedwithithavedied.HowisEboladoingitsharm?WhenapersonbecomesinfectedwithEbola,thevirusdamagesthebody’simmune(免疫的)cells,whichdefendagainstinfection,saidaresearcheratLancasterUniversity.Butifaperson’simmunesystemcanstanduptothisattack,thenheismorelikelytosurvivethedisease.Thepatientsthatsurviveitbestarethosewhodon’tgetsuchabaddisadvantageinimmunesystem.Butifthebodyisn’tabletogetridofthisattack,thentheimmunesystembecomeslessabletoregulate(調(diào)節(jié))itself.Thismeanstheimmunesystemismorelikelytorunoutofcontrol,leadingtoadropinbloodpressure,multi-organfailureandeventuallydeath.Whatarethecommonsymptomsofthedisease?Fever,headache,jointandmuscleaches,weakness,diarrhea,vomiting,stomachpain,lackofappetite,chills,rash,rednessintheeyes,hiccups,cough,sorethroat,chestpain,difficultbreathingorswallowing,bleedinginsideandoutsideofthebody.HowtopreventthespreadofEbola?Ebolacanbespreadprimarilyviadirectcontactwithpatients,specificallythebloodandfluidsofaninfectedpatient.Weshouldavoidcontactwithinfectedpatientsandobjectssuchasclothing,bedding,andneedlesusedbythem.Avoidareaswhereinfectionshavebeenreported.Fornow,thediseasehasonlybeenconfirmedincentralandWestAfrica,fourcasesinAmericaandEurope.Avoideatingwild-caughtbushmeat.Researchershavesuspectedthatthediseasecametohumansviaanimals,probablythroughthemeatofprimates(靈長類).Ifyou’reinanareawherethediseasehasbeenreported,avoidpurchasing,eating,orhandlingwildgametostayonthesafeside.Wearprotectivemedicalclothingifyou’rearoundinfectedpatients.Extremecautionisnecessary.Hospitalworkersmustusemasks,gloves,goggles,andgowns,whichneededtobewornatalltimesifyou’rearoundinfectedpatients.HowdopeoplesurviveEbola?Doctorsdon’tknowforcertainwhowillsurviveEbola,andthereisnospecifictreatmentorcureforthedisease.Althoughintheminority,somepeopledorecoverfrominfection.Oursuggestionsinclude:Maintainyourelectrolytes(電解質(zhì))andbodyliquid.Sportsdrinkscanbeused.Monitoryourbloodpressureandcontrolitifnecessary.Droppingbloodpressuremaybeaserioussignofinfection.Breatheinanoxygen-richenvironment.Quicklyaddressanysymptomsofinfection.Behonestaboutwhenandwhereyou’refeelingpain.【語篇概述】本文為說明文,向讀者介紹了埃博拉病毒如何通過破壞人的免疫系統(tǒng)使人患病、患病的主要癥狀、如何阻止疾病的傳播、患病后如何生存等相關(guān)的知識,文章最后作者給出了幾點建議。1.Ebolacausesthedeathofahumanbeingby_______.

A.attackinghimwithhighfeverB.regulatinghisimmunesystemC.damaginghisimmunecellsD.harmingallhisorgansdirectly【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第一小標(biāo)題的第一段第一句WhenapersonbecomesinfectedwithEbola,thevirusdamagesthebody’simmunecells,當(dāng)一個人被Ebola感染時,病毒就會破壞身體的免疫細(xì)胞。2.WhatisNOTmentionedasthesymptomofEbola?A.Feverandchills.B.Swallowingdifficulty.C.Lackofappetite.D.Highbloodpressure.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第二小標(biāo)題下的段落中Ebola感染癥狀可知,不包括高血壓(Highbloodpressure)。3.InordernottobeinfectedbyEbola,weshould_______.

A.havetheclothingoftheinfectedcleanedB.avoideatingwildanimalslikemonkeysC.nottraveltoAfrica,AmericaorEuropeD.stayathomewithoutgoinganywhere【解析】選B。推理判斷題。從文章第三小標(biāo)題第二段中的Avoideatingwild-caughtbushmeat.Researchershavesuspectedthatthediseasecametohumansviaanimals,probablythroughthemeatofprimates可知,研究者懷疑Ebola可能會通過靈長類動物的肉傳播