考研英語名詞從句練習及答案解析

名詞從句專項訓練1.Whethertheresultswillbevaluable,meaningless,orevenmisleadingdependspartlyuponthetoolitselfbutlargelyupontheuser.句子主干：Whethertheresultswillbevaluable,...orevenmisleadingdependspartlyuponthetoolitselfbutlargelyupontheuser.譯文：測試的結果是在有價值的、無意義的、還是誤導的，部分取決于這種工具本身，但主要取決于測試使用者。2.Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.

句子主干：Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriateness...譯文：這些預測在多大程度上為的后來的表現所證實，這取決于所采用信息的數量、可靠性和適宜性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。3.Standardizedtestsshouldprovideaquick,objectivemethodofgettingsomekindsofinformationaboutwhatapersonlearned,theskillshehasdeveloped,orthekindofpersonheis.句子主干：Standardizedtestsshouldprovideaquick,objectivemethod譯文：標準化測試提供了快速、客觀地得到某些信息的方法，這些信息是有關一個人所學到的知識、他所獲得的技能，或者他是屬于哪一類型的人。Somephilosophers

argue

that

rights

exist

only

within

a

social

contract，as

part

of

an

exchange

ofduties

and

entitlements.句子主干：Somephilosophers

argue

that

...譯文：有些哲學家論證說，權利只存在社會契約中，是責任與利益相交換的一部分。5.ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWar,whenseveralgovernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemandsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerallybeforeseenindetail.句子主干：Thistrendbegan...譯文：這種趨勢始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當時一些國家的政府得出結論:政府要向科研機構提出的具體要求通常是無法詳盡預見的。6.Itcanbepredicted,however,thatfromtimetotimequestionswillarisewhichwillrequirespecificscientificanswers.句子主干：Itcanbepredictedthat譯文：然而，人們可以預見，往往會出現一些問題要求科學做出具體的回答。7.Whethertousetests,otherkindsofinformation,orbothinaparticularsituationdepends,therefore,upontheevidencefromexperienceconcerningcomparativevalidityanduponsuchfactorsascostandavailability.句子主干：Whethertousetests,otherkindsofinformation,orbothinaparticularsituationdepends,therefore,upontheevidenceanduponsuchfactors譯文：在某一特定情況下，究竟是采用測試還是其他種類的信息，或是兩者兼用，須憑有關相對效度的經驗依據而定，也取決于諸如費用和有無來源等因素。8.It

leads

the

discussion

to

extremes

at

the

outset:it

invites

youto

think

thatanimals

should

betreated

either

with

the

consideration

humans

extend

to

otherhumans，or

with

no

considerationat

all.句子主干：It

leads

the

discussion

to

extremes譯文：這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個極端，它使人們認為應這樣對待動物:要么像對人類自身一樣關切體諒，要么完全冷漠無情。9.Arguing

from

the

view

that

humans

are

different

from

animals

inevery

relevant

respect，extremists

of

this

kind

think

that

animals

lie

outside

the

area

ofmoral

choice.句子主干：...extremists

of

this

kind

think...譯文：這類人持極端看法，認為人與動物在各相關方面都不相同，對待動物無須考慮道德問題。10.Butevenmoreimportant,itwasthefarthestthatscientistshadbeenabletolookintothepast,forwhattheywereseeingwerethepatternsandstructuresthatexisted15billionyearsago.

句子主干：...itwasthefarthestthat...譯文：但更為重要的是，這是科學家所能觀測到的最遙遠的過去的景象，因為他們看到的是150億年前宇宙云的形狀和結構。11.Thatwasjustaboutthemomentthattheuniversewasborn.Whattheresearchersfoundwasatoncebothamazingandexpected.句子主干：Thatwasjustaboutthemoment...；Whattheresearchersfoundwasbothamazingandexpected.譯文：那大約就是宇宙形成的時候。研究人員發(fā)現的宇宙云既令人驚訝，又是人們所期待的。12.TheUSExplorersatellite-Cobe-haddiscoveredlandmarkevidencethattheuniversedidinfactbeginwiththeprimevalexplosionthathasbecomeknownastheBigBang(thetheorythattheuniverseoriginatedinanexplosionfromasinglemassofenergy).句子主干：TheUSExplorersatellite-Cobe-haddiscoveredlandmarkevidence...譯文：美國國家航空航天局的宇宙背景探測者Cobe號衛(wèi)星已經發(fā)現了劃時代的證據，證明宇宙確實起源于最早的一次爆炸，即人們一直所稱的“大爆炸”（此理論認為宇宙起源于一大塊能量）。13.Caughtinthewebofitsowntimeandplace,eachgenerationofhistoriansdeterminesanewwhatissignificantforitinthepast.句子主干：...eachgenerationofhistoriansdeterminesanew...譯文：由于受時間和地點的限制，每一代史學家都要重新判斷過去哪些史料對其有重要價值。14.Theironyofthehistorian'scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsarebutcontributionstoanunendingprocess.句子主干：Theironyofthehistorian'scraftisthat...譯文：實際從事歷史研究的人總是知道，他們的努力只不過是為永無止境的探索過程添磚加瓦，這就使其工作頗具諷刺意味。15.

Thereisnoagreementwhethermethodologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry.句子主干：Thereisnoagreement譯文：所謂方法論究竟是指一般的歷史研究研究中的特有概念，還是指歷史探究中各個具體領域適用的研究手段，人們對此意見不一。16.Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.句子主干：Governmentsactontheassumption譯文：世界各國政府都認為，人民的幸福主要依賴于社會的經濟實力和財富17.

Furthermoreitisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry'seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.句子主干：...itisobviousthatandthat...譯文：再者，顯而易見的是，一個國家的經濟實力與其工農業(yè)生產效率密切相關，而效率的提高又有賴于各種科技人員的努力。Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinsgroupstostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.句子主干：

Italsomeansthat...譯文：這就意味著，各國政府得越來越多地干預這些部門以便提高產量并確保產品會得到最好的利用。19.However,therearestillnoforecastsforwhenfaster-than-lighttravelwillbeavailable,orwhenhumancloningwillbeperfected,orwhentimetravelwillbepossible.句子主干：therearestillnoforecasts譯文：然而，仍然不能預報快于光速的旅行何時到來，或何時將完成克隆人，或何時可以實現或何時可以實現遨游過去或將來的時間旅行。What

is

needed

is

atechnology

of

behavior,

but

we

have

been

slow

todevelop

the

science

from

which

such

a

technologymight

be

drawn.句子主干：What

is

needed

is

atechnology

of

behavior,

but

we

have

been

slow...譯文：我們所需要的是一種行為技術，但是可能產生這種技術的科學一直發(fā)展緩慢。One

difficulty

is

that

almost

allof

what

is

called

behavioral

science

continues

to

trace

behaviorto

states

of

mind,

feelings,traits

of

character,

human

nature,

and

so

on.

Physics

and

biology

oncefollowed

similar

practicesand

advanced

only

when

they

discarded

them.句子主干：One

difficulty

is

that...；Physics

and

biology

followed

similar

practicesand

advanced...

譯文：難題之一在于所謂的行為科學幾乎全都依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格（特征）、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。物理學和生物學一度模仿類似的做法并且只有當它們拋棄這些做法后才得到發(fā)展。Therefore,

it

is

important

to

study

humans

in

all

their

richness

anddiversity

in

a

calm

andsystematic

manner,

with

the

hope

that

the

knowledge

resulting

from

suchstudies

can

lead

humans

to

a

more

harmonious

way

of

living

with

themselves

and

with

all

other

lifeformson

this

planet

Earth.句子主干：...it

is

important

to

study

humans譯文：因此，運用冷靜和系統(tǒng)的方法對人類的廣泛性與多樣性進行研究是至關重要的，我們希望通過這些研究獲得的知識可以促進人與人之間，以及人與地球上的所有其它物種更加和諧共存。But

the

idea

that

the

journalist

must

understand

the

law

more

profoundly

than

an

ordinary

citizen

rests

on

an

understanding

of

the

established

conventions

and

special

responsibilities

ofthe

news

media.句子主干：...the

idearests

on

an

understanding...譯文：但是記者必須比普通市民更深刻地理解法律的觀點是基于對新聞媒體既定的規(guī)則和特定的責任的理解。Implicit

within

Tylor's

definition

is

the

concept

that

culture

is

learned.shared,

and

patterned

behavior.句子主干：...the

concept

isimplicit

within

Tylor's

definition譯文：泰勒關于文化的定義暗示出這樣一個概念，即文化是后天習得的、與他人共享的和形成固定模式的行為。Being

interested

in

the

relationship

of

language

and

thought,

Whorf

developed

the

idea

thatthe

structure

of

language

determines

the

structure

of

habitual

thought

in

a

society.

句子主干：...Whorf

developed

the

idea...譯文：Whorf對語言與思維的關系很感興趣,逐漸形成了這樣的觀點：在一個社會中,語言的結構決定習慣思維的結構。26.Bylinkingdirectlytoournervoussystem,computerscouldpickupwhatwefeeland,hopefully,simulatefeelingtoosothatwecanstarttodevelopfullsensoryenvironments,ratherliketheholidaysinTotalRecallortheStarTrekholodeck.句子主干：...computerscouldpickup譯文：通過直接與我們的神經系統(tǒng)相連接，電腦能夠料及到我們的感情并且有望模擬我們的情感，這樣我們就能著手開發(fā)完全傳感的環(huán)境，類似于電影“全面回顧”中的度假或“星球旅行”中的全息甲板?！盬horf

came

to

believe

in

a

sort

oflinguistic

determinism

which,

in

its

strongest

form,

statesthat

language

imprisons

themind,

and

that

the

grammatical

patterns

in

a

language

can

producefar-reachingconsequences

for

the

culture

of

a

society.

句子主干：Whorf

came

to

believe

in

a

sort

oflinguistic

determinism...譯文：Whorf進而相信某種類似語言決定論的觀點,其極端說法是：語言禁錮思維,語言的語法結構能對一個社會的文化產生深遠的影響。28.Thisalonedemonstratesthatthetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvive,inafactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyE