職稱英語理工類概括大意加強(qiáng)練習(xí)(二)

職稱英語理工類概括大意加強(qiáng)練習(xí)⑴

Thefridge

Thefridgeisconsideredanecessity.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhen

packagedfoodfirstappearedwiththelabel:"storeintherefrigerator."

InmyfridgelessFiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.Themilkman

camedaily,thegrocer,thebutcher,thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwo

orthreetimesaweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplus

breadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswastedandwewerenever

troubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearson,fooddeliverieshaveceased,fresh

vegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.

Whatrefrigerationdidpromotewasmarketing-marketinghardwareand

electricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheglobe

insearchofagoodprice.

Consequently,mostoftheworld'sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropics

wheretheymightproveuseful,butinthewealthycountrieswithmildtemperatures

wheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary.Everywinter,millionsoffridgeshum

awaycontinuously,andatvastexpanse,busilymaintaininganartificially-cooled

spaceinsideanartificially-heatedhouse-whileoutside,natureprovidesthedesired

temperaturefreeofcharge.

Thefridge/seffectupontheenvironmenthasbeenevident,whileits

contributiontohumanhappinesshasbeeninsignificant.Ifyoudon/tbelieveme,tryit

yourself.Investinafoodcabinetandturnoffyourfridgenextwinter.Youmaymiss

thehamburgersbutatleastyou/llgetrideofthatterriblehum.

1.Paragraph2A.Theinventionofthefridge

2.Paragraph4B.Thepollutioncausedbyfridges

3.Paragraph5C.Thewidespreadneedforfridges

4.Paragraph6D.Thedayswithoutthefridge

E.Thewasteofenergycausedbyfridges

5.Beforefridgescameintouse,itwasstillpossibleforpeopletohavefresh

foodsbecause.

6.Theinventionofthefridgehasnotprovidedanew,economicalwayinwhich

7.Animportantcontributionmadebytheinventionofthefridgeisthat

8.Ifyoustopusingthefridge,atleastyouwon/tbetroubledbythenoise

A.milk,meat,vegetables,etc.weredelivered

C.foodscanbepreserved

D.mostkidslikeicedsoftdrinks

E.everyhousewifeneedsfood

F.thefridgeproducedwhenitisworking

參考答案：

Passage1:

Thefridge

l.Do分析：段首句（觀點(diǎn)句）說"在我童年的時(shí)候還沒有冰箱，但是我吃的

很好，吃的是很健康的食物"，接著提到了“送奶工每天送奶，食品商等每周幾

次的送貨〃，這在內(nèi)容上是具體說明“沒有使用冰箱時(shí)生活的情況"，在該段最

后一句中提到“三十年過去了，供貨者已經(jīng)不再送食物（上門）了，.，'，結(jié)合該句

內(nèi)容不難推斷該段中前面部分的主要內(nèi)容是有關(guān)“沒有冰箱"時(shí)生活情況的描述,

因此判斷D（沒有冰箱的日子）是答案。

3.Eo分析：該段段首句很長，但是注意到段首句中出現(xiàn)了由轉(zhuǎn)折詞but所

引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折句（段首句/段未句中的轉(zhuǎn)折分句處的句意往往很可能是段落的主題

句），該部分內(nèi)容說"但是（世界上絕大多數(shù)的冰箱被發(fā)現(xiàn)是用在那些氣候溫和的,

富有國家里，這些國家從氣候上說幾乎是沒有必要使用冰箱。）"，借助這部分

內(nèi)容判斷E（由冰箱所造成的能源浪費(fèi)）是答案的選項(xiàng)。

5.Ao分析：空格所在句子的基本時(shí)態(tài)（主句時(shí)態(tài)）是一般過去時(shí)，所以空格

所在的結(jié)構(gòu)（從句結(jié)構(gòu)）應(yīng)該是過去時(shí)態(tài)的一種，所以只有A,D,F可能是答案。

從搭配語意（在冰箱開始使用之前，因?yàn)榕Ｄ?，肉，蔬菜等食物都會送上門，所

以人們?nèi)匀豢赡塬@得新鮮的食物。）上看，A最合適。

6.Co分析：從搭配語意（冰箱的發(fā)明并沒有提供出一種新型的，經(jīng)濟(jì)的方

法來保存食物。）上看，C最合適。

7.Bo分析：空格前面部分的內(nèi)容說“冰箱的發(fā)明所作出的一個(gè)重要的貢獻(xiàn)

是...〃，我們在解答概括大意部分的題時(shí)，已經(jīng)了解到“市場銷售/貿(mào)易'是"冰箱的

貢獻(xiàn)〃，對比剩下的選項(xiàng)，判斷B（冰箱促進(jìn)了各種商品的銷售）是答案。

8.Fo分析：空格前面部分的內(nèi)容說“如果你停止使用冰箱，至少你不會被…

噪音所影響?！保瑥拇钆湔Z意上直接選擇F（當(dāng)冰箱工作時(shí)產(chǎn)生的）。

職稱英語理工類概括大意加強(qiáng)練習(xí)⑷

TeachYourChildScience

1Itisimportanttomakeyourchildinterestedinsciencefromanearlyage.

Mostyoungchildrenaskalotofquestionsandyoushouldgivecarefulscientific

answers.Don'tonlygivefacts,buttrytogiveexplanationsaswell.

3Askyourchildtogetapieceofstring,somesalt,aglassofwaterandanice

cube（冰塊）.Tellhertoputtheiceinthewater,andthenputoneendofthestring

ontheice,leavingtheotherendoverthesideoftheglass.Putalittlesaltontheice.

Waitaminute,andthenpullthestring;itshouldbeattachedtotheice.Askthechild:

"whathashappened?"

4Probablyshewon'tknow.Askherwhetherfreshwaterorsaltwaterfreezes

intoicefirst.Ifyouliveneartheseaandhaveacoldwinter,sheshouldknowfresh

waterfreezesfirstasshewillhaveseenthathappen.Showherhowtotesttheidea

byhalf-fillingtwopapercupswithwater,addingsalttoone.Thenputtheminthe

iceboxandcheckeverythreeminutes.Writetheresultsinatable.Theconclusion

willbethatsaltchangesthebehaviourofwater.'Thinkingaboutthestring,wesee

thesaltturnedsomeoftheiceintowater.Thenthesaltwentawayintothewater

andtheicefrozeagainleavingthestringattached.

5Thenyoucanask,"Willwaterwithsaltboilatthesametemperatureas

waterwithoutsalt?"Shecanthink,tellyouherideaand(takingcarebecauseofthe

heat)youcantestitinthekitchen.

23Paragraph1

24Paragraph2

25Paragraph3

26Paragraph4

AWhatexactlyisscience?

BHowdoyoufindanexplanation?

CWhattopicsdoyouneed?

DHowdoyouansweryourchild'squestions?

EWheredoesyourchildstudyscience?

FHowdoyousetuptheexperimentonsaltandwater?

27Whenyourchildasksyouquestions,youshouldgiveher

28Wesetupexperimentstotestourideasabout

29Intheexperiment,oneendofthestringwasattachedto

30Theexperimentshowsthatsaltchangesthebehaviourof

Atheicebox

Btheice

Cscientificanswers

Dtheexperiment

Etheworld

Fwater

答案與解析：

1.分析文章主題：teachyourchildScience

2.分析被選項(xiàng)小標(biāo)題：

AWhatexactlyisscience?

BHowdoyoufindanexplanation?

CWhattopicsdoyouneed?

DHowdoyouansweryourchild'squestions?

EWheredoesyourchildstudyscience?

FHowdoyousetuptheexperimentonsaltandwater?

3.直接解題：

AWhatexactlyisscience?

BHowdoyoufindanexplanation?

CWhattopicsdoyouneed?

DHowdoyouansweryourchild'squestions?

EWheredoesyourchildstudyscience?

FHowdoyousetuptheexperimentonsaltandwater?

23Paragraph1

答案：Do（child是段落主題詞）

1Itisimportanttomakeyourchildinterestedinsciencefromanearlyage.

Mostyoungchildrenaskalotofquestionsandyoushouldgivecarefulscientific

answers.Don'tonlygivefacts,buttrytogiveexplanationsaswell.

AWhatexactlyisscience?

BHowdoyoufindanexplanation?

CWhattopicsdoyouneed?

EWheredoesyourchildstudyscience?

FHowdoyousetuptheexperimentonsaltandwater?

24Paragraph2

答案：Ao

BHowdoyoufindanexplanation?

CWhattopicsdoyouneed?

EWheredoesyourchildstudyscience?

FHowdoyousetuptheexperimentonsaltandwater?

25Paragraph3

答案；F（water,salt是段落主題詞）

3Askyourchildtogetapieceofstring,somesalt,aglassofwaterandanice

cube（冰塊）.Tellhertoputtheiceinthewater,andthenputoneendofthestring

ontheice,leavingtheotherendoverthesideoftheglass.Putalittlesaltontheice.

Waitaminute,andthenpullthestring;itshouldbeattachedtotheice.Askthechild:

"whathashappened?"

BHowdoyoufindanexplanation?

CWhattopicsdoyouneed?

EWheredoesyourchildstudyscience?

26Paragraph4

答案：B（排除法）

4Probablyshewon'tknow.Askherwhetherfreshwaterorsaltwaterfreezes

intoicefirst.Ifyouliveneartheseaandhaveacoldwinter,sheshouldknowfresh

waterfreezesfirstasshewillhaveseenthathappen.Showherhowtotesttheidea

byhalf-fillingtwopapercupswithwater,addingsalttoone.Thenputtheminthe

iceboxandcheckeverythreeminutes.Writetheresultsinatable.Theconclusion

willbethatsaltchangesthebehaviorofwater.'Thinkingaboutthestring,weseethe

saltturnedsomeoftheiceintowater.Thenthesaltwentawayintoit

職稱英語理工類概括大意加強(qiáng)練習(xí)⑺

VoltsfromtheSky

Lightninghascausedaweandwondersinceoldtimes.AlthoughBenjamin

Franklindemonstratedlightningasenormouselectricaldischargemorethan200

yearsago,manypuzzlesstillsurroundthispowerfulphenomenon.

Thunderisgeneratedbythetremendousheatreleasedinalightningdischarge.

Temperaturesnearthedischargecanreachashighas507000°Fwithinthousandthsof

asecond.Thissuddenheatingactsasanexplosion,generatingshockwaveswehear

asthunder.

About2,000thunderstormsareoccurringintheworldatanytime,generating

about100lightingstrikeseverysecond,or8milliondaily.WithintheUnitedStates,

lightningstrikesareestimatedat20millionayear,orabout22,000perday.Youhave

al-in-600z000chanceofbringstruckbylightningduringyourlifetime.Lightningcan

striketwiceormoreinthesamespot.TheEmpireStateBuildinginNewYorkisstruck

bylightningabouttwodozentimesannually.

Youcanmeasurehowfaryouarefromalightningstrikebycountingthe

secondsbetweenviewingtheflashandhearingthebang,andthendividingbyfive.

Thisapproximatesthemileage.

練習(xí)：1-4題的要求是，從第一個(gè)方框的六個(gè)選項(xiàng)A、B、C、D、E、F中選出

四個(gè)選項(xiàng)為注明的段落各配一個(gè)合適的小標(biāo)題。5-8題的要求是，從第二個(gè)方框

的六個(gè)選項(xiàng)A、B、C、D、E、F中選出四個(gè)選項(xiàng)完成每個(gè)句子。

1.Paragraphs2and3

2.Paragraph4

3.Paragraph5

4.Paragraph6

ACloud-to-groundlightningoccurringintheU.S.

BTypesoflightning

CCauseoflightning

DDifferencesbetweenthunderandthunderstorm

EFrequenciesofthunderstormsoccurringintheworldandtheU.S.

FShockwavesasthunder

5.Inmostcasesofcloud-to-groundlightning,theground'ssurface...

6.Oneformoflightningthat...isballlightning...

7.Cloudlightninglookslikearibbonwhenitslightingchannel...

8.Althoughnotfullyunderstandingprocessesoflightning,man...

Aoccursmostinfrequently.

Bisshiftedsidewaysbystrongwinds.

Cisoftenhiddenfromourview.

Disequippedwithagoodknowledgeofvariousformsoflightning.

Eisestimatedat20millionsayear.

Fispositivelycharged.

KEYS:CBFEFABD

職稱英語理工類概括大意加強(qiáng)練習(xí)⑸

TheScienceofSport

1Atthe2004OlympicGamesinAthens,theChineseathleteLiuXiangequaled

theworldrecordforthe110metreshurdles（跨欄）whenherantheracein12.91

seconds.Thisrecordtimehadbeensetin1993byBritishsprinter（短跑運(yùn)動員）Colin

Jacksonand9yearswentbybeforeanotherathletewasabletorunasfast.

2Record-breakinginalltrackeventsisslowingdownandweappeartobe

movingmuchclosertothelimitsofhumanperformance.Nevertheless,everyfour

years,recordswhichwerepreviouslythoughttobeunbeatablearebroken.Sowhat's

behindthisnever-endingimprovementinperformance?Andhowlongcanwekeep

breakingrecords?Istherealimittohumanperformanceorwillathletescontinueto

gainseconds?

3Mostexpertsagreethatitisn'ttheathletes'bodieswhichhavechangedbut

thehugeadvancesinsportsciencewhichhaveenabledthemtoimprovetheir

performances.Theindividualathleteobviouslyhastohavethenecessaryskilland

determinationtosucceed,butthehelpofscienceandtechnologycanbesignificant.

Researchhasbroughtabetterunderstandingoftheathlete'sbodyandmindbutthe

advancesinsportsequipmenttechnologyhavealsohadanimportantimpacton

humanperformance.

4Scientistshaveshownthatanathlete'sbody'sneedsvaryaccordingtothe

typeofsport.Thisresearchhashelpedtopsportspeopletoadapttheirtraining

programmeanddietbettertotheirparticularneeds.Runningthemarathonand

cycling,forexample,areendurance（耐力）sportsandrequireadifferentparathion

（硝苯硫磷脂）tothatofa100-metresprinter.Insomesports,changesintechniques

havesignificantlyimprovedperformance.

23Paragraph2

24Paragraph3

25Paragraph4

26Paragraph5

ASciencemaybetooimportanttoday.

BSportsequipmenthasbeenimprovedalot.

CAthletesarestillbreakingrecords.

DSportsciencehelpsimproveathletes'performances.

EMentaltrainingisasimportantasphysicaltraining.

FDifferentsportsrequiredifferenttrainingprograms.

27Itismoredifficultfortoday'sathletes

28Wedon'tknowifthereisalimit.

29Researchhashelpedcoaches.

30Scientificadvancesaresuspected

Atobreakrecords

Btobetterunderstandtheathlete'sbodyandmind

Ctotimeandspace

Dtobereplacingthesportingchallenge

Etohumanperformance

Ftoavoidpsychologicaltechniques

答案與解析：

分析文章標(biāo)題：thescienceofsports分析被選項(xiàng)小標(biāo)題:

ASciencemaybetooimportanttoday.

BSportsequipmenthasbeenimprovedalot.

CAthletesarestillbreakingrecords.

DSportsciencehelpsimproveathletes'performances.

EMentaltrainingisasimportantasphysicaltraining.

FDifferentsportsrequiredifferenttrainingprograms.

直接解題：

ASciencemaybetooimportanttoday.

BSportsequipmenthasbeenimprovedalot.

CAthletesarestillbreakingrecords.

DSportsciencehelpsimproveathletes'performances.

EMentaltrainingisasimportantasphysicaltraining.

FDifferentsportsrequiredifferenttrainingprograms.

23Paragraph2

答案;C（breakrecords是段落主題詞）

2Record-breakinginalltrackeventsisslowingdownandweappeartobe

movingmuchclosertothelimitsofhumanperformance.Nevertheless,everyfour

years,recordswhichwerepreviouslythoughttobeunbeatablearebroken.Sowhat's

behindthisnever-endingimprovementinperformance?Andhowlongcanwekeep

breakingrecords?Istherealimittohumanperformanceorwillathletescontinueto

gainseconds?

ASciencemaybetooimportanttoday.

BSportsequipmenthasbeenimprovedalot.

DSportsciencehelpsimproveathletes'performances.

EMentaltrainingisasimportantasphysicaltraining.

FDifferentsportsrequiredifferenttrainingprograms.

24Paragraph3

答案：E（段首句是段落主題句）

3Mostexpertsagreethatitisn'ttheathletes'bodieswhichhavechangedbut

thehugeadvancesinsportsciencewhichhaveenabledthemtoimprovetheir

performances.Theindividualathleteobviouslyhastohavethenecessaryskilland

determinationtosucceed,butthehelpofscienceandtechnologycanbesignificant.

Researchhasbroughtabetterunderstandingoftheathlete'sbodyandmindbutthe

advancesinsportsequipmenttechnologyhavealsohadanimportantimpacton

humanperformance.

ASciencemaybetooimportanttoday.

BSportsequipmenthasbeenimprovedalot.

EMentaltrainingisasimportantasphysicaltraining.

FDifferentsportsrequiredifferenttrainingprograms.

25Paragraph4

答案：F（段首句是段落主題句）

4Scientistshaveshownthatanathlete'sbody'sneedsvaryaccordingtothe

typeofsport.Thisresearchhashelpedtopsportspeopletoadapttheirtraining

programme

職稱英語理工類概括大意加強(qiáng)練習(xí)(9)

Paris

Paris,thecapitalandthelargestcityofthecountry,isinnorthcentralFrance.

TheParismetropolitanareacontainsnearly20%ofthenation'spopulationandisthe

economic,cultural,andpoliticalcenterofFrance.TheFrenchgovernmentshave

historicallyfavoredthecityasthesiteforalldecisionmaking,thuspowerfully

attractingnearlyallofthenation/sactivities.

Parishasgrownsteadilysinceitwaschosenasthenationalcapitalinthelate

10thcentury.WiththeintroductionoftheIndustrialRevolution,agreatnumberof

peoplemovedtothecityfromthecountryduringthe19thcentury.Themigration

wasespeciallystimulatedbytheconstructionofrailroads,whichprovidedeasy

accesstothecapital.AfterWorldWarIImoreandmoreimmigrantsarrived.

Thecityisthecentralizedcontrolpointofmostnationalradioandtelevision

broadcasting.Itisaplaceofpublicationofthemostprestigiousnewspapersand

magazinesandaninternationalbookpublishingcenter.Withmorethan100

museums,Parishastrulybeenoneofthegreatestconcentrationsofarttreasuresin

theworld.TheLouver,openedasamuseumin1793,isoneofthelargestmuseums

intheworld.

Inthelate1980sabout4.1millionpupilsannuallyattendedabout47,000

elementaryschools.Inaddition,about5.4millionstudentsattendedsome11,200

secondaryschools.Approximately1.2millionstudentswereenrolledannuallyat

universitiesandcollegesinFranceinthelate1980s.Frenchcentersoflearninghave

servedasacademicmodelsthroughouttheworld.

練習(xí)

1.Paragraph?.

2.Paragraphs.

3.Paragraph4.

4.Paragraphs.

AHistoryofthecity

BIndustriesofthecity

CPopulationgrown

DEducation

ECulturalcenter

FImmigration

5.Parishasinhistorybeenthecenterof

6.Sincethe10thcentury,thepopulationofParis

7.Manyvaluableworksofart

8.ParisisnotonlythecenterofeducationofFrance,butalsothe

center.

AcanbefoundinParis

Bthemajoreventsofthenation

Cofthecountry'sindustries

Dalotofcinemasandtheaters

Ehasbeengrowingsteadily

Fhasbeendecreasingrapidly

Key:CEDBBEAC

職稱英語理工類概括大意加強(qiáng)練習(xí)⑶

NiceNameButShe'sSoDeadly

1MorethanamillionpeopleintheUnitedStatesweretoldtoleavetheir

homesovertheweekendasHurricane（颶風(fēng)）DennisheadedtotheGulfcoast,after

killingatleast15peopleintheCaribbeanSea.

2Ifyoureadthenewsoftenenoughsyoumaynoticethatallhurricanesare

givennames.Whyisthat?Remember,therecanbemorethanonehurricane

operatingatonetime.Withoutnamingthem,wecouldgetconfusedaboutwhich

stormwe'retalkingabout.

3Forhundredsofyears,hurricanesintheCaribbeanwerenamedafterthe

particularreligiousdayonwhichtheyoccurred.OneAustralianmeteorologist（氣象

學(xué)家）begangivingwomen'snamestotropicalstormsattheendofthe19thcentury.

In1953,theUSNationalWeatherService,whichisresponsiblefortracking

hurricanesandissuingwarnings,beganusingfemalenamesforstorms.Byi979,both

womenandmen'snameswerebeingused.Onenameforeachletterofthealphabet

（字母表）jsselected,exceptforQ,UandZ.

4Sowhodecideswhichnamesareused'eachyear?TheWorldMeteorological

Organizationusessixlistsinrotation,soeachlistisreusedeverysixyears.

5Here'salistofthe2005Atlantichurricanes,accordingtotheUSNational

HurricaneCentre:Arlene,Bret,Cindy,Dennis,Emily,Franklin,Gert,Harvey,Irene,

Jose,Katrina,Lee,Maria,Nate,Ophelia,Philippe,Rita,Stan,Tammy,Vince,Wilma.

23Paragraph1

24Paragraph2

25Paragraph3

26Paragraph4

AReasonfornaminghurricanes

BWarningofanapproachinghurricane

CDeadlywomen

DHistoryofnaminghurricanes

EOrganizationresponsiblefornaminghurricanes

FWaystotrackhurricanes

27Overamillionpeoplewerewarnednot

28TheresponsibilityoftheUSNationalWeatherServiceis

29Hurricanesaregivennames.

30Attheendo[the19thcentury,women'snamesstarted.

Atotrackhurricanesandissuewarnings

Btoavoidconfusion

Ctostayathome

Dtobegiventotropicalstorms

Etomakepredictions

Ftokillatleast15people

答案及解析

1.分析文章標(biāo)題：NiceNameButShe'sSoDeadly

1MorethanamillionpeopleintheUnitedStatesweretoldtoleavetheir

homesovertheweekendasHurricane（颶風(fēng)）DennisheadedtotheGulfcoast,after

killingatleast15peopleintheCaribbeanSea.

2Ifyoureadthenewsoftenenough,youmaynoticethatallhurricanesare

givennames.Whyisthat?Remember,therecanbemorethanonehurricane

operatingatonetime.Withoutnamingthem,wecouldgetconfusedaboutwhich

stormwe'retalkingabout.

3Forhundredsofyears,hurricanesintheCaribbeanwerenamedafterthe

particularreligiousdayonwhichtheyoccurred.OneAustralianmeteorologist（氣象

學(xué)家）begangivingwomen'snamestotropicalstormsattheendofthe19thcentury.

In1953,theUSNationalWeatherService,whichisresponsiblefortracking

hurricanesandissuingwarnings,beganusingfemalenamesforstorms.Byi979,both

womenandmen'snameswerebeingused.Onenameforeachletterofthealphabet

（字母表）isselected,exceptforQ,UandZ.

4Sowhodecideswhichnamesareused'eachyear?TheWorldMeteorological

Organizationusessixlistsinrotation,soeachlistisreusedeverysixyears.

5Here'salistofthe2005Atlantichurricanes,accordingtotheUSNational

HurricaneCentre:Arlene,Bret,Cindy,Dennis,Emily,Franklin,Gert,Harvey,Irene,

Jose,Katrina,Lee,Maria,Nate,Ophelia,Philippe,Rita,Stan,Tammy,Vince,Wilma.

2.分析小標(biāo)題被選項(xiàng)：

AReasonfornaminghurricanes

BWarningofanapproachinghurricane

CDeadlywomen(*)

DHistoryofnaminghurricanes

EOrganizationresponsiblefornaminghurricanes

FWaystotrackhurricanes

3.直接解題：

23Paragraph1

答案：Bo

1MorethanamillionpeopleintheUnitedStatesweretoldtoleavetheir

homesovertheweekendasHurricane(颶風(fēng))DennisheadedtotheGulfcoast,after

killingatleast15peopleintheCaribbeanSea.

AReasonfornaminghurricanes

CDeadlywomen(*)

DHistoryofnaminghurricanes

EOrganizationresponsiblefornaminghurricanes

FWaystotrackhurricanes

24Paragraph2

答案：：(段落主題詞：在段落中沒有分

AnameoHistory,organization

別對應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)信息)

2Ifyoureadthenewsoftenenough,youmaynoticethatallhurricanesare

givennames.Whyisthat?Remember,therecanbemorethanonehurricane

operatingatonetime.Withoutnamingthem,wecouldgetconfusedaboutwhich

stormwe'retalkingabout.

CDeadlywomen(*)

DHistoryofnaminghurricanes

EOrganizationresponsiblefornaminghurricanes

FWaystotrackhurricanes

25Paragraph3

答案：D（name是段落主題詞，段落中出現(xiàn)了與“歷史"呼應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)信息）

3Forhundredsofyears,hurricanesintheCaribbeanwerenamedafterthe

particularreligiousdayonwhichtheyoccurred.OneAustralianmeteorologist（氣象

學(xué)家）begangivingwomen'snamestotropicalstormsattheendofthe19thcentury.

In1953,theUSNationalWeatherService,whichisresponsiblefortracking

hurricanesandissuingwarnings,beganusingfemalenamesforstorms.Byi979,both

womenandmen'snameswerebeingused.Onenameforeachletterofthealphabet

（字母表）jsselected,exceptforQ,UandZ.

CDeadlywomen（*）

EOrganizationresponsiblefornaminghurrica

職稱英語理工類概括大意加強(qiáng)練習(xí)⑵

MoreThan8HoursSleepTooMuchofaGoodThing

Althoughthedangersoftoolittlesleeparewidelyknown，newresearch

suggeststhatpeoplewhosleeptoomuchmayalsosuffertheconsequences.

InvestigatorsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanDiegofoundthatpeoplewho

clockup9or10hourseachweeknightappeartohavemoretroublefallingand

stayingasleep,aswellasanumberofothersleepproblems,thanpeoplewhosleep

8hoursanight.Peoplewhosleptonly7hourseachnightalsosaidtheyhadmore

troublefallingasleepandfeelingrefreshedafteranightssleepthan8-hoursleepers.

Thesefindings,whichDLDanielKripkereportedinthejournalPsychosomatic

Medicine,demonstratethatpeoplewhowanttogetagoodnightsrestmaynot

needtosetaside。morethan8hoursanight.Headdedmightbeagood

ideauforpeoplewhosleepmorethan8hourseachnighttoconsiderreducingthe

amountoftimetheyspendinbed,butcautionedthatmoreresearchisneededto

confirmthis.

Previousstudieshaveshownthepotentialdangersofchronicshortagesofsleep

一forinstance,onereportdemonstratedthatpeoplewhohabituallysleeplessthan

7hourseachnighthaveahigherriskofdyingwithinafixedperiodthanpeoplewho

sleepmore.

Forthecurrentreport,Kripkereviewedtheresponsesof1,004adultstosleep

questionnaires,inwhichparticipantsindicatedhowmuchtheysleptduringtheWeek

andwhethertheyexperiencedanysleepproblems.Sleepproblemsincludedwaking

inthemiddleofthenight,arisingearlyinthemorningandbeingunabletofallback

tosleep,andhavingfatigueinterferewithday-to-dayfunctioning.

KriDkefoundthatpeoplewhosleptbetween9and10hourseachnightwere

morelikelytoreportexperiencingeachsleepproblemthanpeoplewhoslept8

hours.Inaninterview,Kripkenotedthatlongsleepersmaystruggletogetrestat

nightsimplybecausetheyspendtoomuchtimeinbed.Asevidence,headdedthat

onewaytohelpinsomniaistospendlesstimeinbed."Itstandstoreasonthatifa

personspendstoolongatimeinbed,thenthey'llspendahigherpercentageoftime

awake.Hhesaid.

1.Paragraph2.

2.Paragraph4.

3.Paragraph5.

4.Paragraph6.

A.Keprike'sresearchtool

B.DangersofHabitualshortagesofsleep

C.CriticismonKripke/sreport

E.Sleepproblemsoflongandshortsleepers

F.Classificationofsleepproblems

5.Togetagoodnightsrest,peoplemaynotneedto,

6.Longsleepersarereportedtobemorelikelyto,

7.Oneofthesleepproblemsiswakinginthemiddleofthenight,unableto

8.Onesurveyshowedthatpeoplewhohabituallyeachnighthaveahigher

riskofdying.

Afallasleepagain.

Csleeplessthan7hours

Dconfirmthoseseriousconsequences

Esuffersleepproblems

Fsleepmorethan8hours

參考答案:

MoreThan8HoursSleepTooMuchofaGoodThing

1.E：Investigators...foundthatpeoplewhoclockup9or10hourseach

weeknightappeartohavemoretroublefalling,than...該句回應(yīng)了文章的主題一睡

眠時(shí)間太長不是好事;對應(yīng)被選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)只有E和F與這個(gè)內(nèi)容有關(guān)系，但段落最后

一句中又提到了睡眠不足的人的問題，因此判斷E是答案（睡眠長和睡眠短的人所

面臨的睡眠問題）。

2.B.分析：段落的結(jié)構(gòu)--Previousstudieshaveshownthepotentialdangersof

chronicshortagesofsleep-fo門nstance..表明了該段的中心是講述“長期睡眠不足

的潛在危險(xiǎn)〃

3.A.分析：對于該段落答案的選擇具有一定的迷惑性，A和F容易相互成為

干擾項(xiàng)，但由于段落中提到的“睡眠問題〃是屬于問卷上要回答的內(nèi)容，是和

Keprike的直接研究有關(guān)，所以判斷A是答案，同時(shí)推測F可能是干擾項(xiàng)。

4.D：段落中出現(xiàn)的Kripkefound,Kripkenoted和headded表明"Kripke的

觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度應(yīng)該是該段的中心"，對比被選項(xiàng)排除C（段落中沒有出現(xiàn)批評的話語）

和F（段落中沒有具體提到睡眠問題的表現(xiàn)形式），而段落最后第2句提到了克服

失眠的方法一一少花時(shí)間在床上，與D呼應(yīng)。

5E分析：根據(jù)搭配結(jié)構(gòu)needtod。sth.判斷所有選項(xiàng)都在語法上合適。借助

搭配句意：“為了獲得晚上好的休息，人們沒有必要。。”判斷F（睡眠超過8小時(shí)）。

6.E.分析：借助搭配句意："睡眠時(shí)間長的人根據(jù)報(bào)道更有可能。?！?，并結(jié)

合文章主題一睡眠時(shí)間長不是好事情，判斷E合適。也可借助文章中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容

（利用題干中的Longsleepe