中考復(fù)習(xí)之非謂語動詞

非謂語動詞1第一頁，共54頁。第一局部：什么是非謂語動詞？2第二頁，共54頁。非謂語動詞:在句中不單獨作謂語的動詞叫非謂語動詞。例:Helikestoreadthenovel.例：Heenjoyedtravelingaroundworld.例：JohnmadeTomgowithhim.解析：英語的單句中，可能有兩個動詞，動詞2根據(jù)動詞1而變化。而我們看到的動詞2，及(todo,doing,done等形式，就是非謂語動詞〕

3第三頁，共54頁。單句中的動詞1與動詞2，動詞1是謂語，有各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣的變化動詞2根據(jù)動詞1而變化例:HewantedtodothatIamenjoyingseeingthefilmLetusgo!4第四頁，共54頁。非謂語動詞的種類1.不定式

todo有還沒有做的含義.2.動名詞doing表示抽象的名詞意義*3.現(xiàn)在分詞doing表示主動或進行的意義.*4.過去分詞done表示被動或完成的意義.5第五頁，共54頁。6第六頁，共54頁。

動詞不定式的根本形式是“to+動詞原形“，有時可以不帶to.動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語。在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。7第七頁，共54頁。用法：用作賓語(v.+todo)Iwanttobuyacomputer.Shehopestofindabetterjob.Iwishtogowithyou.needtodo learntodo agreetodoplantododecidetodo refusetodobegintodostarttodo trytodoforgettodoremembertodo liketodoStoptodo goontodocan’twaittodo8第八頁，共54頁。Sheaskedmetohelpher.Theteachertoldhimtocomeontime.Edison’smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite.

wantsbtodo wishsbtodo

getsbtodo ordersbtodo

findsbtobe likesbtodo

wouldlikesbtodo helpsbtodoexpectsbtodo9第九頁，共54頁。在find\make\feel\think\consider+it+adj．+todosth．句型中，it是形式賓語,真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式。Ifounditverydifficulttogetajob.Theterribleweathermadeitimpossibletogoouting．IfeeliteasytorecitethetextAlltheteachersconsideritnecessarytolistenattentivelyinclass.10第十頁，共54頁。Iwenttheretoseemyteacher.ShecamebacktogetherEnglishbook.Theboxwastooheavytomove.(目的)(目的)〔結(jié)果〕11第十一頁，共54頁。常見動詞有：一感：feel二聽：listento,hear三讓:let,make,have四看:see,lookat,watch,notice比較：Isawhercrossingthestreet.Isawhercrossthestreet.12第十二頁，共54頁。4.用作主語1.Tobeanactressismydream.2.Togoabroadishisdream.3.Tosayiseasy,todoisdifficult.〔這時可將其用形式主語it來替換〕Itismydreamtobeanactress.Itishisdreamtogoabroad.Itiseasytosay,itisdifficulttodo.13第十三頁，共54頁。It’s+adj+ofsb+todosth.Eg:你能邀請我，你真是太善良了。It’sverykindofyoutoinvitme.假設(shè)形容詞是描述人的性格、品質(zhì)的，如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用ofsb.Eg:你真聰明，解出了這道數(shù)學(xué)題。It’scleverofyoutoworkoutthemathsproblem.14第十四頁，共54頁。It’s+adj+forsb+todosth.假設(shè)形容詞是描述事物的性質(zhì)，用forsb.這類形容詞有difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，〔im〕possible等。Eg:對孩子們來說，穿過繁忙的街道很危險。It’sverydangerousforchildrentocrossthebusystreet.Eg:對我們來說，完成這項工作很困難。It’sdifficultforustofinishthework.15第十五頁，共54頁。5.用作表語Hisworkistofeedtheanimals.Herjobistolookafterthepatients.Mywishistobeascientist.16第十六頁，共54頁。6.用作定語Givemesomethingtodrink.Theyhavemuchfoodtoeat.〔這時不定式與被修飾詞有動賓關(guān)系。假設(shè)是不及物動詞，介詞不能省略〕Heaskedforaroomtolivein.Idon’thaveapentowritewith.Ihaveameetingtoattend17第十七頁，共54頁。

不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語之后。不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種關(guān)系：(1)動賓關(guān)系Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。(2)主謂關(guān)系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他總是第一個來。(3)同位關(guān)系Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我們都有上大學(xué)的時機。18第十八頁，共54頁。7.疑問詞who,what,which,where,when,how加todo可構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中可用作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語等。Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.Idon’tknowwhattodo.Hecantellyouwheretogetthebook.Thequestionishowtogetthere.(主語)(賓語)(賓語補足語)(表語)19第十九頁，共54頁。Idon’tknowwhattodo.Idon’tknowhowtodoit.Idon’tknowwhattodowithit.Idon’tknowhowtodealwithit.20第二十頁，共54頁。一些省略to的句型Whynot+動詞原形=Whydon’tyou+動詞原形2.You’dbetter(not)+動詞原形3.wouldrather(not)+動詞原形makesb.(not)doletsb.(not)dohavesb.(not)dohelpsb.do/todo

21第二十一頁，共54頁。常見固定搭配1.too…todoThedeskistooheavytocarry.2.be+adj+enoughtodoTheroomisbigenoughfor10peopletolivein.3.It’stimetodosth或It’stimeforsbtodosth.It’stimetohavearest.4.Ittakessbsometimetodosth.Ittakesmethreedaystofinishthejob.5.be+adj〔glad.sorry.sure.happy.afraid等表情感的形容詞后〕+todosth.(1)I’msorrytotroubleyou.22第二十二頁，共54頁。Ittakesyoutenminutestogetthere.Ihopetoseehimsoon.Hiswishistobecomeanartist.Peopleeattolive,butnotlivetoeat.Ihavealottotellyou.It’snotrighttobealwaysthinkingofoneself.Weoftenseehimplayfootball.定語主語狀語表語賓語主語賓語補足語23第二十三頁，共54頁。跳舞非常有趣。種些植物是非常有必要的。說英語對我來說并不容易。聽到你的聲音真快樂。Todanceisalotoffun.Itisalotoffuntodance.Togrowplantsisveryimportant.Tohearyourvoiceissonice.TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforme.Itissonicetohearyourvoice.24第二十四頁，共54頁。我的工作是每天清掃這間屋子。最上策的方案就是馬上離開這兒。3我的夢想就是成為一名科學(xué)家。Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.Thebestplanistoleaveatonce.Mydreamistobeascientist.25第二十五頁，共54頁。他想借用我的錄音機。他們開始讀和寫。李琳喜歡玩什么？她喜歡踢足球。你長大了想做什么？Hewantstoborrowmyradio.Theybegantoreadandwrite.WhatsportsdoesLiLinliketoplay?Shelikestoplaysoccer.Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?26第二十六頁，共54頁。1我有許多書要看。2她有幾個問題要問。3他有一臺電視要修。4.我沒什么可擔(dān)憂的。Ihavemanybookstoread.Shehasafewquestionstoask.HehasaTVsettorepair.Ihavenothingtoworryabout.27第二十七頁，共54頁。他是一個值得信賴的人。6愛迪生是第一個創(chuàng)造電燈的人。7他那生病母親最多可活三個月。Heisamantobelievein.Edisonwasthefirstmantoinventthelights.Hissickmotherhasthreemonthstoliveatmost.28第二十八頁，共54頁。Theylookedforhimeverywhereandfoundhim__underthetree. a.lies b.lying c.lay d.lain√考點：see/hear/find/watchsb.dosth.(看見某人做了某事〕See/hear/find/watchsb.doingsth.〔看見某人正在做某事〕Isawhim__thesupermarketjustnow. a.entered b.entering c.enter d.toenter√Thegirlwhosoldmatcheswasfound___thenextmorning. a.die b.dying c.died d.dead√29第二十九頁，共54頁。-Doyouremember___mesomewhereinHangzhou?-Yes.Ithinkthat’s2yearsago.a.see b.seeing c.tosee d.saw√forget/remembertodosth.forget/rememberdoingsth.stop/goontodosthstop/goondoingsthThescientiststopped__tomethoughhewasbusy. a.talking b.totalk c.tohavetalkd.havingtalk√30第三十頁，共54頁。Themoreyouthinkaboutit,themorequestionsyouwillthinkof__. a.ask b.asked c.asking d.toask√考點：todo表示目的Thedoctordidwhathecould__thatchild. a.save b.tosave c.saved d.saving√Ihavenopen____. a.writing b.writingwith c.towritewith d.writing√

todo作定語，如是不及物動詞構(gòu)成不定式短語作定語，其后需接介詞31第三十一頁，共54頁。動名詞32第三十二頁，共54頁。動名詞由動詞+ing構(gòu)成，兼有動詞的特征和名詞的功能，可在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語等。動名詞的形式：否認(rèn)形式:doingnotdoing33第三十三頁，共54頁。2、在某些句型中it作形式主語Itisnousedoing做…沒用Itisnogooddoing做…沒好處Itisuselessdoing

做。。。沒用It’sawasteoftimedoing做。。。是浪費時間一、作主語1、動名詞作主語

(謂語動詞用單數(shù))*Sayingiseasierthandoing.*Beingforcedtouselefthandtowritewillmakeusveryuncomfortable..34第三十四頁，共54頁。*Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.*Itisnogoodsmoking.*Itisuselesstalkingtoomuch.*It’sawasteoftimehavingatalkwithhim.35第三十五頁，共54頁。二、作賓語

1〕作動詞的賓語*Shedeniedmakingamistake.*Heimaginedleadingahappylife.用動名詞作賓語的動詞有：36第三十六頁，共54頁。V+doingfinish完成forgive原諒keep保持,堅持imagine設(shè)想miss錯過mind介意suggest建議practise實行,實踐can‘thelp不禁admit成認(rèn)advise建議allow允許avoid防止appreciate感謝，欣賞consider考慮dislike不喜歡，討厭deny否認(rèn)enjoy享有,喜愛37第三十七頁，共54頁。2)介詞+ving(做介詞賓語〕insiston,stickto,dreamof,havedifficulty/troublein,feellike,succeedin,beafraidof,giveup,goon,等。*Heinsistedongoingtherealone.*Heleftwithoutsayinggood-byetous.*Isthereanyhopeofcatchingtheearlybus?*Insteadofstayingathome,Iwouldrathergotothecinema.*WecanimproveEnglishbypracticingmore.38第三十八頁，共54頁。介詞+doing

lookforwardtodoingsth.〔盼望〕be/getusedtodoingsth.〔習(xí)慣于〕preferdoingsthtodoingsth.〔更喜歡〕devotetodoingsth〔致力于〕makeacontributiontodoing〔做奉獻〕39第三十九頁，共54頁。Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Myfatherisusedtoridingabiketoworknow.Ipreferstayingathometogoingoutside.Theoldmandevotedallhismoneytohelpingthepoorchildren.Weshouldmakeacontributiontokeepingourschoolclean.40第四十頁，共54頁。三、作表語動名詞作表語時一般表示比較抽象的習(xí)慣性動作，表語和主語常?？梢曰Q。1〕Hishobbyispainting.=Paintingishishobby.2)Thebestpolicyisbeinghonest.=Beinghonestisthebestpolicy.41第四十一頁，共54頁。四.作定語動名詞作定語一般放在所修飾的名詞前。(動名詞做定語說明被修飾詞的用途和性質(zhì)〕*drinkingwater=waterforpeopletodrink*thesleepingbag=thebagforsleeping*awalkingstick=astickforwalking42第四十二頁，共54頁。1.Ican’timagine_____withsuchafamousauthor.2._____isagoodofexerciseforboththeyoungandtheold.3.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_____isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen43第四十三頁，共54頁。Ⅰ.用括號中動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空________(fish)ismyfavouritesport.Ioften_____(fish)forhourswithout_________(catch)anything.Butthisdoesn'tworryme.Someofthefishermen_______(be)unlucky.Insteadof_________(catch)fish,theycatcholdshoes.Iamevenlesslucky.Inevercatchanythingnotevenoldshoes.After_________(spend)wholemorningsontheriver,Ialwaysgohomewithanemptybag,“Youmustgiveup________(fish)!〞Myfriendssay.“It'sawasteoftime.〞Buttheydon'tknowoneimportantthing.I'mnotreallyinterestedin_________(fish).I'monlyinterestedin_______(sit)inaboatand_________(do)nothingatall.課時訓(xùn)練

Fishingfishcatchingarecatchingspendingfishingfishingsittingdoing44第四十四頁，共54頁。todo與doing45第四十五頁，共54頁。動名詞與不定式語義不同stoptodo

forgettodoremembertodo

trytodo

goontodo

meantodo

stopdoing

forgetdoingrememberdoing

trydoing

goondoing

meandoing

46第四十六頁，共54頁。1)stopdoing/todo

stoptodo

停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。

stopdoing

停止做某事。

Theystoptosmokeacigarette.

他們停下來，抽了根煙。

Imuststopsmoking.

我必須戒煙了。典型例題

Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped___

onabigrockbythesideofthepath.

A.tohaverested

B.resting

C.torest

D.rest答案：C。由題意可知，她到了山頂，停下來在一個路邊的大石頭上休息。因此，應(yīng)選擇"stoptodosth.停下來去做另一件事"。而不僅僅是爬山動作的終止，所以stopdoingsth.不正確。47第四十七頁，共54頁。

2)forgetdoing/todo

forgettodo

忘記要去做某事。

(未做)

forgetdoing

忘記做過某事。

(已做)

Thelightintheofficeisstilon.Heforgottoturnitoff.

辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關(guān)了。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動作)

Heforgotturningthelightoff.

他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。

(已做過關(guān)燈的動作)典型例題

----Thelightintheofficeisstillon.

----Oh，Iforgot___.

A.turningitoff

B.turnitoff

C.toturnitoff

D.havingturneditoff答案：C。由thelightisstillon可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的動作沒有發(fā)生，因此用forgettodosth.而forgetdoingsth表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實。此處不符合題意。48第四十八頁，共54頁。

3)rememberdoing/todo

remembertodo

記得去做某事

(未做)

rememberdoing

記得做過某事(已做)Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.

記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。

Don'tyouremember