《英語寫作教程（第一冊）》課件L1-2 manuscript form

Content

1.Capitalization2.Italics3.NumberandNumeral4.WordDivision5.Punctuation1.CapitalizationCanyoufigureoutsomepairsofwordswhosemeaningwillbechangedwithcapitalizationofthefirstword?(china瓷器,China中國)Smith史密斯（姓）smith鐵匠Bush布什（姓）bush灌木叢August八月

august威嚴(yán)的Turkey土耳其turkey火雞Pole波蘭人pole桿Carpenter卡彭特（姓）carpenter木匠Focus:WhenandHowtoCapitalize1.Capitalizethefirstwordofasentenceordirectquotation.HeoftengoestotheparkonSundays.What’swrongwithyou?”Iasked.Note1:Ifaquotedsentenceisbrokenintotwopartsandputintwopairsofquotationmarks,thesecondpartdoesnotbeginwithacapitalletterunlessthefirstwordisapropernounoranadjectivederivedfromapropernoun.“My

triptoMountTai,”hesaid,“wasinterestingbuttiring.”2.Capitalizeopeningandclosingofaletter.DearMr.Carpenter:Trulyyours,DearSir:Sincerelyyours,3.Capitalizenamesthatshowfamilyrelationship.Willyoucomewithme,Granny?Thankyou,Father.4.Capitalizepropernounsandtheirabbreviations;Propernounsarethenamesofspecificpeople,places,orthings.1.NamesandnicknamesofpeopleJohnF.Kennedy,StonewallJackson2.NamesofparticularplacesAsia,theU.S.A.,theGreatLakes3.Namesofcompanies,associations,unions,clubs,religiousandpoliticalgroupsandotherorganizationtheU.S.,DepartmentofDefense,Buddhism,Christian4.Daysoftheweek,monthsandholidaysMonday,July,Christmas5.Races,nations,nationalities,andtheirlanguagesJewish,English,American,Japanese6.Namesofprizes,treaties,andfamousdocumentstheNobelPrizetheDeclarationofIndependence7.Namesofbooks,magazines,newspapers,articles,poems,stories,films,TVshows,songsandthelikePrideandPrejudice,ChinaDaily,DesperateHousewife8.MilitaryandciviliantitlesGeneralMacArthur,ProfessorSmith9.NamesofcommercialproductsLenovo,Coca-Cola10.Namesofphilosophical,literaryandartisticmovements,historicalperiods,andeventstheSecondWorldWar,Marxism,Romanticism,theIndustrialRevolution單詞字母要大寫，下面規(guī)則是小結(jié)。

句子開頭首字母，文章標(biāo)題虛詞除（外）。

專有名詞要牢記，節(jié)日月份星期幾。

報刊雜志和書籍，職業(yè)頭銜和稱謂。

I無論在哪里，總是大寫沒問題(OK)。Exercise:P6(1,4,5)andP7(2,4,5)2.ItalicsFocus:WhenandHowtoItalicizeUseitalicstodenotenamesofships,aircrafts,paintings,sculpture,softwareprogram,websitesorhomepage,orthelike.Titanic(ship)Apollo2(spaceship)TheLastSupper(painting)2.Useitalicstodenotetitlesofbooks,scholarlyjournals,magazines,newspapers,governmentreports,plays,musicals,operas,films,televisionshows,radioprograms,longpoemsandthelike.JaneEyre(book)TheAmericanScholar(journal)ChinaDaily(newspaper)KingLear(play)Wasteland(longpoem)Note:Donotitalicizetheword“the”atthebeginningoftitles.3.Useitalicstodenoteforeignwordsandphrases.Laissez-faire(French,放任政策)isadoctrineholdingthatgovernmentshouldnotinterferewithtrade.Onformaloccasions,Chinesewillwearqipao.4.Useitalicstosetoffelementsspokenasthemselvesandtermsbeingdefined,orwordsandphrasesthatneedtobedefined.Hedottedeveryg

andcrossedeveryq.Todenote

means“torepresentsomething.”5.Useitalicstoemphasizeawordorphraseinastatement.Hemanagedtoeatthreepancakes.IsaidCaroline,notCatherine.斜體小結(jié)：1.用于作品名（書刊報；文學(xué)藝術(shù)類：繪畫雕塑音樂戲劇長詩；E類：電影電視軟件網(wǎng)址電臺節(jié)目等）2.用于特定的運(yùn)載工具的具體名稱（輪船，飛機(jī)，火箭，飛船）3.用于外來詞語4.用于強(qiáng)調(diào)或引起注意（單詞，字母，數(shù)字）

Exercise:P11(I:2,3;II:1,2)3.NumberandNumeralNumberinwritingcanbeusedintwoforms,anumber(thirty-five)andanumeral[alsocalledfigure,(35)].Focus:NumberUsenumbersatthebeginningofasentenceandneverbeginasentencewithanumeral.Twenty-fivemiddleschoolattendedthesportmeeting.?25middleschoolattendedthesportmeeting.2.Usenumbersthattakenomorethantwowords.Thedoctorsandnursesworkedwithoutarelieffortwenty-twohours.Theclassroomcanholdtwohundredspectators.Focus:NumeralUsenumeralsinaddress,dates,times,exactsumsofmoney,percentagesanddecimals(小數(shù)),chaptersofabook,fractions(分?jǐn)?shù)).21DowningStreetFebruary1,20015p.m.300B.C.$5.80Chapter580%2/35.962.Usenumeralsinmeasurementsbeforeanabbreviationorsymbol.24’’50cc32°C3.Usenumeralsinratios(比例),scores,statistics,andidentificationnumbers.aratioof2to1Channel15Track6Theaverageoflifespannowadaysisaround70.4.Usenumeralsmorethantwowordslong.Thelargestcommercialbanktodaymayofferover200separatefinancialservices.Note:Whenonenumberimmediatelyprecedesanotherinasentence,spelloutthefirst,anduseanumeralforthesecond.two11-yearcycles數(shù)字用法：第（地）十(時）日，錢又分小張（章）了。測算比例，多數(shù)了兩張。Exercise：P15(I:2,3,4;II:1)4.WordDivisionDivideawordaccordingtoitssyllables.Thegeneralprinciple:Syllableisasingleunitofspeech,eitherawholewordoroneofthepartsintowhichawordcanbeseparated,usuallycontainingavowel.

Someotherprinciples:One-syllablewordslikethought,parkcannotbedivided;Dividehyphenatedwordsonlyatthehyphen:sister-in-law,well-known;Dividewordswithprefixesorsuffixesbetweentheprefixorsuffixandthebasepartoftheword,suchasdevelop-ment,un-like,careful-ness,ir-regular,4.Dividetwo-syllableswordswithdoubleconsonantsbetweenthetwoconsonants:set-ting,quar-rel,bet-ter.5.Dividecompoundwordsbetweenthetwobasewords,suchasland-lord.1.Donot

writeoneletterofawordattheendoratthebeginningofaline,evenifthatonelettermakesupasyllable,suchasa-wake,rain-y;2.Donot

putatwo-lettersyllableatthebeginningofaline,likecab-in;3.Donotdividewordsinawaythatmaymisleadthereader:re-ally;4.Donotdividethelastwordonapage;youmaywritethewholewordonthenextpage;5.Avoidseparatingpropernamesofpeopleorplaces,suchasChi-na;Don’ts小結(jié)：單音節(jié)詞不能分有連字符的詞可以在連字符處分開有前綴或后綴的詞，在它們與詞根處分開兩個連續(xù)輔音字母，在它們中間分開合成詞在兩個詞根中間分開Dividethefollowingwordsaccordingtogeneralrules:

alivesettingsister-in-lawhandypermissiongratitudesociablethoughtdictatorship

Dividethefollowingwordsaccordingtogeneralrules:

a/liveset/tingsister/-in-/lawhan/dyper/mis/siongrat/i/tudeso/cia/blethoughtdic/ta/tor/ship

5.Punctuation

請用，。？；或者！等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號將“下雨天留客天留我不留”分隔開，產(chǎn)生七種不同意思。下雨天留客，天留我不留。下雨天留客。天留我？不留。下雨天留客，天留我不？留。下雨天，留客；天留我不留！下雨天，留客天，留我？不留。下雨天，留客天；留我不？留。下雨天，留客天；留我不留？comma(,)

colon(:)

semicolon(;)

dash(—)

bracket([])Roadconstructioncanbeinconvenient,butitisnecessary.2.Setoffitemsinaseries.Onmyvacation,IvisitedGermany,Spain,Italy,France,andGreece.Focus:Comma(,)1.Setoffindependentclauses.3.Setoffintroductoryelements,prepositionalphrase,ordependentclause.Togetagoodgrade,youmustfinishallyourassignments.Afterthewedding,theguestsattendedthereception.4.Setoffnonessentialmaterial.nonrestrictivemodifiers(非限制性修飾語),includingadjective,prepositional,verbalandabsolutephrases,appositives(同位語).John’struck,aredVolkswagen,needsmoretires.Thetappingcameagain,louderandmoreinsistent.Anoldlady,noddingandsmiling,invitedusin.5.Useacommawithquotedwords.“Yes,”shepromised.Toddyreplied,saying,“Iwillbebackthisafternoon.”“TheSummerPalace,”hesaid,“islikeafairyland.”6.Useacommainaddresses,dates,longnumbers,andpersonaltitles.2,500,000Monday,October5,2001Heraddressis600WestEndAvenue,NewYork,NY10024.7.Useacommaafteratransitionalelement.Transitionalelements:however,therefore,nonetheless,also,otherwise,instead,ofcourse,aboveall,forexample,inotherwords,andthelike.Inconclusion,booksareimportanttomylife.8.Useacommatopreventmisreading.Bencarriedthebox;Tim,thesuitcase.Finishthepracticeonpage23.Focus:Colon(:)Introduceanexplanation,asummary,oranappositive.Amywenttothestoreforsomegroceries:milk,breadandcheese.Wehadtoruntothestore:thecarbrokedown.2.Introducequotations.Myfavoritequoteis:“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”Note:Useacoloninsteadofacommabeforeaquotationiftheidentifyingtagisacompletesentence.3.Separateatitlefromasubtitle,placeofpublicationfromnameofpublisher,thehourandminutes.FamilyInstallments:MemoriesofGrowingUpHispanicCambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress12:00p.m.Finishthepracticeonpage25.Focus:Semicolon(;)Semicolonareoftenusedtolinkindependentclausesthatarecloselyrelatedinthoughtoridea.Betweentwocoordinateclausesnotlinkedbyaconjunction(and,but,or,nor,for,so,yet).Nooneisbornwithknowledge;knowledgemustbetaughtandlearned.2.Beforeconjunctiveslikehowever,therefore,hence,besides,otherwise.Roadsarealwayscrowded;hencehepreferssubways.3.Useasemicolontomakealistofitemsthatareseparatedwithcommas.Severalfastfoodrestaurantscanbefoundwiththefollowingcities:London,England;Paris,France;Dublin,Ireland.4.Useasemicolontoconnectsentencesthatcontainsinternalpunctuations.Beforewegraduated,wehadexpectedtofindgoodjobs;butwhenwedidgraduate,wefounditwasnoteasytogetajobatall.

分號小結(jié)：分號連接兩個關(guān)系密切的句子。當(dāng)兩個或多個分句都是獨(dú)立的主句，而且它們之間沒有并列連詞（and,or,but,for等）連接時，用分號當(dāng)?shù)诙€分句以某些連接詞(however,therefore,hence,nevertheless等）開頭時，宜用分號當(dāng)要表達(dá)一系列，而且系列中本身又含有逗號時，宜用分號當(dāng)幾個句子本身含有標(biāo)點(diǎn)如逗號時，宜用分號隔開Finishthepracticeonpage26.Focus:Dash(—)Dashescallattentiontothematerialtheysetoff.Weoftenusedashestosetoffexplanations,qualifications,examples,definitions,andappositivesforemphasis.Setoffwordsfordramaticeffect.Thepardonfromthegovernorfinallyarrived—toolate.2.Introduceasummary.Threegirls—Amy,HelenandMary—enteredforthecompetition.3.Indicateaninterruptedspeech,aninterruptedthoughtorchangeoftone.“Myideais—”“Youwanttoquit,don’tyou?”“Ithink—no,Ithink—