2018年高考英語全國卷1

2018年高考英語全國卷Ⅰ

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的

答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題：每小題1．5分，滿分7．5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選

出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。

每段對話僅讀一遍。

例:Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.￡.E9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是C.

1.WhatwillJamesdotomorrow？

AWatchaTVprogramB.GiveatalkC.Writeareport

2.Whatcanwesayaboutthewoman?

A.she'sgenerousB,She’scuriousC.She’shelpful

3.Whendoesthetrainleave?

A,At6:30.B.At8:30C.At10:30

4.Howdoesthewomangotowork?

A.BycarB.OnfootC.Bybike

5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.ClassmatesB.TeacherandstudentCDoctorandpatient.

第二節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1．5分，滿分2．5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、

C

三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小

題5）

秒鐘：聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatdoesthewomanregret?

A.Givingupherresearch

B.Droppingoutofcollege

C.Changinghermajor

7.Whatisthewomaninterestedinstudyingnow?

A.EcologyB.EducationCChemistry

聽第7段材料，回答第8，9題。

8.Whatistheman?

A.AhotelmanagerBAtourguideC.Ataxidriver

9.Whatisthemandoingforthewoman?

A.Lookingforsomelocalfoods.

B.Showingheraroundtheseaside.

COfferinginformationaboutahotel

聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.InanofficeBAthomeC.Atarestaurant

11.Whatwillthespeakersdotomorrowevening

A.GotoaconcertB.VisitafriendC.Workextrahours

12.WhoisAlicegoingtocall?

A.MikeB.Joan.C.Catherine

聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.Whydoesthewomanmeettheman?

A.Tolookatanapartment

B.Todeliversomefurniture

C.Tohaveamealtogether

14.Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutthecarpet

A.Itscolor.B.ItsdesignC.Itsquality

5.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthekitchen?

A.it'sagoodsizeBit'snewlypaintedCit'sadequatelyequipped

16.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?

A.GodowntownB.Talkwithherfriend.C.Makepayment

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?

A.MoviefansB.NewsreportersC.Collegestudents

18.WhendidthespeakertakeEnglishclasses?

A.Beforehelefthishometown

B.AfterhecametoAmerica

C.Whenhewas15yearsold

19.Howdoesthespeakerfeelabouthisteacher?

AHe’sproud

B.He'ssympathetic

C.He'sgrateful

20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout

A.Howeducationshapedhislife.

B.Howhislanguageskillsimproved

C.Howhemanagedhisbusinesswell

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分4分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小2分，滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)

A

Washington,D.CBicycleTour

CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

Duration:3hours

Thissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytrees

withbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylesson

aboutthetreeandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbefore

availability-andcherryblossoms-disappear!

WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBieycleTour

Duration:3hours(4miles)

Joinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsin

WashingtonD.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyour

guidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,

cookiesandbottledwater.

CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C

Duration:3hours

MomingorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersand

localslookingtoexperienceWashington,d.c.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort

Knowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesabout

Presidents.Congress,memorials,andparks,Comfortablebikesandasmoothtour

route(k)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing

WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicyeleTour

Duration:3hours(7miles)

Joinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartof

Washington,D.C.Getupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesof

CapitolHilland

theNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersunique

factsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequipped

withreflectivevestsandsafetylights.

21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?

A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour

C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashingtonD.C

D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour

22.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?

AMeetfamouspeopleB．Gotoanationalpark

C.Visitwell-knownmuseumsDEnjoyinterestingstories

23.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?

ACitymapsBCamerasCMealsDSafetylights

B

GoodMorningBritainsSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaevery

morning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtoprepare

deliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget。

InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelp

ofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipes

forunderE5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshesbeen

abletoputalotofwhatsheslearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsfor

sons,Sam,14Finn.13andJack.11

“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexican

takeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains."Ipay￡5foraportion(一份)，butMattmakes

themfor

26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeaway

food.butsometimeswerenotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves

Theeight－partseries（系列節(jié)日）SaveMone；GoodFood，followsinthe

footstepsofITV’SSaveMoney.GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtoget

valuefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.

Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtime

witheachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedof

somedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamilyslongweekendof

clebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes

24.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?

A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests

B.hasstartedanewprogramme

C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemoming.

D,Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily

25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?

A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.

C.HeassistsherincookingmattersD.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.

26.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?

ASummarizethepreviousparagraphsB.Providesomeadviceforthereaders

C.AddsomebackgroundinformationD.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.

27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB.BalancingOurDailyDiet

CMakingYourselfaPerfeDCookingWellforLess

C.

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimes

therehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedby

hunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeech

independentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,when

theworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,900language

betweenthem.

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,and

theirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies.trade

industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversal

compulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfew

decades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchas

English,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languagesThedistributionoftheselanguage

hugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspoken

bymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europe

hasonlyaround200languages:theAmericasabout1,000Africa2,400;andAsiaandthe

Pacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.

Themediannumber（中位數(shù)）ofspeakersisamere6，00、whichmeansthathalfthe

world＇slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),

withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eight

remainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates

(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseems

tohavemuchchanceofsurvival.

28,Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?

A.TheydevelopedveryfastB.Theywerelargeinnumber

C.TheyhadsimilarpatternsD.Theywerecloselyconnected

29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2?

AComplexBAdvanced

C.PowerfulD.Modern

30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresen?

A.About6,800B.About3400

CAbout2.400D.About1200.

31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Newlanguageswillbecreated

BPeopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguages

C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages

D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution

D

Wemaythinkwereaculturethatgetsridofourwomtechnologyatthefirstsightof

somethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(裝

置)

wellaftertheygooutofstyle.that'sbadnewsfortheenvironment-andourwallets-as

these

outdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings

Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandher

colleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedthe

environmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife-fromwhenitsmineralsare

minedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhome

energyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration

Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-set.Tvsdefined1992,Digitalcameras

amivedonthescenein1997AndMP3players,smartphones.andLCDTvsentered

homesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.

Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidntthrowoutouronerliving-

roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedsuddenlyotyouhaveaTVineveryroomof

thehouse,"saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberelectronicdevicesrosefromfour

perhouseholdin1992to13in2007.Werenotjustkeepingtheseolddevices-we

continuetousethemAccordingtotheanalysisofbabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitors

andboxTvswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumption

andcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(k)morethandoublingduringthe1992to

2007window.

Sowhat＇sthesolution（解決方案）？Theteam＇sdataonlywentupto2007，

buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproducts

withnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforword

processingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingon

tabletsinsteadofTVSanddesktopcompuerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.

32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?

A.Theyareenvironment-friendB.Theyarenobetterthantheold

C.TheycostmoretouseathomeD.Theygooutofstylequickly.

33.WhydidBabbittsteamconducttheresearch?

A.Toreducethecostofminerals.

B,Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.

CToupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.

D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.

34.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?

A.Thebox-setTVB.ThetabletCTheLCDTVD.Thedesktopcomputer

35.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevice?

AStopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.C.UpgradethemD.Recyclethem

第二節(jié)（共5小題、每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為

多余選項(xiàng)。

Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign-somethingyou'lialwayshaveineveryroom,

Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingrooms

you'lllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthatsfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujust

lookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?36,coloristhekeyto

makingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.

Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesigners

approachthisimportantpoint.37,theycangetalittlecomplex.But

goodnewsisthatthererereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeabout

colorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones.andthelargeones.

38They’rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsand

basketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpainting

yourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingaeolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwith

themthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.

Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfumiturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesor

bookshelves39.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,and

theyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.

Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whether

you'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitare

significant．40

A.Whileallofthemareuseful

B.Whateveryou'relookingfor

CIfyou'reexperimentingwithacolor

D.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwith

E,it'snofreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpieces

F.Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttime

G.Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways

第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）

第一節(jié)（共20小題：每小題1．5分，滿分30分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入

空

白處的最佳選項(xiàng)

Duringmysecondyearatthecirycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartment

wasofferinga"free"course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I41the

ideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesntwantto42afewdollars?

Morethanthat,I'dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren’t43enough

aboutfreecredits.newsaboutour44wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasan

internationalgrandmaster,which45Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegames

46.Icouldhardlywaitto47him.

MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis

48wasnogameforhim；hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction.hemadeit49

thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned,Inorderto50theclass,amongothercriteria,

wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto51whatwewouldlearninclasstoour

futureprofessionsand,52toourJives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat53and

leamedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe54.

TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,i'mstillputtingtousewhathe55

me;“Theabsolutemostimportant56thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomake

good_57.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto_58asituation,processwhatyour

opponent(對手)isdoingand59thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions."These

wordsstillringtruetodayinmy60asajournalist.

41.A.putforwardB.jumpedatCtriedoutD．turneddown

42.A.wasteBeamC.saveDpay

43.A.excitedB.worriedCmovedD.tired

44.A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD．instructor

45.AurgedBdemandedCheldDmeant

46.A.fastestB.easiestCbestD．Rarest

47.AinterviewBameC.challengeD.beat

48.AchanceBqualificationConorD.iob

49.A.realBperfectC.clearD．possible

50.A.attendB.passC.skipD．observe

51,A.addB.exposeC.applyD．compare

52.A.eventuallyB.naturallC.directlyD．normally

53.A.gameB.presentationCcourseD．experiment

54.A.criterionB.classroomCdepartmentD.Situation

55.A.taughtBwroteCquestionedD．promised

56.A.factBstepCmannerD.skill

57.AgradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments

58.A.analvzeBdescribeC.rebuildD.control

59.A.annouceB.signalC.blockD．evaluate

60.AroleB.desireconcerD．behavior

第二節(jié)（共10小題：每小題1．5分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljoumal,runnerslivethreeyears_61

(long)thannon-runners.Youdonthavetorunfastorforlong____62__(see)thebenefit.

Youmaydrink,smoke.beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof__63___(die)earlyby

running.

Whilerunningregularlycantmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64is(be

moreeffectiveatle