全面提升階段其他211模擬試題五

PartI randVocabulary(30ChoosethewordorphrasethatcanbeusedtorecetheunderlinedpartineachEvenbeforethetrainhadcometoastop，themassiveonslaughtofbodiesengulfedUSfromallsides． C．strikingEventhoughheknewthathismotherhadbeenill，hedidnothavetheproprietytowriteher． Inflationhassurgedinrecentmonthsduetodouble-digiteinsensitivefoodpricesblamedonshortagesofporkandotherbasicgoods．sharprise C．dramaticdrop B．regularincrease Thetablesinthisdisyareonsalebecausetheyhaveafewimperfectionsinthe IndigenousAustraliansbelievethatreconciliationisnecessarybutthe should，mostimportantly，makeaformalapologyforwhattheydidinthepast． C．rapprochementHesatthereformanydaysinmeditation，openinghimselfuptothetruth TheMinistryofScienceandTechnologyalsosaidinJulythatanindependentwatch-dogwillbecreatedtoscrutinizetheuseofresearchfunds．criticizewithbias B．justifywithevidenceC．providewithassistance D．examinewithgreatcareThebasisofthisconsensusisabeliefthatimprovedrelationswiththeU．S．wouldserveIranianinterestsonavarietyoffronts，．includingIraq，Afghanistan，oilproduction，foreigninvestmentandIran’snuclearenergyprogram．a(chǎn)greementreachedbyagroupasaopinionacceptedbythemajorityC．viewheldbytheminorityD．ignoredbymostThepopeupsettwolargesectionsofTurkishsocietywithalectureonSeptember12thinwhichhequotedaByz emperorwhosuggestedthatIslamhadengendedrednothingbut C．causedCorrectionofthestudent’saberrantpronunciationisacontinual，on-goingprocess，notsomething forlessonsorexercisesinpronunciation． ChoosethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachMostof archaeologistsknowaboutprehistoricculturesisbasedonstudiesofmaterialremains． Thethreementriedmanytimestosneakacrosstheborderintotheneighboringbytheeachhadbeencaptured C．onlytobecaptured ycapturedTheschemewas whenitwasdiscovereditwouldbeverycostly．A．resigned Itisbadmannerto otherpeoplebehindtheirbacks．A．doup B．doby C．doaway D．doshewashespapertestobeused Hewasfiredbecauseof refusaltoorders．A．obstinate Theideaofabalanceddietisverydifficulttoput tosomeonewhoknowsnothingaboutfoodvalues． 19．Iwasstandingwaitingforabus， betweentwooldladiesandtheirbagsofshop． Itisveryinthatsuchalifeasthisisfarmore tohealththanthatofthemanwhocanaffordlittleleisurefornecessaryrestinthecourseoftheday． Roy，whowassupposedtoonadiet，keptmaking tripstothekitchentonibbleonthisandthat，wheneverhethoughtnoonewouldnotice． Since1813reactiontoJaneAusten’snovelshasoscillatedbetween condescension；butingenerallaterwritershaveesteemedherworksmorehighlythandidmostofherli rycontemporaries． C．disapproval Pricesreachequilibriumatthelevelatwhichtydemandedtyd．isequal C．equals D．isCanyoubelievethatIwonthephotocontestwith thatwouldhaveforgotten C．oughttohave D．musthaveInthenextfewweeksconsumerspendingwillincreaseby7％inAmerica，withlastyear,accordingtoaconsumersurveybyDeloitte，aconsultancy．A．comparing C．tocompareD．havingcomparedTheyreposedthelossandgaveallthe tothe InHongKong’shugeOceanTerminalshopcomplexPrudentialhasopenedashopalongside fashionbrandssuchasPradaandRalphLauren． “Commonlanguage”hereusuallymeansaforeignlanguage，butthesamepointappliesinprinciple anyencounterwithunfamiliardialectsorstyleswithinasinglelanguage． Newresearchraisesnewconcernsthatalteringcropstowithstandsuchthreatsmayposenewrisksfrom theweedsthemselves． B．other C．more D．noneotherPart PassageDiscussionoftheassimilationofPuertoRicansintheUnitedStateshasfocusedontwofactors：socialstandingandthelossofnationalculture．Ingeneral，excessivestressiscedononefactorortheother，dependingonwhetherfinecommentatorisNorthAmericanorPuertoRica．ManyAmericansocialscientists。suchasOscarHandlin，JosephFitzpatrick，andOscarLewis，considerPuertoRicansasthemostrecentinalonglineofethnicentrantstooccupythelowestrungonthesocialladder．Sucha“socio-demographic”approachtendstoregardassimilationasamodel．suchasthecritiquedevelopedinDividedSociety，attachtheissueofethnicassimilationtoomechanicallytofactorsofeconomicandsocialmobility，andarethusunabletoilluminatetheculturalsubordinationofPuertoRicansasacolonialminority．Incontrasts．the“Colonialist”approachofisland．basedwriterssuchasEduardoSeda-Bonilla，ManuelMaidonado-Denis．a(chǎn)ndLiusNieves．Falcontendstoviewassimilationasthe dlossofnationalcultureinanunequalcontestwithimposedforeignvalues．Thereis，ofcourse，astrongtraditionofculturemodationamongotherPuertoRicanthinkers．ThewritingsofEugenioFernandezMendezclearlyexemplifythistradition，andmanysupportersofPuertoRico’scommonwealthstatussharethesameuniversalizingorientation．ButthePuertoRicanin lectualswhohavewrittenmostabouttheassimilationprocessintheUnitedStatesalladvanceculturalnationalistviews，advocatingthepreservationofminorityculturaldistinctionsandrejectingwhattheyseeasthesubjugationofcolonialThisculturalandpoliticalemphasisisappropriate，butthecolonialistthinkersmisdirectit，overlookingtheclassrelationsatworkinbothPuertoRicanandNorthAmericanhistory．Theyposetheclashofnationalculturesasanabsolutepolarity，witheachcultureunderstoodasstaticandan-differentiated．YetboththePuertoRicanandNorthAmericantraditionshavebeensubjecttoconstantchallengefromculturalswithintheirownsocieties； sthatmaymovetowardeachotherinwaysthatcannotbewrittenoffasmere“assimilation”．Consider，forexample，theindigenousandAfro-CaribbeantraditionsinPuertoRican’cultureandhowtheyinfluenceandareinfluencedbyotherCaribbeanculturesandBlackculturesintheUnitedStates．TheelementsofCoercionandinequality，socentraltoculturalcontactaccordingtothecolonialistframework，ynoroleinthiskindbfconvergenceofraciallyandethnicallydifferentelementsofthesameclass．Theauthor’smainpurposeis criticizetheemphasisonsocialstandingindiscussionsoftheassimilationofPuertoRicansintheUnitedStatessupportthethesisthatassimilationhasnotbeenabenignprocessforPuerto modationispromoted EduardoTheauthorofDividedmanysupportersofPuertoRico’scommonwealth33．AwritersuchasEugenioFernandezMendezwouldmostlikelyagree itisnecessaryforthemembersofsuchgroupstoadapttothecultureofthethemembersofsuchgroupsgenerallyencounteraculturethatisstaticandsocialmobilityisthemostimportantfeatureoftheexperienceofmembersofsuchgroupssocialscientistsshouldemphasizetheculturalandpoliticalaspectsoftheexperienceofmembersofsuchgroupsThePuertoRicanwriterswhohavewrittenmostaboutassimilationdo regardassimilationasdescribeindetailtheprocessoftakeintoaccountthecolonialnatureofthePuertoRicancase35．The“colonialist”approachissoCalledbecauseitspractitioners haveastrongtraditionof PassageInthe1920s，thepioneersofartificialin ligence(AI)predictedthat。bytheendofthiscentury，computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework．Butasusefulascomputersare，theyarenowhereclosetoachievinganythingremo yresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior．Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation：themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject，themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid．AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong．Theproblem，thescientistssay，isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethe levelsofthought，likelanguageandmathematics，andtoduplicatethemwithlogical，step-by-stepprograms．AnewmovementinAI，ontheotherhand，takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithin ligence．Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalprograms．Ratherthandistalcomputersandtransistors，somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins．Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar，andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield．Imitatingthebrain’sneuralnetworkisahugestepintherightdirection．sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad，butitstillmissedanimportantaspectofnaturalin ligence．“Peopletendtotreatbrainasifitweremadeupofcolor．codedtransistors．”Heexins，“Butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches．Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves．”Specifically，Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrains’capabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell．Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyin ligentdevice，heclaims，wouldbetobuildaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills．Rightnow，thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeceinthebrainremainscontroversial．Butifitprovestrue，thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown．ThenewtrendinAIresearchstems theshiftoffocusofstudyontotherecognitionoftheshapesofthebeliefthathumanin ligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogical，step-by-stepprogramstheaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatethein ligenceofaten-month-oldtheeffortsmadebyscientistsinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweentransistorsandbraincellsConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormousefforts findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulbuildacomputerusingaclevernetworkoffindouthow ligencedevelopedinseparatethehighestand levelsofWhat’stheauthor’sopinionaboutthenewAIIthascrearedasensationamongartificialin ligenceresearchersbutwillsoondieout．It’sabreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtIt’smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificItmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfutureD．TheonlygametheywouldyinPassageMaryBarton，particularlyinitsearlychapters，isamovingresponsetosufferingoftheindustrialworkerintheEnglandofthe1840’s．Whatismostimpressiveaboutthebookistheintenseandpainstakingeffortmadebytheauthor，ElizabethGaskell，toconveytheexperienceofeverydaylifeinworking．classhomes．Hermethodispartly aryinnature：thenovelincludessuchfeaturesasacarefullyannotatedreproductionofdialect，theexactdetailsoffoodpricesinanaccountofateaparty．a(chǎn)nitemizeddescriptionofthefurnitureoftheBarton’slivingroom，andatranscription(againannotated)oftheballad“TheOldhamWeaver”．Theinterestofthisrecordisconsiderable，eventhoughthemethodhasaslightlydistancingAsamemberofthemiddleclass，Gaskellcouldhardlyhelpworking-classlifeasanoutsideobserverandareporter．a(chǎn)ndthereaderofthenovelisalwaysconsciousofthisfact．Butthereisgenuineimaginativere-creationinheraccountsofthewalkinGreenHeysFields，ofteaattheBarton’shouse，andofJohnBartonandhisfriend’sdiscoveryofthestarvingfamilyinthecellarinthechapter“PovertyandDeath”．Indeed。forasimilarlyconvincingre-creationofsuchfamilies’emotionsandresponses(whicharemorecrucialthanthematerialdetailsonwhichthemerereporterisapttoconcentrate)，theEnglishnovelhadtowait60yearsfortheearlywritingofD．H．Laurence．IfGaskellneverquiteconveysthesenseoffullparticipationthatwouldcompleyauthenticatethisaspectofMaryBarton，shestillbringstothesescenesanintuitiverecognitionoffeelingsthathasitsownsufficientThechapter“OldAlice’sHistory’’brilliantlydramatizesthesituationofthatearlygenerationofworkersbroughtfromthevillagesandthecountrysidetotheurbanindustrialcenters．TheaccountofJobLegh,theweaverandnaturalistwhoisdevotedtothestudyofbiology，vividlyembodiesonekindofresponsetoanurbanindustrialenvironment：anaffinityforlivingthingsthathardens，byitsverycontrastwithitschapterseloquentlyportraythedevelop-mentoftheinstinctivecooperationwitheachotherthatwasalready inganimportanttraditionamongworkers．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowarduseofthemethod aryrecordinMaryUncriticalenthusiasmC．QualifiedapprovalD．MildirritationAccordingtothepassage，MaryBartonandtheearlynovelsofD．H．Lawrencesharewhichofthefollowing?Depictionofthefeelingsofworking-classaryobjectivityaboutworking-classcircumstancesC．Richlydetaileddescriptionofworking-classadjustmenttourbanlifeD．Imaginativelystructuredplotsaboutworking-classcharactersItcanbeinferredfromexamplesgiveninthelastparagraphofthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingwaspartof“thenewandcrushingexperienceofindustrialism’’formanymembersoftheEnglishworkingclassinthenineteenthcentury?A．ExtortionatefoodpricesB．GeographicaldiscementC．HazardousworkingconditionsItcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagebelievesthatMaryBartonmighthavebeenanevenbetternovelifGaskellhad concentratedontheemotionsofasingle PassageReadthepassagebelowandthendotheexercisesthatIfaMeccaexistsfortoday’syouth．itmusttaketheformofarockconcert．Suchacolossaleventdrawspeoplefromsurprisinglydistantcesandfromoddlydiverginglifestyles．Thesophisticatedcollegestudentmaybeseatednexttothewide-eyedjuniorhighcheerleader，thelattershowingfrightattheapproachofawild-eyedfreak．Howdothese patiblecharactertypesfindamutualappealinrockconcert?Whatinducesyoungpeopletoexchangethefewdollarsearnedthroughbabysittingorcarwashingforaconcertticket?Tomany,theanswerisimmedia yobvious—themusicisthesourceofappealataconcert．Thequalityofthesoundproduced，however，frequentlycastsdoubtonthisexnation．Unquestionably，rockconcertsareloud；thedecibellevelofsomereportedlyexceedsthatattainedbyajetneontakeoff．Inaddition，thisauralassaultisoftenintensifiedbyanout-of-tuneguitar,bythefalteringvoiceoftheperformer，orbythebadacousticintheconcerthall．Rockgroupsgenerallycorrecttheseproblemsinastudio；theirrecordingsmayevenboastpleasingharmonieswith ligiblelyrics．Sowhydowebattlecrowdstosecurechoiceseatingataconcert?Aconcertcreatesamagical，otherworldlyatmosphere，reminiscentofachildhoodnever-neverland．Aneeriedarknessshroudsthehall，andthen，justasinourfavoritefairytale．thesupernaturalbeing(otherwiseidentifiedbythevulgarterm，“rockstar")appearsinaburstoflight．Inanothercontexthewouldhavebeenknownasa“godoutofthemachine．”Bizarrelightingschemesandgimmickssuchasmockhangingsorfire—breathingcontributetotheatmosphereofother-worldlinessinsomeacts．Thefansarepermittedonlyaglimpseofthestarbeforehevanishesoncemoreinthedarkness，onlytomaterializethefollowingeveninginaconcerthallhundredsofaway．The estherockstar’sonlynaturalrockconcertsandrockstars?Whatalternativeexnationdoestheauthorgiveinthepassage?(4points)48．Howdoestheauthorachievethetransitionfromoneparagraphtoanother?(2Part Writing(30Newspaperreportsandjob-relatedsurveysfrequentlyshowthattoday’syouth’smajorobjectiveistobefinanciallywelloff．Whilethishasnothingwrong，develoameaningfulphilosophyoflifeisveryimportant．Basedonthisidea，writeanessayonthefollowingtopic：QualityofLifeIsMuchMoreThanaRemembertoindicateyourpositionclearly，supportyourselfwithsound,reasonsandsufficientevidence，andbringittoanaturalsolution．Alogicalorganizationbenefitsyouressayineverypossibleway．Youressayshouldcontainabout400words．WriteyouressayontheAnswerSheet．PartI rand2．A句意：他雖然知道他的母親生病了，可他連給她寫(xiě)信的修養(yǎng)都沒(méi)有。propriety適當(dāng)，得體，禮貌。decency合乎禮節(jié)，禮貌；體面；(言語(yǔ)、動(dòng)作的)優(yōu)雅。posterity后代，后裔，子孫。apathy冷漠，冷淡。eulogy頌詞，悼詞。C和DB6．Dmeditation沉思，冥想。contemtion沉思。solace安慰。boredom無(wú)聊7．D細(xì)查，。A，帶偏見(jiàn)地批評(píng)。B，用澄清，證明。C，給與幫助。D，仔9．Cengender造成。cause造成。resist抵抗，反抗。withhold拒給，保留。endure10．Daberrant異常的。nonstandard不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，(語(yǔ)言)不規(guī)范的。habitual習(xí)慣的，慣常的。familiar熟悉的。conventional慣例的，傳統(tǒng)的。12．Conlyto意思是“不料竟會(huì)?”，表示意想不到的結(jié)果(通常不是好的結(jié)果)，在13．D四個(gè)詞都有“放棄”之意。abandon指遺棄不想要的事物。resign常用于辭去職務(wù)，surrender用于投降，。release表示豁免，釋放，解放。D項(xiàng)最符合題15．C當(dāng)陳述部分是noone／nobody，everyone／everybody，someone／he，不用she。貧乏的，貧困的。selfish自私的。插入。bewedgedbetweentwo s擠在?之問(wèn)。mingle使混合；minglewithsomething混合，結(jié)合。prime預(yù)先準(zhǔn)備好。stuff填塞，填滿；stuffwithsth．用?塞要健康得多。conducive有益的，常用搭配為conduciveto有益于?的。conductive傳導(dǎo)性的。constructive建設(shè)性的。conciliate調(diào)解。21．Brespite休息(時(shí)間)，暫時(shí)的緩解或輕松。surreptitious偷偷的，暗中進(jìn)行的。secret的，的。merry歡樂(lè)的，愉快的。免職，解雇。disapproval不贊成。indifference不關(guān)心。 “與?對(duì)等”可用兩種方式表達(dá)：beequaltoequal。equal作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，24．Cconglomerate混合體，聚合體，結(jié)合。theconglomerateofthetwopictures兩美學(xué)贏得了攝影比賽大獎(jiǎng)!雖然實(shí)際上我只會(huì)把那兩幅隨便找個(gè)有釘子的地方掛起來(lái)而已”。autonomy自治，自主權(quán)。cynicism憤世嫉俗。dexterity靈巧，敏捷，聰25．Dmusthavedone表示估計(jì)，且是估計(jì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事情。should／oughttohavedonewouldhavedone表示將要做而沒(méi)做的，多27．D句意：他們向報(bào)告了損失，并提供了所有必要細(xì)節(jié)。particular細(xì)節(jié)，事項(xiàng)。happening，意外發(fā)生之事。qualification資格，條件。characteristic特性，Passage32．D第二段二、三句“Thereis，ofcourse，astrongtraditionofculturemodationamongotherPuertoRicanthinkers．?andmanysupportersofRico’scommonwealthstatussharethesameuniversalizingorientation”“在其他波多33．A第二段中明確“ThewritingsofEugenioFernandezMendezclearlyexemplifythistradition．”“EugenioFernandezMende在他的文章中明確為這一傳統(tǒng)提供了例證?！币虼?，EugenioFernandezMende支持culture modation即“文化文化”。因此，A項(xiàng)正確。族文化特點(diǎn)而且這樣一種殖家的征服行為。因此，可以推出他們并不認(rèn)為同化會(huì)產(chǎn)生有利的影響，即A為答案。35．D本題可以采用排除法，A、B項(xiàng)為支持“文化融合”的人的觀點(diǎn)，從“thecolonialistthinkersmisdirectit，overlookingtheclassrelationsatworkinbothPuertoRicanandNorthAmericanhistory”可以看到是“overlook”“忽略”，而不是C也被排除。答案為D“認(rèn)為波多黎各和的政治關(guān)系是影響波多黎各人經(jīng)歷的重要Passage36．D第一段，作者談到，在1920s，有人預(yù)測(cè)本世紀(jì)末computerswouldbeconversingwithus“電腦將能夠與人類交談”，隨后作者，雖然電腦十分有用，但theyarenowhereclosetoachievinganything yresemblingthese究人員的見(jiàn)解——theproblemisAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest，mostlevelsofthoughtandtoduplicatethemwithlogical，step—by—stepprograms種邏輯的程式出來(lái)”，因此無(wú)法獲得成功；而人工智能研究的一項(xiàng)新舉動(dòng)是認(rèn)識(shí)到這一問(wèn)題后，轉(zhuǎn)而從自然角度對(duì)其進(jìn)行研究，選項(xiàng)B符合文意。38．C第二段談到，AIresearcherstakesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithin 三段Conradimitatingthebrain’sneuralnetworkisahugestepintheright角度研發(fā)人工智能，選項(xiàng)C正確。39．D結(jié)尾段落，作者暗示了自己對(duì)人工智能研究新舉動(dòng)的態(tài)度，如果傳統(tǒng)電腦不能實(shí)現(xiàn)，那么theeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown“Conrad及其伙伴的研究將會(huì)成為鎮(zhèn)上唯一的者”，言外之不能確定，選項(xiàng)D符合文意。40．A該段“如果傳統(tǒng)電腦技術(shù)不能制造出人工智能，那么Conrad及其伙伴的研theonlygameintown”，根據(jù)上下文可推斷，該短語(yǔ)在句中指“沒(méi)有別的選擇了，它是唯一制造人工智能的方法、途徑”，選項(xiàng)A正確。Passage 由第一段結(jié)尾themethodhasaslightlydistancingeffect可知，作者對(duì)Gaskell 由第二段中間asimilarlyconvincingre-creationoffamilies’emotionsandresponses，theEnglishnovel?writingofD．H．Laurence可知，在描寫(xiě)家庭情感上，Gaskell和Laurence有相似之處。43．Baffinityforlivingthings，walkingoutinspringintoFields，PassageTodevelopthep