2023學(xué)年完整公開課版Unit2Englisharoundtheworld市賽一等獎(jiǎng)

PoliteFormsinEnglishTherearemanydifferentwaysofaskingpeopletodothings.Youcanorderpeople:"Standup!""Gotobed!"Theseareallrightinmilitarysituations,butordersorcommandslikethesearenotusuallyverypoliteinordinaryconversation?Ineverydayconversation,yourequestpeopletodothings,not"order"them:"Standup,please.""Sitdown,please.""Gotobed,please."Andtobemorepolite,youaskpeopleiftheywilldothings:"Willyoubringmeacupofcoffee,please?""Wouldyousitdown,please?"?Ingeneral,directcommandsorrequestsarenotaspoliteaslessdirectones.Adirectorderorrequestis"harsh,"andyoucan"soften"itwith"Please...""Willyou...?"or"Wouldyou...?"Inotherwords,youcansoftenitbymakingitlessdirect.Themoreyousoftenarequest,themorepoliteitbecomes.Compare"Bequiet!"and"Wouldyoupleasebequietforjustafewminutes?"Actually,theexpression"bequiet"isalittlebitharshinmeaning,andyoucansoftenitbyusing"quietdown,""loweryourvoice,"or"...nottalkforafewminutes."Inlearningalanguage,itisimportanttofindouthowspeakersofthatlanguageshowpoliteness.InEnglish,peopleshowpoliteness(orrudeness)bytheuseofthreeimportantfeatures:(1)sentencestructure("Willyou...,please?""Wouldyoumind...?");(2)choiceofwords("bequiet"or"quietdown"insteadoftherudeform"shutup");and(3)intonationofthevoice(ingeneral,finalriseforpoliteness,insteadoffinalfall).Inalllanguagestherearedifferentlevelsofformalityandinformalityintalkingtootherpeople.Thelanguageandspeechformsyouuseintalkingtofamilymembersandfriendsarenotthesameasthoseyouuseintalkingtostrangers.Theleveloflanguageyouuseintalkingtostrangersismoreformalandusuallycontainsmore"polite"forms.IntalkingwithstrangersinEnglish,peoplesometimesuseextra-polite(extremelypolite)formstoshowspecialcourtesy.Inthedialoginthislesson,forexample,RoseDoylesays,"Wouldyoubegoodenoughtoturntheradiodownabit?"(Insteadof"Turntheradiodown,please.")Ifyouusedthisextra-politeformwithamemberofyourfamilyorwithaclosefriend,itwouldseemverypeculiar!However,whenyouuseanextra-politeexpressionlike"Wouldyoubegoodenough..."or"Wouldyoubesokindasto..."withastranger,youaretryingtobeverypoliteandcourteous.Inthisdialogsituation,theradiobelongedtothetaxidriver,ofcourse,andnottoRose.Sinceitwasnothercarorherradio,sheneededto"soften"herrequesttomakeitaspoliteandcourteousasshecould.Anotherextra-politeexpressionthatRoseDoyleusedwiththetaxidriverwas,"Youmightliketoturnleftatthenextcorner."Thiswasasuggestion("youmightliketo..."),notadirectrequest.Asuggestionorawishistheleastdirecttypeofrequestand,therefore,"extra"polite.ThedialogbetweenRoseandthetaxidriverisinterestingbecauseyoucanseetheuseoftwodifferentlevelsoflanguage.Atthebeginning,bothRoseandthetaxidriverareextremelypoliteandcourteouswitheachother.Later,however,Rosechangestoadifferentlevel--andthedriverchangeslevelstoo.Rosebecomeslesscourteousandlesspolite,becausethedriver'srecklessdrivingmakesherangry.ROSEDOYLE:Wouldyoubegoodenoughtoturntheradiodownabit?It'salittlebitloud.DRIVER:Oh,ofcourse!ROSEDOYLE:Youmightliketoturnleftatthenextcorner.TherailroadstationisonCanalStreet,youknow.DRIVER:Oh,yes,that'sright.Thankyou,miss.ROSEDOYLE:Wouldyoubesokindastorollyourwindowupalittle?Thewind'sjustalittlebitchilly.DRIVER:Oh,I'msorry!I'llcloseit.ROSEDOYLE:Turnhere...Turnleft.Turn!Notright,left!Turnleft!Whydidn'tyouturnleft?DRIVER:Iwasinthewronglane.ROSEDOYLE:Youwereintheleftlane...Wouldyoutakethenextleft?Please!DRIVER:Sure.ROSEDOYLE:Thelight'sred.DRIVER:What?RoseDoyle:It'saredlight!Stop!You'regoingthrougharedlight!Whydidn'tyoustop?Youwentrightthrougharedlight!DRIVER:Ididn'tseeit,lady!ROSEDOYLE:Takealeftatthenextcorner!Whatareyouspeedingupfor?DRIVER:I'mgoingtopassthistruck...!ROSEDOYLE:Youcan'tpasshim!There'snotenoughroom!Getback!Lookout!Acar'scoming!Oh!Thatwasclose!英語(yǔ)里客氣的說(shuō)法

要?jiǎng)e人做事有許多不同的方法。你可以命令別人：「站起來(lái)！」「去睡覺(jué)！」這些在軍事情況是可以的，但是像這樣的命令或指揮在一般的會(huì)話中通常不是很有禮貌的。在日常會(huì)話中，你是請(qǐng)求別人做事，而不是「命令」他們：「請(qǐng)站起來(lái)」、「請(qǐng)坐下」、「請(qǐng)去睡覺(jué)」。為了更有禮貌，你問(wèn)別人是否愿意做某些事：「請(qǐng)你拿一杯咖啡給我，好嗎？」「請(qǐng)你坐下，好嗎？」一般說(shuō)來(lái)，直接的指揮或請(qǐng)求沒(méi)有比較間接的指揮或請(qǐng)求那樣客氣。直接的命令或請(qǐng)求是「刺耳的」，你可以用"Please...""Willyou...?"或"Wouldyou.."使語(yǔ)氣「柔婉」。換句話說(shuō)，你可以使它變?yōu)檩^不直接，而使

所有的語(yǔ)言，在與別人談話時(shí)有正式與非正式的不同層次。你和家人、朋友談話時(shí)所用的語(yǔ)言與說(shuō)話形式，不同于你和陌生人談話時(shí)所使用的。你和陌生人談話時(shí)所使用的語(yǔ)言層次較正式，而且通常包含比較「有禮貌」的形式。用英語(yǔ)和陌生人談話時(shí)，人們有時(shí)用超乎禮貌的(極度有禮貌的)形式來(lái)表示特別的客氣。例如本課的對(duì)話，羅絲·道爾說(shuō)：「請(qǐng)你把收音機(jī)的聲音關(guān)小一點(diǎn)好嗎？」(而不是說(shuō)「請(qǐng)把收音機(jī)的聲音關(guān)小?！?假如你對(duì)你的家人或知己的朋友使用這種超乎禮貌的方式，那似乎很奇特！然而，當(dāng)你對(duì)陌生人使用超乎禮貌的措辭像"Wouldyoubegoodenough..."(請(qǐng)你--好嗎？)或"Wouldyoubesokindasto..."(請(qǐng)你--好嗎？)你就是想表示很有禮貌和客氣。在這個(gè)對(duì)話的情況中，收音機(jī)當(dāng)然屬于出租車司機(jī)，而不是屬于羅絲。既然那不是她的車子或她的收音機(jī)，她就需要使請(qǐng)求語(yǔ)氣柔婉，以便盡可能使它有禮貌與客氣。羅絲對(duì)出租車司機(jī)所用的另一個(gè)超乎禮貌的措辭是「你或許愿意在下個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)角處左轉(zhuǎn)」。這是提議(「你或許愿意--」)，而不是直接的請(qǐng)求。提議或愿望是最不直接的請(qǐng)求類型，所以是「超乎」禮貌的。羅絲和出租車司機(jī)之間的對(duì)話很有趣，因?yàn)槟憧梢钥吹绞褂脙煞N不同層次的語(yǔ)言。起初，羅絲和出租車司機(jī)兩人彼此非常有禮貌和客氣。然而，后來(lái)羅絲轉(zhuǎn)變到不同的層次--司機(jī)也轉(zhuǎn)變層次。羅絲變?yōu)檩^不客氣和較不禮貌，因?yàn)樗緳C(jī)魯莽的開車使她生氣。

羅絲·道爾：請(qǐng)你把收音機(jī)的聲音關(guān)小一點(diǎn)好嗎？有點(diǎn)兒太大了。

司機(jī)：哦，當(dāng)然！

羅絲·道爾：你或許愿意在下一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)角處左轉(zhuǎn)?；疖囌驹诳▋?nèi)爾街，你是知道的。

司機(jī)：哦，是的，不錯(cuò)。謝謝你，小姐。

羅絲·道爾：請(qǐng)你把窗子搖上來(lái)一點(diǎn)好嗎？車?yán)镉幸稽c(diǎn)冷。

司機(jī)：哦，對(duì)不起！我把它關(guān)起來(lái)。

羅絲·道爾：這里轉(zhuǎn)彎…左轉(zhuǎn)。轉(zhuǎn)啊！不是