美國禮節(jié)概況

Etiquette（禮節(jié)）TheUnitedStatesisamulti-ethniccountryforimmigration,after200

yearsofvariousnationalities,harmonyandinclusiveincustoms

andcourtesy[‘k?:tisi]禮貌,ithasformedaEuropeanimmigrantstraditionprimarily

characteristics.content01020304marriageFuneral(葬禮）commommannersindailylife

taboos（禁忌）Marriagehasbeenplayinganimportantroleinone'slifesinceancienttimes.Itbuildsthelinkbetweentwoindividuals,usuallytwopersonsoftheoppositesex.Asahighlyindependentandmulti-culturalcountry,Americahasitsuniqesituationonthisissue.Solet'shaveabrieflookatit.marriage文本內(nèi)容A)theconceptofmarriage

InAmerica,marriageisalegalcontractaswellasasexualrelationship,anditalsomeanscommitmentbetweenthecouple.

First,marriageisalegalcontract.Thedutiesandrewardsarespecifiedbythegovernment,notbythepartieswhoenterintothecontract,thehusbandandthewife.Thismeansthattheparticulararrangementsacouplemakesarelegallyinvalidiftheyconflictwiththedutiesandprivilegesspecifiedbypublicpolicy.

文本內(nèi)容

Second,marriageisasexualrelationship.ThemarriagelawintheUnitedStatesrequiresthatacouplemusthavesexwithoneanother.Ifamarriageisnotsexuallyconsummated,itcanbeannulled.SowecanseesexistightlyboundtomarriageintheUnitedStates.

Andalso,marriagemeanscommitment.Firstofall,bothsidesofmarriagemustbeloyaltoeachother,thatistosay,marriedpeopleshouldhavesexualrelationonlywitheachother.Then,it'spermanence,whichmeansmarriedpeopleshouldmaintaintheirrelationshipforalongperiodoftime.Andnext,thereshouldbelovebetweenthecouple.B)changingviewsonmarriage

However,recentsurveysseemtoindicatethatAmerican'sviewsonmarriagearechanging.

Moreandmorepeopledon'tthinkitnecessarytogetmarried,ofwhomsomethinktohaveafamilydon'tnecessarilyneedtogetmarriedfirst,whileothersseemtomoreenjoysinglelife.

Someevenholdtheopinionthatmarriageisoutofdateintoday'ssociety.

AlloftheseseemstosuggestthatinstitutionofmarriageinAmerica,whilestillhighlycherishedbythemajorityofthepeople,hassomehowlostitsappealtoasignificantnumberofpeople.

Therearemanyreasonstoaccountforsuchalossofappeal.

Itiscommonlybelievedthat,forAmericanwomen,theirviewsonmarriagehavechangedsignificantlyasaresultofthewomen'sliberationmovementofthe1960s.Moreandmorewomenarenowdemandinggreaterequality,thusaffectingtheirviewonmarriage.Formen,changedandchangingviewsonmasculinityhaveaffectedthewaytheylookattheinstitutionofmarriageaswell.Inthewest,theweddinghighlights4featuresnewborrowedoldbluemourningfortheimmediatefamilyisconsideredtobethetimebetweenthedeathandtheendofthefuneral.Duringthistime,thecloserelativesshouldnotattendanysocialengagements,includingpartiesorweddings.Deathandmouring

Darkclothingshouldbewornwhenattendingamemorialserviceorfuneral.

Light-heartedtalkisnotinappropriate,butjovialityisimpolite.

Attendanceataviewing,funeral,memorialservice,orwakeistheusualmethodofexpressinggriefforoneselfandtothecloserelativesofthedeceased.Inaddition,lettersofcondolenceshouldbesenttothenearestfamilymember(s),andabrief,prearrangedvisittothefamilyintheweeksfollowingareappropriate.·Familymembersmayrequestthatnoflowersbesent,orthatmemorialdonationsmaybemadetoacertaincharityinlieuthereof.Asthebereavedisnotmakingtherequesthimself,thisisnotconsideredinappropriate,asitwouldbewithanyothergift-givingsituation.Anothercommonandappropriaterecognitionofmourningtothebereaved'simmediatefamilyisfoodbroughtbyneighborsormoredistantrelatives.·Duringtheweeksfollowingadeath,familymembersmustsendthankyoulettersinreplytocondolenceletters,giftsofflowers,food,ordonations.·SendingflowerstoJewishfamiliesinmourningmaybetakenasaninappropriategesture;fruitistraditional.Americanpeoplehavemanymannersintheirdailylife,thoughnotprescribedinwords.Whenpeoplefromothernationsgetalongwiththem,theymustlearnthesemannerstoavoidembarrassmentinthedailylife.Inthefollowing,therearesometipsyoushouldknow.CommonMannersinDailyLife日常生活禮節(jié)MeetingSomeone

Whenmeetingsomeoneforthefirsttime,itiscustomarytoshakehands,bothformenandforwomen.Hugsareonlyexchangedbetweenclosefriends.Kissingisnotcommon,andmenneverkissothermen.

Americanswillusuallyintroducethemselvesbytheirfirstnameandlastname,suchas“Hello,I’mJohnSmith”,or,ifthesettingisverycasual,bytheirfirstnameonly,“Hi,I’mJohn”.Thecommonresponsewhensomeoneisintroducedtoyouis“Pleasedtomeetyou.”Americansnormallyaddresseveryonetheymeetinasocialorbusinesssettingbytheirfirstname.EatingOut

AllrestaurantsinAmericaacceptcashforpayment,andmost,evensomefastfoodrestaurants,alsoacceptcreditcards.AfewrestaurantsalsoacceptATMcardsforpayment.Youwillrarelyfindarestaurantthatacceptschecks.

Itiscommontohavetowaitforatable

atapopularrestaurant.Attheserestaurants,thewaitingcanbeverylongonaweekendnight,sometimesuptoonehour.

ManyrestaurantsinAmerica,exceptforfastfoodrestaurants,havealicensetoservealcohol.Beerandwinearealwaysavailable.Restaurantsthatservehardliquoraresaidtohave“afullbar”.ThedrinkingageinAmericais21.

Tipping（小費）Thereareonlyafewsituationswheretippingisexpected.Americanrestaurantsdonotaddaservicechargetothebill.Thereforeitisexpectedthatthecustomerwillleaveatipfortheserver.Commonpracticeistoleaveatipthatisequalto15%ofthetotalbillforacceptableservice,andabout20%forsuperiorservice.Iftheservicewasunusuallypoor,thenyoucouldleaveasmallertip,about10%.

Otherprofessionsinwhichtippingisexpectedincludehairdressers,taxidrivers,hotelporters,parkingvaletsandbartenders.Thegeneralruleistotipapproximately15%ofthebill.Insituationswherethereisnobill,aswithhotelportersandparkingvalets,thetipmayrangefrom$1to$5,dependingonthetypeofestablishmentandonhowgoodtheservicewas.SmokingSmokingisnotascommoninAmericanasinmanyothercountries.Generally,AmericanssmokelessthanEuropeansandmuchlessthanAsians.Itisapracticethatisbecominglessandlesssociallyacceptable.

Smokingisprohibitedinmanyplaces.Itisnotallowedinanypublicbuilding,onanypublictransportation,includingairplaneflightswithintheUnitedStates,inshops,movietheaters,schoolsandofficebuildings.

Thegeneralruleisifyouareindoors,thenyouprobablyarenotallowedtosmoke.

Theexceptionsarebars,nightclubsandsomerestaurants.Ifyouarewithsomeone,evenoutdoors,itispolitetoaskiftheymindbeforeyoustartsmoking.

ThelegalsmokingageinAmericais18.IfyouarebuyingcigarettesoranothertobaccoproductlikeCigar,andyoulookyoung,thestoreclerkisrequiredbylawtoaskyouforproofoflegalage.Youshouldbepreparedtoprovideidentification.Itispolitetoannounceyourpresencewhenarrivingataninformaloccasion,suchasabackyardbarbecue,orifdroppingbyunexpectedly,althoughthelatterisafauxpasunlessthehosthaspreviouslyindicatedthatsuchvisitsarewelcome.Whenvisitingsomeone'shomeitisnotnecessarybutpermissibletobringagift,suchassweets,atoyforthechildren,abeveragetobeshared,flowers,etc.However,ifonehasbeenreceivedmultipletimesinanother'shome,heshouldreciprocatebyinvitingthehoststohishome,arestaurant,oranotherappropriateplace.

ReceivingguestsIntheUnitedStates,therearealsosometabooswhencontactingpeople,ifyoudonotknowthesetaboosanddosomethingnotsuitable,bothofthepartiesmightfeelembarrassed.ThuslearningthetaboosintheAmericansocietyisveryimportanttaboos禁忌Meetingpeoplewhenmeetingpeople,peopleshouldremembertobecheerful,andbehappyinsocialintercourse.Itissaidthatinsomenationspeopleneglectsocialrules,justlikeAmericans.Peoplewhomeetforthefirsttimecanshakehandswitheachother,butnotnecessarilysendgift.Theycangiveeachotherasmile,orsay"hi"or"hello"topayrespect.Whenpeopleshakehands,theyshouldlookateachotherdirectlyandbendtheirbodiessquarely.Iftheydoso,thentheyareconsideredascourteous.Onthecontrary,iftheylookatotherdirectionswhileshakinghands,itwouldberegardedasanarrogantexpression.shakehandsYes,ageisaverysensitivesubjecttomanyAmericans,especiallytowomenoverage30.Inthisyouthupheldculture,thethoughtofgrowingolderisapainfuloneandmostofus,ifpossible,wouldliketohavenothingtodowithit.SomanyAmericansworkhardtomaintainayouthfulappearance.Thelastthingtheywanttobeaskedistheunthinkable,"Howoldareyouexactly?"

對許多美國人來說，年齡是個非常敏感旳問題，尤其是對年過30旳女人來說更是如此。在這個崇尚年輕文化中，想到變老是很痛苦旳。我們大多數(shù)人，假如有可能旳話，都不想沾它旳邊兒。所以，許多美國人竭力想維持外貌旳年輕，他們最不愿別人問及旳問題就是：“你究竟有多大年齡了？”ageThisisoneofthetouchiestsubjects.InAmerica,itisokay,evendesirable,tobethinbutitisasinandahugeembarrassmenttobeoverweight.Infact,thethinneryouare,theprettieryouareconsidered.LookingthroughanyAmericanfashionmagazines,you'llnoticethatmostmodelsarenothingmorethanskinandbones.Believeitornot,thetallandthinlookwasthehottestlookofthe1990s.

體重。這是最敏感旳話題之一。在美國，長得瘦是不錯，甚至?xí)屓肆w慕，但超重就讓人極為難堪，是種罪過。實際上，你越瘦，別人會以為你越漂亮。隨便翻翻美國哪本潮流雜志，你會發(fā)覺大多數(shù)模特都是皮包骨頭。不論你信不信，細高旳身材可是20世紀90年代最酷旳。weightIncome

Youshouldneveraskhowmuchsomeone'ssal