中考英語閱讀理解題型講解和練習

中考英語閱讀理解題型講解與練習（一）閱讀理解題的命題特點閱讀理解能力的培養(yǎng)是中學英語學習的一項重要任務，也是中考的一項重要內容。中考閱讀理解題主要考查學生的語篇閱讀能力、分析和判斷能力。要求學生能較快地通過閱讀理解短文大意，獲取其中的主要信息，能做出正確判斷，然后根據試題的要求從A，B，C，D四個選項中選出最佳答案或做出正誤判斷。文章的難易程度和初三課文基本相同，要求閱讀速度為每分鐘40-50個詞。中考閱讀理解的閱讀材料的選取一般遵循三個原則：.閱讀文章不少于三篇，閱讀量在1，000單詞左右；.題材廣泛，包括科普，社會，文化，政治，經濟等；.體裁多樣，包括記敘文，說明文，應用文等。中考閱讀理解考查的主要內容是：.考查掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意的能力。此類考查主旨和大意的題大多數針對段落（或短文）的主題，主題思想，標題或目的，其主要提問方式是：（1）Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?（2）Whichofthefollowingisthispassageabout?（3）Inthispassagethewritertriestotellusthat.（4）Thepassagetellsusthat.（5）Thispassagemainlytalksabout..考查把握文章的事實和細節(jié)的能力。此類考查事實和細節(jié)的題目大多數是針對文章的細節(jié)設計的，其主要提問方式是：（1）Whichofthefollowingisright?（2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?（3）WhichofthefollowingisNotTrueinthepassage?（4）Choosetherightorderofthispassage.（5）Fromthispassageweknow..考查根據上下文猜測生詞的含義的能力。此類猜測詞義的題目要求考生根據上下文確定某一特定的詞或短語的準確含義。其主要提問方式是：（1）Theword“XXX”inthepassageprobablymeans.（2）Theunderlinedword“It”inthepassagerefersto.（3）Inthisstorytheunderlinedword“XXX”means.（4）Here“it”means..考查對閱讀材料全篇的邏輯關系的理解，對文章各段，各句之間的邏輯關系的理解能力。此類題目主要考查的是句與句之間，短語之間的邏輯關系，其主要提問方式是：（1）Manyvisitorscometothewriter,scityto.（2）SomeshopscanbebuiltDonfengSquaresothattheymay.（3）Airpollutionisthemostseriouskindofpollutionbecause.（4）WhydidthewritergetoffthetraintwostopsbeforeViennastation?.考查依據短文內容和考生應有的常識進行推理和判斷的能力。此類題目文章中沒有明確的答案，需要考生在理解全文的基礎上進行推理和判斷。其主要提問方式是：（1）Wecanguessthewriterofthelettermaybea.（2）Wecaninferfromthetextthat.（3）Fromtheletterswe,velearnedthatit,sverytoknowsomethingaboutAmericansocialcustoms.（4）Fromthestorywecanguess.（5）Whatwouldbehappyif…？.考查推斷作者意圖和態(tài)度的能力。（1）HowdidthewriterfeelatViennastation?（2）Thewriterwritesthistextto.（3）Thewriterbelievesthat.（4）Thewritersuggeststhat.【模擬試題】（一）Happinessisforeveryone.Youdon,tneedtocareaboutthosepeoplewhohavebeautifulhouseswithlargegardensandswimmingpoolsorthosewhohavenicecarsandalotofmoneyandsoon.Why?Becausethosewhohavebighousesmayoftenfeellonelyandthosewhohavecarsmaywanttowalkonthecountryroadsattheirfreetime.Infact,happinessisalwaysaroundyouifyouputyourheartintoit.Whenyouareintroubleatschool,yourfriendswillhelpyou;whenyoustudyhardatyourlessons,yourparentsarealwaystakinggoodcareofyourlifeandyourhealth;whenyougetsuccess,yourfriendswillsaycongratulationstoyou;whenyoudosomethingwrong,peoplearoundyouwillhelpyoutocorrectit.Andwhenyoudosomethinggoodtoothers,youwillfeelhappy,too.Alltheseareyourhappiness.Ifyounoticeabitofthem，youcanseethathappinessisalwaysaroundyou.Happinessisnotthesameasmoney.Itisafeelingofyourheart.Whenyouarepoor,youcanalsoyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavesomethingelsethatcan,tbeboughtwithmoney.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,youcansayloudlyyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavemorechancestochallengeyourself.Soyoucannotalwayssayyouarepoorandpoorandyouhavebadluck.Asthesayinggoes，lifeislikearevolving（旋轉的）door.Whenitdoes,italsoopens.Ifyoutakeeverychanceyouget,youcanbeahappyandluckyperson.Thosewhohavebighousesmayoftenfeel.A.happy B.lonelyC.free D.excitedWhenyoufalldowninaPEclass,bothyourteacherandyourclassmateswill.laughatyouplayjokesonyouquarrelwithyouhelpyouupWhatwillyourfriendssaytoyouwhenyoumakegreatprogressOh,sodoI.Congratulations.Goodluck.It,sju-sosoWhichideaisNOTRIGHTaccordingtothepassagePeoplewhohavecarswouldneverliketowalkintheopenair.Youcangethelpfromotherswhenyoumakemistakes.Youcanstillbeahappypersonevenifyouhavelittlemoney.Happinessisalwaysaroundyouthoughdifficultiescometowardsyou.WhichofthefollowingisthispassageaboutA.Badluck.B.Goodluck.C.Happiness.D.Life.（二）Whenyouwanttogoshoppjnjecidehowmuchmoneyyoucanspendfornewclothes.Thinkaboutthekindofclothesyoureallyneed.Thenlookforthoseclotheonsale（銷售）.Therearelabel標簽）insideallnewclothes.Thelabelstellyouhowtotakecareofyourclothes.Thelabelforashirtyomuaytotewlalshitinwarmwater.Asweaterlabelmaytellyoutowashbywashingincoldwater.ThelabelonacoatmaysayadrycleanonWyshingmayruin損壞）thiscoat.Ifyoudoasthedirections（說明）sayonthelybyducankeepyourclotheslookingtheirbest.Manyclothestodaymustbedrycleaned.Drycleaningisexpensive.Whenbuyingnewclothescheck（核實）toseeiftheywillneedtobedrycleaned.Youwillsavemoneyifyoubuyclothesthatcanbewashed.Youcansavemoneyifyoubuyclothesthatarewellmade.Well-madeclotheslastlonger.Theylookgoodevenaftertheyhavebeenwashedmanytimes.Clothesthatcostmoremoneyarenotalwaysbettermade.Theydonota（w&yiz）fitbetterSometimelessexpensiveclotheslookandfitbetterthanmoreexpensiveclothes.Ifyouwanttosavemoneyyoucanbuyclothesthat.don,tfityoudon,tlastlongneedtobedrycleanedcanbewashedThelabelinsidetheclothestellyou.howtokeepthemlookingtheirbesthowtosavemoneywhethertheyfityouornotwheretogetthemdrycleanedThefirstthingforyoutodobeforeyoubuyclothesistolookforwell-madeclothestoseehowmuchmoneyyoucanpaytoknowhowtowashthemtoreadthelabelsinsidethemWelearnfromthereadingthatcheaperclothes.arealwaysworsemademustbedrycleanedcannotbewashedcansometimesfityoubetterThebesttitle（標題）forthereadingshouldbe.BuyingLessExpensiveClothesTakingEnoughMoneyWhenShoppingBeingaCleverClothesShopperChoosingtheLabelsinsideNewClothes試題答案分析:（一）B。這是一個考查細節(jié)和事實的題目。文章中有明確的敘述：Becausethosewhohavebighousesmayoftenfeellonely....所問問題和原文的敘述完全一樣。D。這也是一個考查細節(jié)和事實的題目。在所給文章中可以找到這樣的敘述：Whenyouareintroubleatschool,yourfriendswillhelpyou.根據這一敘述，可以判斷：當你在體育課上摔倒時，你的老師和同學們肯定會幫你站起來的。B。這一道閱讀理解題同樣是考查事實和細節(jié)的題目。在閱讀文章里我們也能找到關于這問題的敘述：whenyougetsuccess,yourfriendswillsaycongratulationstoyou.A。這是一道判斷題目。閱讀文章里明確敘述：thosewhohavecarsmaywanttowalkonthecountryroadsattheirfreetime.閱讀理解題的A項說，有車的人永遠不愿