九年級英語復(fù)習被動語態(tài)和動詞不定式作主語的用法人教版+朗文

九年級英語復(fù)習被動語態(tài)和動詞不定式作主語的用法人教版+朗文【同步教育信息】一.本周教學內(nèi)容：復(fù)習被動語態(tài)和動詞不定式作主語的用法被動語態(tài)屬于中考中應(yīng)該掌握的內(nèi)容，特別是一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時以及帶有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。結(jié)構(gòu)：被動語態(tài)由助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。在被動語態(tài)中也有各種時態(tài)，而時態(tài)的變化是由助動詞be的變化來決定的，過去分詞不變?？隙ň洌褐髡Z+助動詞be+過去分詞+by…否定句：主語+助動詞be+not+p.p.+by…一般疑問句：Be+主語+過去分詞+by…？特殊疑問句：疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞+by…？以teach為例：肯定句：TOC\o"1-5"\h\zIam 、一般現(xiàn)在時：He/Sheis >taught…We/You/TheyareIwas 、一般過去時：He/Shewas >taught…We/You/Theywere否定句：Iam 、一般現(xiàn)在時He/Sheis>nottaughtWe/You/TheyareIwas 、一般過去時He/Shewas >nottaught…We/You/Theywere疑問句及簡略回答：一般現(xiàn)在時：AmI 、Isheshe >taught?Areweyou/theyYes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Yes,he/sheis.

No,he/sheisn,t.Yes,we/theyare.No,we/theyaren,t.一般過去時：WasIhe/she〕 ，、口/ /-Jtaught.?Werew/eyou/theyYes,I/he/shewas.No,I/he/shewasn,t.Yes,we/theywere.No,we/theyweren,t.情態(tài)動詞：肯定句:否定句:I/He情態(tài)動詞：肯定句:否定句:I/He/She/WeYou/Theymust、can>betaught…mayI/He/She/WeYou/Theymustn't、can'tmaynotbetaught…疑問句及簡略回答：^MusfCai/MayHe/She >betaught疑問句及簡略回答：^MusfCai/MayHe/She >betaught…We/you/theyYes,I/she/he/we/you/theymust/can/may.No,I/he/she/we/you/theymustn,t/can,t/maynot.請同學們記住以下幾點：被動語態(tài)的用法：A.當我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時。B.只需要強調(diào)動作的承受者時。e.g.Thisbridgeismadeofstone.這座橋是由石頭建成的。ThetelephoneismadeinGuangdong.電話是在廣東制造的。主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)的方法：.將原句中的主語變成賓語。.謂語動詞改為被動形式：be+p.p.原句的主語如果有必要存在，要放在by的后面，沒有必要存在就可以省略。e.g.MrSmith被動語態(tài):English主語teaches主語謂語yMrSmithnglish賓語istaughte.g.MrSmith被動語態(tài):English主語teaches主語謂語yMrSmithnglish賓語istaught謂語（被動結(jié)構(gòu)）主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的幾種情況：.原句有一個賓語，結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語+謂語+賓語變被動的方法時就要按照例句：Theworkersbuiltmanyhouses.Manyhouseswerebuilt(bytheworkers).當原句中有兩個賓語時，我們可以用兩種方法。e.g.Sarahgavemeanicekite.IwasgivenanicekitebySarah.AnicekitewasgiventomebySarah..當原句中含有賓語補足語時，變成被動語態(tài)時，賓語補足語不變。e.g.TheteachertoldMarytoopenthewindow.Marywastoldtoopenthewindow(bytheteacher)Thebossmadethemdotheworkquickly.Theyweremade及dotheworkquickly.注意：動詞可以分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。及物動詞才可以有被動語態(tài)，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。而不及物動詞加上副詞或介詞后，如果能相當于一個及物動詞的作用，就可以有被動語態(tài)。e.g.MrsKingtakescareofthebooksinthelibrary.ThebooksaretakencareofbyMrsKinginthelibrary.不是所有的主動句都可以變成被動語態(tài)的句子。A.當謂語動詞是表示狀態(tài)的動詞時，如：leave,reach,enter,have等等。e.g.Davidusuallyleaveshomeateighteverymorning.B.當賓語是反身代詞時。e.g.Thestudentsenjoyedthemselvesinthepartyyesterday.C.有些短語動詞相當于不及物動詞的作用時，沒有被動語態(tài)。e.g.takeplace發(fā)生， 變化發(fā)生在某地或某時間GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinTianjininthepasttenyears.在過去的十年中天津發(fā)生了巨大變化。請同學們將下列句子變成被動語態(tài)。Weplanttreesinspring.Theysellalotofthingsinthesmallshop.Hedrewahorseonthewall.Theboysplayedfootballjustnow.Youmustputyourbikeoverthere.Hissoncanusethecomputernow.Grandmamaykeepthesebooksfortwoweeks.Sheneedn'ttiestickstothebigtrees.Thetwinsshouldtookaftertheiryoungerbrotherwell.Key:Treesareplanted（byus）inspring.Alotofthingsaresoldinthesmallshop.Ahorsewasdrawnonthewall.Footballwasplayedbytheboysjustnow.Yourbikemustbeputoverthere.Thecomputercanbeusedbyhissonnow.Thesebooksmaybekeptbygrandmafortwoweeks.Sticksneedn,tbetiedtothebigtreesbyher.Theiryoungerbrothershouldbetookedafterwellbythetwins.根據(jù)要求變化句型：RiceisgrowninTibet.（改為否定句）TheroomwascleanedbyTom.（改為否定句）Shewasseentogointotheoffice.（改為一般疑問句）Thesportsmeetingmustbeputofftillnextmonth.（改為一般疑問句）Themeetingwasheldinthehall.（畫線部分提問）Yourshirtmustbewashed.（畫線部分提問）Hewasoperatedonbyaverygooddoctor.（變成主動語態(tài)）Thecompositionshouldbefinishedintwohours（they同上）Thatboywastoldnottokeeplonghair.（theteacher同上）Theyearisdividedintofourseasons.（we同上）Key:Riceisn,tgrowninTibet.Theroomwasn,tcleanedbyTom.Wassheseentogointotheoffice?Mustthesportsmeetingbeputofftillnextmonth?Wherewasthemeetinghold?Whoseshirtmustbewashed?Averygooddoctoroperatedonhim.Theyshouldfinishthecompositionintwohours.Theteachertoldtheboynottokeeplonghair.Wedividetheyearintofourseasons.選擇填空：Theseflowersonceaweek.A.shouldwaterB.shouldwateredC.shouldbewateredD.shouldarewateredtheclothesofcotton?A.Do,made B.Is,madeC.Are,made D.Was,madeDoyouknowwhattime?thetrainleavesisthetrainleave

C.doesthetrainleaveD.thetrainisleftWhenthePLA?A.were,foundedwas,founddid,foundedwas,foundedWhenshegottoschool,shefoundthatthegateA.closedB.wasclosedC.openingD.opendItin2001.A.washappen B.washappenedC.happened D.wastakenplaceThetrousersaretoolong,canshorterforme?itbemadeyoumakethemyoumadeitbeitmadeBengooutjustnow.isseentowassawtoC.wasseenD.wasseentoThecakedelicious.A.istaste B.tastesC.istasted D.wastastedThechildfeltafraidbecausehealone.A.wasleaveB.wasleavedA.wasleaveB.wasleavedC.wasleft D.leftKey:1.C 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.BC 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.C動詞不定式：.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：to+動詞原形，但有時可以不帶to。to的后面跟著名詞，代詞，名詞詞組等，叫做介詞賓語。to后面踉動詞原形，叫做小品詞。.作用：動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞形式，在句子中不能做謂語，沒有隨著主語進行人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)、語態(tài)等的變化。動詞不定式保留動詞的特點，有自己的賓語和狀語，構(gòu)成不定式短語。所以，它在句子中可以作主語，表語，賓語，賓語補足語、定語和狀語。主語TolearnEnglishisimportant.學英語重要。表語Myjobistoteachlanguage.我的工作是教語言。賓語Theteacherwantedtoseemyparents.賓語補足語HeaskedEdwardtohelphimwiththecooking.定語Thestudentshavemanybookstoread.狀語TheheadmastercametoClass7tohaveaclassmeetingwiththestudentsyesterday.不定式作主語一般情況下句子都是以名詞或者代詞等作主語。e.g.Beijingisamoderncity.名詞作主語北京是一所現(xiàn)代化城市。Sheisanicegirl.代詞作主語不定式有名詞的作用，可以用來做主語。e.g.Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實。Totakemoreexerciseeverydayisnecessary.每天參加體育活動是有必要的。很多情況下，尤其在口語中，常常用it放在句首作形式主語，而將真正的主語不定式放在句子后面，構(gòu)成下面的句型：Itis/was+adj./n.+todo…形式主語 真正的主語e.g.Totakemoreexerciseeverydayisnecessary.=Itisnecessarytotakemoreexerciseeveryday.形式主語 真正的主語Tofinishsomuchhomeworkisnoteasy.=Itisnoteasytofinishsomuchhomework.注意：Itis/was+adj.+forsb.todosth…Itis/was+adj.+ofsb.todosth…的區(qū)別。表示客觀情況的形容詞，如： easy,hard,difficult,dangerous,important,necessary,interesting等要用forsb.todosth.表示主觀情感或態(tài)度的形容詞，如：kind,good,clever,foolish,wise,honest,nice等要用ofsb.todosth.e.g.It,sverykindofyoutohelpme.It,sfoolishofyoutomakesuchamistake.It,sdifficultforhimtolearnphysics.It,sdangerousforchildrentoplayinthestreet.Itis/was…forsb.todo…沒有句型轉(zhuǎn)換而Itis/was…ofsb.todo句型可以用不定式作狀語的句型轉(zhuǎn)換。e.g.Youareverykindtohelpme.=It,sverykindofyoutohelpme.Youarefoolishtomakesuchamistake.=It'sfoolishofyoutomakesuchamistake.請用Itis/was…ofsb.todo…改寫句子。Sheiswisetolearnfromothers.Hewaswrongtotellusalie.Theboyisrighttohelptheoldman.Youaregoodtogeteverythingready.Key:It,swiseofhertolearnfromothers.Itwaswrongofhimtotellusalie.It,srightoftheboytohelptheoldman.It,sgoodofyoutogeteverythingready.用Itis/was…todo改寫下列句子。Toswiminthatriverisdangerous.Tolearnhowtouseacomputerisimportant.Tovisitthatfactoryisinteresting.Igetupearlyisagoodhabit.Key:It,sdangeroustoswiminthatriver.It,simportanttolearnhowtouseacomputer.It,sinterestingtovisitthatfactory.It,sagoodhabittogetupearly.完成句子：Itwasnotright（像那樣想）Itwillbeeasier（用這種方法解出題）It'swrong（在公共場合大聲談話）Ifsmyduty（幫助學生）Key:tothinklikethattoworkouttheprobleminthisway.totalkloudlyinpublic.tohelpthestudents.用It+takesb,…todo翻譯句子。.他用了兩年寫那本書。.工人們要花一年修建這條路。.每天我騎車上班要用半小時。.我們花了二十分鐘畫了這幅圖畫。Key:Ittookhimtwoyearstowritethatbook.Itwilltaketheworkersayeartobuildtheroad.Ittakesmehalfanhourtogotoworkbybike.Ittookustwentyminutestodrawthispicture.【模擬試題】.單項選擇：1.isgoodforhealth.A.Skate B.ToskateC.Skateing D.ToskateingIfstime.A.togotobed B.forgoingtobedC.forthebed D.forItogotobedIt,snotgoodtoplayallday.A.toyour B.foryouC.ofyou D.foryourI’mafraidtakealongtimetheproject.A.it,ll,us,tofinish B.we,ll,/,tofinishC.we,ll,/,finishing D.itwill,us,finishingIsnecessarythebooktomorrow?that,formetoreturnit,ofmetoreturnthis,formereturningit,formetoreturn—Howlongdidittakeyoutogetthere?—Oh,hourandahalf,It,squitealongtime.A.a B.an C.the D./—What,sthematterwithyou?—somethingwrongwithmyleg.A.Thereis B.ThereareC.Iam D.Ihave—Whereisthesmallcoffeeshop?—Youhavetogothebridge.Ifsontheotherside.A.pastB.over C.throughD.acrossHowdoyouplayfootball?—Twiceamonth.A.long B.old C.often D.soon—CanyouhelpmemendtheTVset?—Sorry.IknowaboutTVsets.A.alittle B.littleC.afew D.few—Willyougotohaveapicnicintheparktomorrow?—Yes,itisfine.A.ifB.thoughC.becauseD.when—Whatdidthepolicemansayamomentago?—Heaskedwherelastnight.A.amIB.IamC.wasID.Iwas—Youlookthanyesterday?—Itooksomemedicineandhadagoodsleeplastnight.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best—MayIplaybasketballnow?-You'dbecausedinnerisready.A.notbetter B.betternotC.notbetterto D.betternottoWhenthebuilding?In1990.A.did,build B.wasbuilding

C.has,builtD.was,builtC.has,builtD.was,built.根據(jù)句意用方框內(nèi)所給詞組的適當形式填空。swim,feel,alittle,afew,either-or,too…to,holdon,enjoyoneself,nothearfrom,comeback,beableto,hearofIcanspeakEnglish.Weareverytired.Let,sstop.Shewillgiveittomeassoonasshe.youcomeinafewdays?I,mnotwell.PerhapsIhavecaughtacold.Theyweretoobigtoosmall.Whydidn,tthemen?Jimhismotherforalongtime.foramoment,please.Thisproblemishardformeworkitout..補全對話：Doctor:1,Madam?Madam:I,vegotapainhere.Doctor:2.Doyouhavepainhere?Madam:Yes,it,sveryserious.Doctor:I,mafraid3.Madam:Really?Itmustbequiteserious.Doctor:Don'tworry.4.Madam:Operation?DoIneedanoperation?Doctor:Yes.Madam:Butmyson…Heisonlyten. 5.Doctor:Butyourhealthisveryimportant,isn,tit?Youcanaskyourhusbandtolookafterhim.Madam:Iagreewithyou,I,mcomingtomorrow..根據(jù)中文提示完成句子。.父親告訴我們這臺電腦花了他八千元。Myfathertoldus..很久以前，這里有一條河。,therewasarivernearhere..在他十六歲時，就上大學了。他很聰明。,hewenttocollege.Hewasveryclever..請把收音機關(guān)小一點，我正在做作業(yè)。,I,mdoingmyhomework..它看上去很好，是由什么制造的?Itlooksverynice,..在電腦的幫助下，我們很容易就完成這項工作了。,wecanfinishtheworkeasily..書面表達，根據(jù)提示，寫一篇50詞以上的短文。許多國家已經(jīng)發(fā)射了環(huán)繞地球運行的人造衛(wèi)星。而且中國的宇航員已經(jīng)進入太空。你是否也想當一名宇航員呢？請談?wù)勛约旱拇蛩?。man-madesatellite,astronaut,beproudof,hopethat…，though.完形填空：Buildingsthatreachtheskiesmaybeseeninmostoftheworld,slargestcitiestoday.EversincethefirstskyscraperwasbuiltinChicagoin1883,moreandmoretallbuildings1upinmordandmorecities.Earlyskyscraperswerebuiltwiththick,heavywallsofsolidbrickorstoneorconcrete（混凝土）.Nowthenewskyscrapersarebeingbuiltwithasteelframe-work（構(gòu)架）that2theweightofthebuilding.Thistakesthe3oftheoldsolidwallsandmakes4possibletobuildtogreaterheights.Theideacamemostlyfromengineers5toseeaskyscraperframe-workasakindofsteelbridgesetonend.Likethe6,too,itwouldbelightbutstrongandcouldbeextended7necessary.8atfirsttohouseofficesandshops,someskyscrapersarenowbecominghomesforpeoplewhowanttolive9thecenterofthecity.“BigJohn”,aChicagoskyscraperthatopenedin1970,isanexample,“BigJohn”isthepopularnameofthe100-storyJohnHancockCenter.10thefirstandthe43rdfloor,thereareofficesandshops.There,saswimmingpoolonthe44thfloor.Fromthe45thfloortothe92th,thereareapartments.Thepeoplewholiveintheseapartments11lookdownonthecloudsinsteadof12atthem.Everywindowhasabeautifulview.Manypeopleseem1314abovethecity,awayfromthetrafficandthenoise.Perhaps“BigJohn”willsoonbefollowedbyotherhomes_15fortheskies.1.A.put B.areput C.tohavebeenputD.havebeenput2.A.supportsB.issupportedC.holdsonD.isheld3.A.materialB.thingC.seatD.place4.A.thisB.thatC.itD.them5.A.tobeableB.inorderC.whowereableD.thatcouldbe6.A.steelB.frameworkC.skyscraperD.bridge7.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.which8.A.BuildingB.BuiltC.BeingbuiltD.Havingbuilt9.A.in B.to C.atD.on10.A.On B.InC.BetweenD.At11.A.shouldB.can C.may D.must12.A.leftB.right C.down D.up13.A.liketoliveB.likelivingC.toliketoliveD.tolikeliving14.A.lowB.lowlyC.highD.highly15.A.thatreachB.whoreachesC.reachingtoD.whichreachesupVII.閱讀理解:Mostpeoplewanttowork,butithasbecomemoredifficultintoday,sworldtofindworkforeveryone.Theeconomyoftheworldneedstogrowby4%eachyearjusttokeeptheoldnumberofjobsforpeople.Oftenthisisn,tpossible,andsomorepeoplearewithoutwork.Somepeoplehavenojobsnowbecausenewmachinescandotheworkofmanypeopleinashorttime.Alsomachinesdon,taskformoremoneyorlongerholidays.Inallofthecountriesoftheworldmachinesaretakingworkfrompeople,notonlyinfactoriesbutalsoonthefarms.Onemachinecanoftendotheworkoffortypeople.About75,000peoplearemovingtothecitiesadaytolookforjobs,butonly60%ofthemcanfindjobs.Itwasforpeopletofindworkbeforethemachineswerewidelyusedinthefactories.A.moredifficult B.easierC.notpossible D.difficultIftheeconomyoftheworldgrows4%eachyear,.peoplewillhavenojobs4%ofthepeoplewillhavejobstoopeoplecanhavethesamenumberofjobsasbefore96%ofthepeoplewillhavejobsOnemachinecandoas