國際交流英語視聽說1further-listening聽力原文

第一單元一：In1980,TimSamaraswasworkingattheUniversityofDenverResearchInstitutewhenhefirstsawthecamera.Weighing1,600poundsandstandingsixfeethigh,theBeckman&Whitley192camerawashardtoMiss.Thecamerawasusedtotakepicturesofnucleartests,anditwaspartofSamaras’jobtolookafterit.Samaraslefttheresearchinstituteandhadotherjobs,butheneverforgotthatcamera.Twenty-fiveyearslater,hesawitwasforsale.Heboughtitforjust$600,thevalueofitsmetalparts.Now,heisusingthecameratostudylightning.WiththehelpofmoneyfromNationalGeographic,hechangedhowthecameraworks.Hereplacedthefilmtechnologywithdigitalsensorsdesignedfordeepspaceexploration.Healsoaddednewsoftwarewrittenspeciallyforthecamera.Hehopesthecamerawillhelphimtakeaphotographofthemomentlightningstarts.Thisisverydifficultandhehasbeentryingtogetthatshotsince2006.Theburstoflightcomesfromclosetothegroundandmovesuptothesky.Itistravelingatathirdofthespeedoflightandthestartofthisflashtakesaslittleas200milliseconds.Thecameraisfastenoughtotakethepicture,buthemustalsoknowwheretopointitandalso“click”attherighttime.Somepeoplethinkhehasnochanceofgettingtheshothewants.ButSamarasisusedtopeopletellinghimthatwhathe’stryingcan’tbedone.Beforehestartedtostudylightning,hespentseveralyearschasingaftertornadoes.Peopledidn’tthinkitwaspossibletorecordwhatitlooksandfeelslikeinsideatornado,butSamarasmanaged.Hegotsomeofthemostaccuratereadingseverofwindspeed,barometricpressure,temperature,andhumidity.Itispossiblethatheisrightabouthowtophotographthestartoflightning,too.“I’mstillinhotpursuitofthatimage,”hesaidin2012,adding,“AndIwon’tstopuntilthisisdone.”二1Whatkindofpeoplemakegoodnurses?A:Well,youhavetobeorganized.Forexample,I’minchargeofmypatients’medicine.Ihavetogivethemthecorrectmedicine,soIwriteeverythingdowninachart.Igetthemedicine.Then,Icheckonmychartthatit’sthecorrectone.Nobodygetsthewrongmedicinethatway.Q:Youarewellorganized!A:Thanks.Ithasabigeffectonmypatients’health,soit’simportanttome.Nursesalsohavetobefitbecausetheworkisveryphysical.sharksoneday!Besideswritingandtakingpictures,Griffithsteachesphotographyskillstopeoplewhowanttobecomephotographers.TheyknowtheyarelearningfromoneofthebestphotographersintheWorld.第二單元一I’mMiranda.Idon’thavemuchfreetimebecauseIhaveafull-timejobasasalesmanager.Ialsohavechildren,soIliketospendtimewiththem.Sometimeswegotothebeach,andsometimeswegotothepark.Forme,playingwithmychildrenhassomeimportantbenefits:Itmakesmefeelyoungandgivesmegreatjoy.MynameisMike.I’mafirst-yearliteraturestudentoftheUniversityofPennsylvania.Ienjoytakingwalksinthepark.Ilovetheoutdoors—seeingthetreesandfeelingthesunonmyface.Basically,I’malwaysmoving.Walkingisgoodexercise.Allthatexercisekeepsmehealthy.MynameisCindy.WhatdoIdoinmyfreetime?Well,myhobbyiscooking.It’saprettycommonhobby,soIknowalotofotherpeoplewholiketocook.Sometimesmyfriendscomeoverandwecooktogether.Welaughandtellstories!I’mTim.I’mateacher.WhenIwanttorelax,Ilistentomusicathome.Myfavoritemusicisclassical,especiallyMozart.There’sonlyonedrawbacktospendingmyfreetimeathome:Ialmostneverspendtimeoutside.二InabigcitysuchasParis,peopleneedplacestolive,shop,andwork.Emptyspacecanbehardtofind.Butthecitygovernmentfindsandkeepstheseemptyspaces.Peopleneedplacestospendtheirfreetime,andparksareplacesthatmostpeopleenjoy.ThecityofParisspendsalotofmoneytocreatemoreparksandgardens.Somepeoplethinkthatthecostisabigdrawback.So,whydoesthecitydothis?Whataresomeofthebenefitsofparksandothergreenspaces??BetterHealth.Havingplacestorelaxafterworkhelpspeoplefeelgood.Parksallowpeopletogetexercisesuchaswalkingandjogging.Beingoutdoorsinthesunlightisgoodforpeople.?BetterEnvironment.Treeshelptocleantheairandmakecitiescooler.Cleanairhelpspeoplestayhealthy.?LessCrime.Crime,suchasrobberyandmurder,iscommoninbigcities.Researchsaysthatthereislesscrimeinplaceswithgreenareasaroundthem.?ImprovedEducation.Parksarealsoaplaceforchildrentolearnandplaytogether.Accordingtoonestudy,childrenlearnbetteraftertheyplayinapark.三Newresearchsaysthatapeslaughwhentheyaretickled.ResearchersattheUniversityofPortsmouthleda“tickleteam”.Thegroupofresearcherstickledthenecks,feet,hands,andarmpitsofyoungapes.Theteamrecordedmorethan800oftheresultinglaughsontape.Theresearchsuggeststhattheapes’pantingnoiseisthesoundoflaughter.Theythinkthatthispantingisthebasisforhumanexpressionsofjoy—the“ha-ha”soundwemakewhenwelaugh.Whenwefindsomethingfunny,suchasajoke,welaugh.Whenapesfindsomethingfunny,suchasatickle,theylaugh.Humansfindmanysituationsfunny—suchasjokes,tickles,TVcomedyshows—butwearenotuniquebecauseanimalslaugh,too.第三單元一二三第四單元一Whatisyourhousemadeof?Buildingahousefromconcreteormetalrequireslargeamountsofenergyandpollutestheair.Buildingahousefromwoodmeanscuttingdowntreesanddamagingtheenvironment.BuilderMichaelFurbishhasanotheridea:Usestrawtomakebuildings.“Mostotherbuildingmaterialsrequirealotofenergyuseinproductionandmanufacturingatafactory,”explainsFurbish.Strawisakindofgrass,andittakeslittleenergytogrow.It’snotverynutritiousforanimals,however,sofarmersnormallydryitanduseitforanimalstosleepon.Afterthestrawisdry,farmersuseamachinetomakebales—largerectangularbricksofstraw.Then,builderssuchasFurbishbuildwallswiththebales.Whentheyfinishthewalls,theycoverthemwithplasterinsideandoutside.Thatkeepsoutwateraswellasinsectsandsmallanimals.Furbishusedabout900strawbalesforhisfamily’stwo-story,three-bedroomhouse.Hiscompanyusedabout4,000balestobuildanelementaryschoolinMaryland,U.S.A.Doyouthinkastraw-balehouseisforyou?Youwon’tknowuntilyoutrylivinginone,butforFurbish,it’sagreenerwaytobuild.二Q:Whatarevacationhomes?A:They’reusuallyhousesorcondominiums.Familiesonlyusethesehomesduringvacations,sotheywantthemtobeinbeautifullocations.Q:WhyisBajaCaliforniapopularforvacations?A:IthascoastsonthePacificOceanandtheSeaofCortez,sotouristscanenjoysealifesuchasdolphins,whales,andunusualfish.Itsbeautifulmountainsanddesertsarealsoexcellentforhikingandsightseeing.Q:CananyoneownahomeinBajaCalifornia?A:Yes.Youdon’thavetobeaMexicancitizentoownpropertyhere.Manyvacationhomesbelongtopeoplefromothercountries,especiallyCanadaandtheUnitedStates.Q:Aretherealotofnewvacationhomesforsale?A:Yes.MostofBajaCalifornia’spopulationlivesinthenorth,incitiessuchasTijuanaandMexicali.Recently,though,therehasbeenrapidgrowthinthesouth,especiallynearCaboSanLucasandLaPaz.Theywanttobuildalotofnewhousesandhotelsquicklyinthoseplaces.Q:Iseveryonehappyaboutthehousinggrowth?A:No.Somepeopleworryaboutdamagetotheenvironmentasmoreandmorepeoplemovein.BajaCaliforniaisalsoverydry,sohavingenoughdrinkingwaterforeveryoneisanotherconcern.三InBarcelona,Spain,bothvisitorsandresidentsofthecityknowaboutthearchitectAntoniGaudí.TheCasaMilàisperhapshisbest-knownbuilding.Fromtheoutside,thewallslooklikenaturalstone.Ontheroof,severallarge,unusualworksofartareactuallychimneys—theycarryawaygasesfromcookingandheatingfrominsidetheapartments.TheCasaBatllóisanotherofGaudí’sapartmentbuildings.Theoutsideofthebuildingisverycolorful,andit’seasytoseethatGaudíwasanartistaswellasanarchitect.Noteveryapartmentisspacious,buteachapartmenthasabalcony,soresidentscanstandoutsidetheirbedroomsorlivingroomsandseethestreetbelow.第五單元一二三第六單元一HereonEarth,weliketolookupatthestarsinthenightsky.Inspace,thestarslookevenmoreamazing!AstronautDonThomasflewintospaceonthespaceshuttleColumbia.Hesaidlater,“Icouldseemanymorestars.Ialsocouldseestarsofdifferentcolors.Somearewhite.Othersareblue,red,oryellowlikeoursun.”Formostofus,starsinthenightskyappeartotwinkle.That’sbecauselightfromthestarstravelsthroughtheearth’satmospherebeforeweseeit.Gasesintheatmospherearealwaysmoving,andthatmakesthelightfromthestarslookunsteady.Incontrast,“Theydon’ttwinkleinspace,”saysThomas.“Theylooklikesteadypointsoflight.”O(jiān)urownsunisayellow,average-sizedstar.Itformedaround4.6billionyearsago—probablyinaverylargecloudofgasanddustcalledanebula.Bitsofgasanddustcametogether,andthengravitybegantopullthegasanddustintoaball.Astheballgrewlarger,itsgravitygrewstronger.Overtime,thegravitybecamesostrongthattheballcollapsedandthegasheatedup.Astarwasborn!Starslastaverylongtime—formillionsorevenbillionsofyears.Oursunwillgetcooleranddiesomeday,butitwon’thappenanytimesoon.二TelescopesofthepastAsfarasweknow,Galileowasthefirstastronomertoobservethemoon,planets,andstarsthroughatelescope.Inthe17thcentury,telescopeswerejustglasslensesinsidetubesmadeofwood.Thelenseswereshapedbyhandtomakethingsappearlarger.Soon,however,peoplewantedbiggertelescopestobeabletoseefartherintospace.Largeglasslenseswereheavyanddidn’tworkwellinatelescope,soin1668,IsaacNewtoninventedsomethingnew:atelescopethatusedamirrortoreflectlight.Soon,reflectingtelescopesbecamethefirstchoiceforastronomers.TelescopesofthepresentAstelescopesbecamelarger,itbecamenecessarytoputtheminsidesomekindofbuilding.Observatories,buildingswithtelescopesinsidefordoingresearch,werebuiltasearlyasthe18thcentury.Withtheselargertelescopes,astronomersdiscoveredplanetsthatGalileoneverknewabout—UranusandNeptune.Threeoftoday’slargestobservatoriesstandontopofMaunaKeainHawaii.Atnearly14,000feet(4,300meters),MaunaKeaisabove40percentoftheearth’satmosphere.TheKeckObservatoryisamongtheobservatoriesonMaunaKea,andthemirrorsinitstworeflectingtelescopesare33feet(10meters)across!Theirsizeallowsastronomerstoseefarintospace.三Mostoftheworld’speoplenowliveinornearcities,wheredoingmostthingsatnightisaseasyasdoingthemduringtheday.Seeingthestarsatnight,however,isnoteasytodoinacity.Streetlightsandlightsfrombusinessesandadvertisersshineintothenightsky,andonlythebrighteststarscanbeseen.Thedark-skymovementwantstochangethis.Theyarguethatseeingthenightskyisimportantforeveryone—notonlyforastronomers.Theysaythatoutdoorlightingaffectshumanhealthandwildlife,andtheyrecommendsimplethingssuchasstreetlightsthatonlyletlightshinedownatthestreet,notupatthesky.第七單元一TaylorgrewupinAsiaandEurope.Asachild,heoftenswamamongMalaysia’scoralreefs—placeswheresmallseaanimalsandplantsgrowonrocksorothersolidobjectsontheoceanfloor.Reefsareimportantformanykindsofoceanlife,andthey’reintroublebecauseoffishingandclimatechange.Thesedays,Taylorstilllikestoswim,andheisconsciousoftheneedtohelpoceanreefsandoceanlife.Hisrecentartprojectdoesexactlythat.TheSilentEvolutionisagroupofsculptures.Taylorusedrealpeopleasmodelswhenhewasmakingthem.Inaway,allthesculpturesarecopiesofpeople,andtheylookjustlikethem.Thesculpturesareinapublicplace,buttheyarenoteasytosee.TheyareontheoceanfloornearCancún,Mexico.Therearemorethan400ofthem,andtogether,theyformonehugepieceofart.It’sespeciallyinterestingbecausetheartistdidnotrepeatanyofthesculptures—eachoneisasculptureofadifferentperson.Taylor’sartworkisconstantlychanging.Seaanimalsandplantsmaketheirhomesonthesculpturesjustastheydoonnaturalreefs,andintime,anewreefwillform.Thatmeansthesculpturesaretemporary,andifyouwanttoseethem,youneedtodoitsoon.Taylorhopesthenewreefthatformsoverthesculptureswilllastforever,oratleastfarintothefuture.二ElephantartbeganatzoosintheUnitedStates.ZookeeperstheresawanelephantnamedRubyusingasticktomakemarksinthedirt.Theyboughtpaintsandbrushesforher,andsoonshewaspainting.InabookaboutRuby,authorDickGeorgesaysshelovedtopaint,andsheevenchosethecolors.InThailand,theThaiElephantConservationCenter(TECC)nowteacheselephantstopaint.Theythinkitmightbegoodforthem.Theanimalslearntoholdthepaintbrush,andtrainershelpthemtomovetheirtrunksandpaintpictures.Somepaintingsshowrealthingss