英語介詞的用法

英語介詞的用法英語介詞的用法全文共3頁，當(dāng)前為第1頁。介詞的主要用法：

介詞是一種虛詞,不能獨(dú)立使用。介詞之后一般有名詞或代詞(賓格)或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句作它的賓語,即構(gòu)成介詞短語。有些介詞是由兩個(gè)以上的詞構(gòu)成的短語介詞,如：outof(從…中出來),awayfrom(距離…),nextto(在…隔壁),infrontof(在…前方)等。

2、介詞的分類表：(見下表)

地點(diǎn)(位置、范圍)介詞：after在…后面,at在…處,before在...前,behind在...后,beside在...旁邊,between在...之間,from來自...,in在...里面,near靠近...,on在...上面,outside在....外面,under在...下方,infrontof在...前,

inthemiddleof在...的中間,atthebackof在...的后部,等等。

方向(目標(biāo)趨向)介詞：along沿著...,around繞著...,at朝著...,down向…下,for向...,from從/離...,in進(jìn)入...,into進(jìn)入...,near接近...,off脫離/除...,outof向...外,outside向....外,to向/朝...,up向...上,awayfrom遠(yuǎn)離...

時(shí)間介詞：about大約...,after在…以后,at在…(時(shí)刻),before在…以前,for有…(之久),from從…(時(shí))起,in在(上/下午);on在(某日),past過了…(時(shí)),to到(下一時(shí)刻),

方式介詞：as作為/當(dāng)作...,by用/由/乘坐/被...,in用…(語言),

like與…一樣,on騎(車)/徒(步),with用(材料),用(手/腳/耳/眼),

涉及介詞:about關(guān)于...,in在…(方面),of…的,有關(guān)...,to對…而言,with就…而言

其它介詞:

【目的介詞】for為了...,to為了…

【比較介詞】as與…一樣,like象…一樣,than比...,to與…相比少,

【伴隨/狀態(tài)介詞】at在(上班/休息/上學(xué)/家,etc.),in穿著…(衣服/顏色),on在(值日),with與…一起,有/帶著/長著...

3、介詞短語的句法作用：

介詞短語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞或副詞,可用作狀語、定語和表語。如：Themancame<downthestairs>.(狀)(那個(gè)人走下樓來)/Thewoman<withafloweronherhead>isfromthecountryside.(定)(頭上戴花的婦女來自鄉(xiāng)下)/Theteacherisnowwiththestudents.(表)(老師現(xiàn)在和學(xué)生在一起)

4、介詞短語在句子中的位置：

介詞短語做狀語時(shí),如果表示時(shí)間/地點(diǎn),可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴隨/涉及/原因/目的/比較,一般放在句尾；介詞短語作表語時(shí)放在連系動(dòng)詞之后；介詞短語作定語時(shí),只能放在被修飾的名詞之后。如：HewantedtofindagoodjobinShanghai

thenextyear.(狀語)(他想來年在上海找份好工作)/Theysearchedtheroomforthethief.(他們在房間里搜索小偷)/Thelettersareforyou.(表語)(信是給你的)/Haveyouseenacatwithablackheadandfourwhitelegs?(定語)(你看見一只黑頭白腿的貓了嗎？)

5、重要注釋：

⑴this/that/these/those/last/next/a/every/each等詞構(gòu)成的時(shí)間短語,前面不用任何介詞。如：EveryyeartravellersfromabroadcometovisitPingyao.(每年都有國外的游客來游覽平窯鎮(zhèn))/Hehadabadcoldthatweek.(那個(gè)星期他患重感冒)

⑵記住一些固定詞組：onfoot(步行),atnight(在晚上),playwith(玩耍……),lookoutof(朝…外面看),withone’shelp(在…的幫助下),lookafter(照料…),lookfor(尋找…),onabike(=bybike)騎車,helpsb.with(幫某人做…)等等。

6、某些介詞的用法辨析：

⑴時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)介詞in、on、at的用法區(qū)別：表示時(shí)間時(shí),in表示在一段時(shí)間里(在將來時(shí)句子中則表示在一段時(shí)間之后),on表示在具體的某一天或者某天的上下午等,at表示在某個(gè)時(shí)刻或者瞬間；

表示地點(diǎn)時(shí),in表示在某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi),on表示在某個(gè)平面上或與一個(gè)面相接觸,at則表示在某個(gè)具體的場所或地點(diǎn)。如：HewasbornonthemorningofMay10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)/Iusuallygetupat7：00inthemorning.(我通常在早上的七點(diǎn)鐘起床)/Hisglassesarerightonhisnose.(他的眼鏡就架在他的鼻子上)/Heisatthecinemaatthemoment.(此刻他正在電影院)

⑵after與in表示時(shí)間的用法區(qū)別：“after+(具體時(shí)刻/從句)”表示“在…時(shí)刻之后”常用于一般時(shí)態(tài)；“in+(一段時(shí)間)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于將來時(shí)態(tài)。如：Hesaidthathewouldbehereafter6：00.(他說他六點(diǎn)鐘之后會(huì)來這兒)/MyfatheriscomingbackfromEnglandinaboutamonth.(我父親大約一個(gè)月以后從英國回來)

⑶by、in與with表示方式的用法區(qū)別：都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某個(gè)交通工具或“以……方式”,in表示“使用”某種語言/文字,with表示“使用”某個(gè)具體的工具、手段。如：Weseewithoureyesandwalkwithourfeet.(我們用眼睛看東西,用雙腳走路)/Pleasewritethatarticle(文章)inEnglish.(請你用英語寫那篇文章)/Let’sgotothezoobytaxi.(我們打的去動(dòng)物園吧。)/ItwaswrittenbyLaoShe.(那是老舍寫的)

⑸infrontof與inthefrontof：infrontof“在…的前面”,與inthefrontof“在…的前部”。如：Acarwasparkinginfrontofthehall.(大廳跟前停著一輛汽車)/Inthefrontofthehallstoodabigdesk.(大廳前部立著一個(gè)大講臺(tái))英語介詞的用法全文共3頁，當(dāng)前為第1頁。英語介詞的用法全文共3頁，當(dāng)前為第2頁。用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空:

1.Tomistheboy_______glasses.

2.Pleasereadsomebooks________Chinesemedicine.

3.Sheworksinthedayandhasarest______night.

4.Myuncleworks_______afarm.

5.MrBlackandYangLingaretalking_________aparty.

6.Shewants_____buyasweater______herdaughter.

7.It’samap____China.

8.Let’shavealook_____thepicture.

9.What’sthat_____Chinese?

10.I’m_____ClassOne.

11.Thereisaclock______thewall______theclassroom.

12.Canyouseeanapple_______thetree?No,ButIcanseeabird_______thetree.

13.Thereisapurse______here.

14.Thereisaboat______thelake.

15.Therearemanykites____thesky.

16.Whatclothesisshewearing?Sheis_______red.

17.Canyouseetheboy_______thebike?

18.Thewoman______ayellowdressismymother.

19.Whocanyousee______thepicture?

20.Who’stheman__________yourmotherandfather?

21.GaoShangetsup______6:00_______themorning.

22.Wedon’thaveclasses_______Sundaymorning.

23.Whatdoyouoftendo______Saturday?

24.Canyouhelpme______mymaths?

25.What’swrong______you?

26.Who’s_____duty?

27.It’stime_____supper.

28.Shecan’tfindtheway.Sosheasksthepoliceman_____help.

29.Aman______Shanghaigoestothepark_______hisdaughter.

30.Yoursocksare_____thedesk.Putthemaway.Youmustlook_______yourthings.

31.Mysisterisdrawingapicture________crayons.

32.I’mthirsty.What_____you?

33.Whatwouldyoulike_______breakfast?

34.HeisAmerican.Heis_______theUSA.

35.Heis_______home.Heisn’t______school.

36.Thelunch______ourschoolisgood.

37.Heisplaying_______ayou-you.

38.Iamgood_____running.Tomdoeswell_____jumping.

39.Thegirlsplaycards_______class.

40.Take______theoldcoat.Put______thenewone.

41.I’mlooking_____mydog.Ican’tfindit.

42.Theyaretalking______Mr.Green.Theyaretalk______thefilm.

43.Thecatisrunning_______themouse.

44.Peterlooks______hisfather.

45.HeislearningFrench_________thetape.

46.Frenchmencome________France.

47.Pleasewrite_____mesoon.

48.Jackgoestoschool______foot.Jimgoestoschool______bike.

49.Thefarmisnotfar________hishome.

50.Don’tbelate______school.

51.She’sill.Shestays______bedallday.

52.Therearealotofpeople________RedAppleHotel.

53.Thesupermarketisopen_______9:00a.m.