2022年安徽省安慶市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題一卷(含答案)

2022年安徽省安慶市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題一卷(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

ADH1andADH2aresamebrewers'yeastsresponsibleforbreakingdownethanol.

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

Theskeletonsofbrittlestarscontainthousandsoftinyeyes,whichenablethemto______.

3.

ThoseimagesproducedbyFDG-PETcanreveal______.

A.thenumberofglucosemetabolism

B.thesizeofglucosemetabolism

C.thepatternofglucosemetabolism

D.thedistributionofglucosemetabolism

4.Kunzgaveupsoftwareengineeringmainlybecauseheearnedlessthanthoseinlaworbusinessfielddid.

5.

TheMilkyWaybegantoform.about11.billionyearsearlierthanEarth.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

Himalayanglaciersaretheworld'slargeststoreoffreshwateroutside______.

7.

Theword"hammock"inthispassagemeansasuspensioncagewhichcanbeswungtoandfrointheair.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

MarkTwain'slanguagestyle.is______.

9.

Incollegesanduniversities,teachersdon'twantparrot-likestudents,buttheywanttohearstudents'______.

10.In1948,peoplelivinginremoteareascouldseeTVprogramsby______intheUnitedStates.

A.a"lineofsight"

B.transmittingantenna

C.frequenciesallottedtotelevision

D.puttingantennasonhillsandrunningcablestohouses

11.Ifyoucomeupagainstthekillerquestionssuchastheselistedinthepassage,takeafewmomentsto______.

12.

Whatdothetwosetsof"public"and"private"argumentsshow?

A.Googleisthesameasanyothercompanyaimingatmoney.

B.Google'spropagandaisdifferentfromanyothercompany.

C.Googleexcelsanyother"evil"companyingrabbingmoney.

D.Googleisregardedasanevilcompany.

13.FlirtWithSuicide

ThelifeofDavidWoodswasthestuffofanAustralianboy'sdream.Heplayedprofessionalrugbyleaguefootballinacountrythattreatsathletesas,idols.At29,hehadalovingfamily,agirlfriend,a3-month-oldbaby,plentyofmoney,everythingtolivefor.Andforinexplicablereasons,nothingtolivefor.OnNewYear'sEve,Woodscalledhismothertoannouncethathehadsignedanewcontractwithhisteam,GoldenCoast,recallshiselderbrother,Tony.Thenextmorning,heranahosefromtheexhaustpipetothewindowofhisMitsubishisedan(轎車)andgasseshimself.Hisfamilystillhasnoideawhy.

ThedeathofDavidWoodscameasawake-upcalltoAustralia,whichisoftenvotedastheidealplacetobringupkids.Butthesun,thebeachesandthesportingculturearethecheerybackdroptoadisturbingtrend:youngAustralianmenarenowkillingthemselvesattherateofoneaday--tripletherateof30yearsago.ThoughmostAustraliansaren'tparticularlysuicidal,theirboysare.In1990suicidesurpassedcaraccidentsastheleadingcauseofdeathamongmalesaged15to24.Fun-lovingAustraliaisnowfarworseoffthanAsiannationsknownforstrictdiscipline.TheyearlysuiciderateforyoungAustralianmalesis2.5timeshigherthaninJapan,HongKong,orSingapore.

PossibleCausesforSuicide

Whyboys?Anationofwide-openspacesandruggedindividualism,AustraliastillidolizesthefilmstarGaryCoopermodelofmasculinity:thestrong,silenttypewhonevercomplains,whoalwaysgetsthejobdone.Inrecentyearsschoolsandsocialinstitutionshaveconcentratedoncreatingnewopportunitiesforequalityforgirls--whileleavingtroubledboyswiththeclassiccommandoftheAustralianfather:pullyourselftogether.It'spasttimetotakeamuchcloserlookatthelivesofyoungmen,someresearchersargue."Peoplethink,'Mykidsaren'tdoingdrugs,mykidsaresafeathome',"sayspsychiatristJohnTillerofMelbourneUniversity,whostudied148suicidesand206attemptsinthestateofVictoria."Theyarewrong."

TheHaywards,acomfortablywell-offfamilyinWyong,northofSydney,figuredtheyweredealingwiththenormalproblemsoftroubledteenhood.TheirsonMarkhadputupaposterofrockstarKurtCobain,a1994suicidevictim,alongwithaCobainquote:"IhatemyselfandIwanttodie.""Fromtheageof12,Markhadhisupsanddowns--moodswings,depressionandlowself-esteem,"sayshisfather.TheHaywardssentMarktovariouscounselors,noneofwhomwarnedthathehadsuicidaltendencies.BylastyearMarkwas19,fightingbouts(回合)ofunemploymentandadrugproblem.Hetriedchurch,strugglingtodotherightthing.LastSeptemberhedroppedoutadetoxification(戒毒)program,andapologizedtohisparents."I'veletyoudownagain."Afewdayslater,hismotherfoundMark'sbodyinbush-landneartheirhome.

Inretrospect,MarkHayward'sstruggleswerefarfromuncommon.Thenumberofsuicidestendstokeeppacewiththeunemploymentrate,whichforAustraliansbetween15and19hasrisenfrom19percentin1978,thefirstyeardatawerecollected,to28percentlastyear.Suicideisespeciallyhighamongthemostmarginal:youngAboriginal(土著的)men,isolatedbypoverty,alcoholismandracism.Asinotherdevelopedcountries,Australianfamilieshavegrownlesscohesiveinrecentyears,puttingyoungmenoutintotheworldatanearlierage.Thosewhokillthemselvesoftenthink"it'llmakeiteasierfortheparentsbynotbeingthere".

ThedeepermysteryiswhytheuniversalanguishofgrowingupshouldhavesuchparticularlydevastatingeffectsinAustralia.OneansweristhatthecountryallowseasieraccesstogunsthanmostotherdevelopedAsiancountries.(OneexceptionisneighboringNewZealand,wheregunsareaseasytofind,andthesuiciderateamongy

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

Eatingfishandwalnutsmayhelpkeepourspiritsup,becausetheycontains______.

15.

BeforeRachelSasserreluctantlydatedwithhim,sheknewherboyfriend______.

A.isverycharmingandromantic

B.pleasesgirlsbytellingromanticstories

C.datedwithatmost5girls

D.hastherichexperiencewithgirls

16.

Predictiveprofiling,anunconventionalidea,involvesguessingwhoislikelytocommitacrime.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

______firstmadeMarkTwainknownalloverthecountry.

18.What'ssomysteriousaboutbackproblems?

A.Theimpossibilitytomeasuretheintensityofthepain.

B.Theunknownoriginofthepain.

C.Thedisconnectbetweenspinedefectsandpain.

D.Thelowpercentageofpeoplewithabnormaldiscsamongthehealthy.

19.

Flossing,anessentialpartofthetooth-cleaningprocess,removesplaquebetweenteethandatthegumline,thebreedinggroundfor______.

20.Whenyourequestcash,themoneymoveselectronicallyfromyouraccounttothehost'saccountto______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(34)

A.GrowthofviolenceonTV.

B.Destructivethreatfromnuclearexplosives.

C.Decreasingofmoralstandards.

D.Alloftheabove.

22.(22)

A.Becausehethoughthewastedmuchtime.

B.Becausehedoesn'tunderstandthewoman'sexplanation.

C.Becausehewatchedonlyoneprogram.

D.Becausehewassobored.

23.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Goodafternoon,Madam.CanIhelpyou?

W:Oh,Yes,Please.Iboughtthispairofleathershoesformyhusbandtheotherday.Theyaresmart,aren'tthey?Buthedoesn'tlikethecolor.Haveyougotblackones?

Q:Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?

(18)

A.Toreturntheshoesandgettherefund.

B.Tobuyanotherpairofshoes.

C.Tochangetheshoesforanotherstyle.

D.Tochangetheshoesforadifferentcolor.

24.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Whydidn'tyouhaveyourastronomyclasstoday?

W:Onlyfiveoutofaclassoftwenty-fiveshowedup.Sincetheprofessorhadplannedtopresentacomplexdemonstration,hedecidedtocanceltheclassuntileverybodycouldbepresent.

Q:Whydidn'ttheastronomyclassmeettoday?

(17)

A.Theclassthoughtthedemonstrationwastoocomplex.

B.Toomanystudentsshowedup.

C.Theprofessordidn'tshowup.

D.Theprofessorcancelledit.

25.

【B6】

26.聽(tīng)力原文：M:I'mexhausted!Iwasuptillthreea.m.watchingRomeoandJuliet.Itwasgreat!

W:Oh,Imissedit!Youshould'vecalledme.I'lltakethoseoldclassicsovermodemmoviesanytime.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(15)

A.Themanshouldnothavestayedupsolate.

B.Shelikestogotoseenewfilms.

C.Shewantstogotoafilmwiththeman.

D.Sheprefersoldfilmstonewones.

27.聽(tīng)力原文：IntheUnitedStates,tobaccocompanieshavehadtopaylargeamountsofmoneytopeoplewhodevelopeddeadlydiseasescausedbysmokingcigarettes.Fastfoodcompanieshavebecomethenexttargetoflegalaction.

SomepeoplehavebroughtlegalactionagainstMcDonald'sandotherfastfoodrestaurants.Thepeoplesaidthiskindoffoodmadethemfatandsick.Thelawsuitschargedthatfastfoodcompanieshavenotwarnedpeoplethatthiskindoffoodcouldbeharmful.Thereareaboutone-hundred-seventy-thousandfastfoodrestaurantsinAmerica.Theysellfoodthatishighinfat,sugarandcalories.Thesefoodsincludemeatsandwichescalledhamburgers,potatoescookedinoilandsweetdrinks.

Onemanchargedthatthiskindoffoodcausedhimtohaveheartattacksanddiabetes.Severalfamiliessaidtheirchildrengotfatandalsodevelopeddiabetes.Oneoftheseteenagersweightsone-hundred-eightykilograms.However,afederaljudgeinNewYorkCitylaterdismissedtheteenagers'caseagainstMcDonald's.

SomeexpertssayAmericansarethefattestpeopleintheworld.Twoyearsago,thetopgovernmentdoctorreportedanincreaseinthenumberofAmericanswhoaretoofat.DavidSatchersaidalmostsixtypercentofAmericanadultsweightoomuch.DoctorSatcheralsosaidthirteenpercentofAmericanchildrenaretoofat.Hesaidthefastfoodindustry,schoolandgovernmentagenciesshouldchangetheirpolicies.Hesaidextremeoverweightcouldbecomethenation'sleadingcauseofpreventabledeath.

(30)

A.170,000.00B.117,000.00C.100,070.00D.100,017.00

28.【B7】

29.

【B8】

30.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Afewyearsagoitwas【B1】______tospeakofagenerationgap,adivisionbetweenyoungpeopleandtheirelders.Parents【B2】______thatchildrendidnotshowthemproperrespectand【B3】______whilechildrencomplainedthattheirparentsdidnotunderstandthematall.Whathadgonewrong?Whyhadthe【B4】______gapsuddenlyappeared?【B5】______,thegenerationgaphasbeenaroundforalongtime.Many【B6】______arguethatitisbuiltintothefabricofoursociety.

Oneimportantcauseofthegenerationgapistheopportunitythatyoungpeoplehavetochoosetheirownlife-styles.Inmore【B7】______societies,whenchildrengrowup,theyareexpectedtoliveinthesameareaastheirparents,tomarrypeoplethattheirparentsknowand【B8】______of,andoftentocontinuethefamilyoccupation.Inoursociety,youngpeopleoftentravelgreatdistancesfortheireducations,moveoutofthefamilyhomeatanearlyage,marryorlivewith【B9】______.

Inourupwardlymobilesociety,parentsoftenexpecttheirchildrentodobetterthantheydid:tofindbetterjobs,tomakemoremoney,andtodoallthethingsthattheywereunabletodo.Often,however,【B10】______.

Finally,thespeedatwhichchangestakeplaceinoursocietyisanothercauseofthegapbetweenthegenerations.Inatraditionalculture,【B11】______.

【B1】

31.聽(tīng)力原文：W：ThereportsaysallthedepartmentsaremakingaprofitexcepttheAsianDepartment．

M：Well，Mr.Smithseemstobethewrongpersontoheadthatdepartment.Onemorestepwrongandhewouldberemovedfromtheoffice．

Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

(19)

A.Mr.Smithwillbereplacedifhemakesanothermistake.

B.Mr.SmithisanadmirablechiefoftheAsianDepartment.

C.Mr.Smith'sdepartmentismoresuccessfulthanalltheothers.

D.Mr.Smithisseldominhisoffice.

32.【B4】

33.

【B7】

34.聽(tīng)力原文：W:CouldyoupleaseexplaintheassignmentforMonday,Mr.Smith?

M:Certainly.Readthenextchapterinyourtextbookandcometoclasspreparedtodiscusswhatyou'veread.

Q:Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

(16)

A.Boss-Secretary.

B.Client-Lawyer.

C.Student-Teacher.

D.Patient-Nurse.

35.

【B4】

36.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Tony,whoarethestreetpeople?Howdidtheygettobelivinginthestreet?

M:Well,someofthemlosttheirjobs,someofthemhavementalproblems,andsomeofthemdrink.

Q:WhichofthefollowingfactorsisNOTmentionedasacauseofbecomingstreetpeople?

(16)

A.Unemployment.

B.Familybreakup.

C.Mentalproblems.

D.Drinking.

37.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽(tīng)力原文：Fullfacetransplantarenolongersciencefictionfantasy,aleadingsurgeonhassaid,addingthattheyaretechnicallyfeasiblebutmorallycomplex.PeterButlerfromLondon'sRoyalFreeHospitalcalledforadebateonthemoralityofsuchanoperationmadepossiblebynewdrugswhichstopthebody'simmunesystemrejectingatransplantedface."Itisnot'canwedoit?'but'shouldwedoit?',"hetoldtheBBC."Thetechnicalpartisnotcomplex,butIdon'tthinkthat'sgoingtobetheverygreatdifficulty...Themoraldebateisobviouslygoingtohavetotakeplacebeforethefirstfacialtransplantation."

TheBritishAssociationofPlasticSurgeonswilldiscussthemicrosurgicalprocedure,whichcouldgivenewskin,bone,nose,chill,lipsandearsfromdiseaseddonorstopatientsdisfiguredbyaccidents,burnsorcancer.Butsurgeonscouldhavetroublefindingenoughwillingdonors.Butlersaidhissurveyofdoctors,nursesandmembersofthepublicshowedmostwouldacceptafacetransplantbutfewwerewillingtodonatetheirownafterdying.

Despiteanumberofmoralconcerns,ChristinePiff,whofoundedthecharityLet'sFaceItaftersufferingararefacialcancer25yearsago,welcomedthepossibilityoffacetransplants.Sherejectedtheideathattheprocedurewouldmeanpeoplewouldenduplivingwithadeadperson'sface."Therearesomanypeoplewithoutfaces,Ihavehalfaface..,butweareallsomuchmorethanjustaface...youdon'ttakeontheirpersonality.Youarestillyou,"shetoldreporters."Ifwecandonateotherorgansofthebody,thenwhynottheface?Ican'tseeanythingwrongwithit."

Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.Whatmakestheoperationoffacetransplantpossible?

27.Whatisthebiggestobstaclethatstaysinthewayoffacialtransplantation?

28.Whataremostpeople'sopinionoffacetransplant?

(27)

A.Newdrugs.

B.Settleddebate.

C.Skillfulsurgeons.

D.Advancedequipment.

38.(28)

A.Entirelyeffective.

B.Totallyincorrect.

C.Acompletefailure.

D.Quitedifficult

39.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Oursleeptimeoverthepastcenturyhasbeen【B1】______byalmost20percent.

Generally,adultsneedtosleeponehourforeverytwohours【B2】______,whichmeansthatmostneedabouteighthoursofsleepanight.Ofcourse,somepeopleneedmoreandsomeless.Childrenandteenagersneedanaverageofabouttenhours.

Thebrainkeepsanexact【B3】______ofhowmuchsleepitisowed.MycolleaguesandI【B4】______thetermsleepdebtbecause【B5】______lostsleepislikea【B6】______debt:itmustbepaidback.Ifyougetanhourlessthanafullnight'ssleep,youcarryanhourofsleepdebtintothenextdayandyour【B7】______tofallasleepduringthedaytimebecomesstronger.

Duringafive-day【B8】______,ifyougetsixhoursofsleepeachnightinsteadoftheeightyouneeded,【B9】______.Becausesleepdebtaccumulatesinanadditivefashion,【B10】______Fromthisperspective,sleepinguntilnoononSaturdayisnotgettingenoughtopaybackthetenlosthoursaswellasmeetyournightlyrequirementofeight;youwouldhavetosleepuntilabout5p.m.tobalancethesleepledger.【B11】______.

【B1】

40.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽(tīng)力原文：M：Doyouwanttoturnontheairconditioneroropenthewindow?

W：Ilovefreshair,ifyoudon'tmind.

Q：Whatcanbeinferredfromthewoman'sanswer?

(12)

A.She'dliketohavethewindowopen.

B.Shelikestohavetheairconditioneron.

C.Theairisheavilypolluted.

D.Thewindowisalreadyopen.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

WhydoestheauthorassertthatallthingsAmericanarefascinatingtoforeigners?

A.BecausetheyhavegainedmuchpublicitythroughtheAmericanmedia

B.Becausetheyrepresenttheworld'slatestfashions

C.Becausetheyembodythemostsophisticatedtechnology

D.Becausetheyareavailableatalltouristdestinations

42.

Thepassagesuggeststhatinfor-profitorganizations_______.

A.thereisnoendofconflict

B.expressionofdifferentopinionsisencouraged

C.decisionsmustbejustifiable

D.successliesingeneralagreement

43.FreshwaterlifeitselfhasnevercomeeasyintheMiddleEast.EversinceTheOldTestament(舊約全書(shū)),Godpunishedmanwith40daysand40nightsofrain.WatersuppliesherehavebeendwindlingTherainfallonlycomesinwinteranddrainsquicklythroughthesemiaridland,leavingthesoiltohakeandtothirstfornextNovember.

Theregion'sacceleratingpopulation,expandingagriculture,industrialization,andhigherlivingstandardsdemandmorefreshwater.Droughtandpollutionlimititsavailability.Warandmismanagementwasteit.SaidJoyceStartoftheGlobalWaterSummitInitiative,basedinWashington,D.C."NationslikeIsraelandJordanareswiftlyslidingintothatzonewheretheyaresuingallthewaterresourcesavailabletothem.Theyhaveonly15to20yearsleftbeforetheiragriculture,andultimatelytheirfoodsecurity,isthreatened."

Icameheretoexaminethiscrisisinthemaking,toinvestigatefearsthat"waterwars"areimminent,thatwaterhasreplacedoilastheregion'smostcontentiouscommodity.FormorethantwomonthsItraveledthroughthreerivervalleysandsevennations--fromsouthernTurkeydowntheEuphratesRivertoSyria,Iraq,andontoKuwait;toIsraelandJordan,neighborsacrossthevalleyoftheJordan;tothetimelessEgyptianNile.

Evenamidthescarcitytherearehavesandhave-nots.ComparedwiththeUnitedStates,whichin1990hadfreshwaterpotentialof10,000cubicmeters(2.6milliongallons)ayearforeachcitizen,Iraqhad5,500,Turkeyhad4,000,andSyriahadmorethan2,800.Egypt'spotentialwasonly1,100.Israelhad460.Jordanhadameager260.Butthesearenotfirmfigures,becauseupstreamuseofriverwatercandramaticallyalterthepotentialdownstream.

Scarcityisonlyoneclementofthecrisis,Inefficiencyisanother,asisthereluctanceofsomewater-poornationstochangeprioritiesfromagriculturetolesswater-intensiveenterprises.Someexpertssuggestthatifnationswouldsharebothwatertechnologyandresources,theycouldsatisfytheregion'spopulation,currently159million.Butinthispatchworkofethnicandreligiousrivalries,waterseldomstandsaloneasanissue.Itisentangledinthepoliticsthatkeeppeoplefromtrustingendseekinghelpfromoneanother.Here,wherewater,liketruth,isprecious,eachnationtendstofinditsownwaterendsupplyitsowntruth.

AsIsraelihydrologyprofessorUriShamirtoldme:"Ifthereispoliticalwillforpeace,waterwillnotbeahindrance.Ifyouwantreasonstofight,waterwillnotbeahindrance.Ifyouwantreasonstofight,waterwillgiveyouampleopportunities."

Whydoestheauthorusethephrase"fornextNovember"(Line3,Para.1)?

A.AccordingtotheOldTestamentfreshwaterisavailableonlyinNovember.

B.RainfallcomesonlyinwinterstartingfromNovember.

C.RunningwatersystemswillnotbereadyuntilnextNovember.

D.ItisacustominthatregionthatirrigationtocropsisdoneonlyinNovember.

44.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

IonceknewadognamedNewtonwhohasauniquesenseofhumor.WheneverItossedoutaFrisbee(飛碟)forhimtochase,he'dtakeoffinhotpursuitbutthenseemtolosetrackofit.Movingbackandforthonlyayardortwofromthetoy,Newtonwouldlookailaround,evenUpintothetrees.Heseemedgenuinelypuzzled.Finally,I'dgiveupandheadintothefieldtohelphimout.ButnosoonerwouldIgetwithin10ft.ofhimthanhewouldruninvariablystraightovertotheFrisbee,grabitandstartrunninglikemad,lookingoverhisshoulderwithwhatlookedsuspiciouslylikeagrin.

Justabouteverypetownerhasastorylikethisandiseagertoshareitwithanyonewhowilllisten.Onveryshortnotice,TIMEreporterscameupwith25storiesaboutwhateachisconvincedisthesmartestpetintheworld.Amongthem:thecatwhoclosesthedoorbehindhimwhenhegoesintothebathroom;thecatwhousesatoiletinsteadofalitterbox...andflushesitafterward;thedogwhogoeswildwhenheseeshisownerputtingonbluejeansinsteadofadressbecausejeansmeanitistimetoplay;andthecatwhousedtowaitpatientlyatthebusstopeverydayforalittlegirl,thenwalkhersixblockshome.Andsoon.

Thesebehaviorsarecertainlyclever,butwhatdotheymean?IsNewtonreallydeceiving?Canacatreallydesireprivacyinthetoilet?Inshort,dohouseholdpetsreallyhaveamentalandemotionallife?Theirownersthinkso,butanimal-behavior.expertswouldhavegonemadonhearingsuchaquestion.Theworstsinintheirmoralvocabularyisanthropomorphism(擬人化),projectinghumantraitsontoanimals.Adogoracatmightbehaveasifitwereangry,lonely,sad,happyorconfused,butthatisonlyintheeyeoftheviewer.Whatisgoingon,theyinsist,isthatthedogorcathasbeenconditioned,throughaperhapsunintentionalseriesofpunishmentsandrewards,tobehavecertainway.Thebehavior.isamechanicalresultofthetraining.

Newtonseemedpuzzledaboutnotknowing______.

45.Formostpeople,fatisaburden.Itdoesn'treallymatterwhereitappears,wejustdon'twantit.Butitturnsoutthatourbodiesalsomakeauniqueform.offattissuethatbehavesremarkablyunlikeanyother:ratherthanstoringexcessenergy,thisfatactuallyburnsthroughit.It'scalledbrownfatandhealthexpertsconfirmforthefirsttimethathealthyadultshavestoresofthistissue,whichresearchershopetostudyfurtherasapotentialnewweight-losstreatment.

Humannewbornshavebeenknowntohaveanysignificantdepositsofbrownfat,socalledbecauseofitsabnormallyhighconcentrationofdark---coloredmitochondria(線粒體),theenginesthatsustaincellactivity.Theprimarypurposeofbrownfatistoregulatebodytemperature:themitochondria-packedcellsaredesignedtoburnhighquantitiesofsugar,andreleasethatenergyasheatamechanismthatnewbornsrelyontokeepthemselvestoasty.

Aspeopleage,however,thebodybecomesbetteratregulatingtemperature,sobrown-fatstoresshrinkandwhitefatstartstoemerge.AresearchteaminSwedenhasfoundthathealthyadultsretainasizableamountoffatinthefrontandbackoftheneckexpressingthesameproteinsasbrownfat.

Identifyingthepresenceofbrownfatisonething,butactivatingittoburnmoresugarisanother.Twostudiesconfirmedthatbrown-fatcellsbecomemoreactiveinthecold.ButbeforeweconsiderjoiningthePolarBearClub,canbrownfatactuallycauseweightloss?Brownfatmayindeedallowapersontoburnmorecalories(卡路里)withthesameamountofconsumption.Onthebasisofanimalmodels,researcherscalculatethat50gofbrownfatcouldburnabout20%dailycalorieanaveragepersontakesin.Leanerpeopletendedtohavemorebrown-fatdepositsthanoverweightindividuals.Interestingly,womenwere'twiceaslikelyasmentohaveactivebrownfat.

Still,thefindingsdon'tnecessarilymeanthatactivatingbrownfatleadstoaslimmerwaist.Foronething,thebodyisespeciallygoodatmaintainingbalance,whichiswhyaboostincalorie-burningcanoftenmakeithungersignalandpromptpeopletoeatmoretomakeupfortheloss.Andevenifdrugcompaniescouldfindawaytoactivate(刺激)brownfatsafely,thatexcessactivitycouldthrowoffothermetabolic(新陳代謝的)systemsanddamageyourhealth.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoPara.1?

A.Allthepeopledon'tlikefatatall.

B.Allfatisakindoftissuestoringexcessenergy.

C.Brownfathasauniquefunctionthatanyotherfatissuedoesn'thave.

D.Brownfatcanprovideanewwaytoloseweight.

46.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

You'veheardthesaying,"Youarewhatyoueat."Butdidyouknowthatwhatyouthinkisequallyasimportant?Infact,apositiveoutlookonlifeisoneofthemostimportantthingswecandotokeepourbrainhealthyandreadyforlearning.Howweviewourselves,howweperceivetheworldaroundus,andhowweinteractwithotherscanhaveprofoundeffectsonouroverallwell-beingandonourbrains.Thegoodnewsisthatallofthesearecompletelywithinourcontrol.Nomatterwhatchallengesweface,wecanch