2022年-2023年考研英語一真題及答案

2022年考研英語一真題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumbered

blankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition(1)

manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour

(2)inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh(3).

(4),whydowetrustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood.(5)people

placetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,a

hormonethat__(6)pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthatleads

sheeptoflocktogetherforsafetyandpromptshumansto(7)withone

another.SwissScientistshavefoundthatexposure(8)thishormoneputsusina

trusting(9):Inastudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthe

subjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneyto

strangersthanweretheir(10)whoinhaledsomethingelse.

(11)forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay(12)

us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate

(13)acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach(14)

toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,"What'sinhere?^^

beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,€tWow!^^Eachsubjectwas

theninvitedtolook(15).Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf

(16)thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad(17)them.

Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere(18)to

cooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhis

leadership.(19),onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe"(20)ntester

participatedinafollow-upactivity.

1.A.onB.likeC.forD.from

2.A.faithB.concernC.attentionD.interest

3.A.benefitB.debtC.hopeD.price

4.A.ThereforeB.ThenC.InsteadD.Again

5.A.UntilB.UnlessC.AlthoughD.When

6.A.selectsB.producesC.appliesD.maintains

7.A.consultB.competeC.connectD.compare

8.A.atB.byC.ofD.to

9.A.contextB.moodC.periodD.circle

10.A.counterpartsB.substitutesC.colleaguesD.supporters

11.A.FunnyB.LuckyC.OddD.Ironic

12.A.monitorB.protectC.surpriseD.delight

13.A.betweenB.withinC.towardD.over

14.A.transferredB.addedC.introducedD.entrusted

15.A.outB.backC.aroundD.inside

16.A.discoveredB.provedC.insistedD.remembered

17.A.betrayedB.wrongedC.fooledD.mocked

18.A.forcedB.willingC.hesitantD.entitled

19.A.IncontrastB.AsaresultC.OnthewholeD.Forinstance

20.A.inflexibleB.incapableC.unreliableD.Unsuitable

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWER

SHEET.（40points）

Text1

Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobably

gounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:Whathappenswhentherobots

comefortheirjobs?

Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskof

beingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclass

disproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon't

appealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financialadvice,

softwareengineering-havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichownthe

robots,sotheywillbefine.

Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhas

benefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowellforLuddites

whosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedliving

standardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshould

eventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfree

workersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmay

needalotofhelpadjusting.

Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecond

MachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums-from

grammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmore

oncreativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjob

offosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.

Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingand

instructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodoso

withoutgoingintodebt.

ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.to

reviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.In

previouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransition

bydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprinters

andvirtualrealityhaven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthat

willinventthem.

Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincome

andlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxeson

low-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometax

creditshouldbeexpanded:Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,reward

companiesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.

Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,

yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedby

automation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.But

policiestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.

21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?

A.Leadingpoliticians.

B.Low-wagelaborers.

C.Robotowners.

D.Middle-classworkers.

22.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor'sview?

A.Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.

B.Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.

C?Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled

D.Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided

23.Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison.

A.creativepotential.

B.job-huntingskills.

C.individualneeds.

D,cooperativespirit.

24.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat.

A.encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.

B.increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.

C.easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.

D.preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.

25.Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith?

A.opposingviewsonit.

B.possiblesolutionstoit.

C.itsalarmingimpacts.

D.itsmajorvariations.

Text2

AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoung

AmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump'suseofTwitter.Theimplicationisthat

MillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Not

apresident'ssocialmediaplatform.

MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthas

risentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.

Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2022presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarter

ofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwas

fakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzz

FeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthe

mediagiant.

Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulat

separatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurvey

ofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse"distributedtrust"toverify

stories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferent

perspectives-especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias."Manyyoungpeople

assumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactively

seekingoutopposingviewpoints/9thesurveyconcluded.

Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2022surveyconductedin

Australia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison

foundthatyoungpeople'srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpolitical

engagement.

Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyand

immediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheir

valuesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassing

alonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenby

Americansforthefakenewsphenomenonis"readererror,"moresothanmade-up

storiesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenews

liesin"misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inother

words,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue."This

indicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem/9says

RoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.

Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyreveala

mentaldisciplineinthinkingskills-andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocial

media.

26.AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubts

on

A.thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.

B.people'spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.

C.theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.

D.socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.

27.Thephrase“beerup”(Line2,Pardo?密finmeaningto

A.sharpen

B.define

C.boast

D.share

28.Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople

A.tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace.

B.verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.

C.havesstrongsenseofresponsibility.

D.liketoexchangeviewson"distributedtrust"

29.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis

A.readersoutdatedvalues.

B.journalists'biasedreporting

C.readers1misinterpretation

D.journalists'made-upstories.

30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline

B.ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend

C.TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.

D.ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.

Text3

Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain's

NationalHealthService(NHS)andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatboth

sidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence(AI)companies

intheworld.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcould

alsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.ItIsagainstthat

backgroundthattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedher

damningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhanded

overtoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsIn2022onthebasisofavague

agreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients'rightsandtheir

expectationsofprivacy.

DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Further

arrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbe

carefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedof

patientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.Therearelessonsaboutinformed

patientconsenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhe

mostimportant.Ms.DenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust,since

underexistinglawitucontrolled^^thedataandDeepMindmerely“processed"it.B

thisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,notthemere

possessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.

Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatour

livesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividual

fromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthewaythesurveillance

economyworks.Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonlywhenitis

comparedwiththedataofcountlessmillionsmore.

Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightly

maladapted.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.Itisnotenoughtosaythat

thealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmatters

isthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublic

resources.Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,bigdata

maybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.Wearestillatthebeginningof

thisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequences

later.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism.Ms.

Denham'sreportisawelcomestart.

31.WhatistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?

A.Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.

B.Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatienfsrights.

C.Itfellshortofthelatter'sexpectations

D.Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.

32.TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham'sverdictwith

A.emptypromises.

B.toughresistance.

C.necessaryadjustments.

D.sincereapologies.

33.TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that

A.privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts.

B.leakingpatients'dataisworsethansellingit.

C.makingprofitsfrompatients'dataisillegal.

D.thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit

34.Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdealis.

A.theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.

B.theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.

C.theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.

D.themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.

35.Theauthor*sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis

A.ambiguous.

B.cautious.

C.appreciative.

D.contemptuous.

Text4

TheU.S.PostalService(USPS)continuestobleedredink.Itreportedanetloss

of$5.6billionforfiscal2022,the10thstraightyearitsexpenseshaveexceeded

revenue.Meanwhile,ithasmorethan$120billioninunfundedliabilities,mostlyfor

employeehealthandretirementcosts.Therearemanybankruptcies.Fundamentally,

theUSPSisinahistoricsqueezebetweentechnologicalchangethathaspermanently

decreaseddemandforitsbread-and-butterproduct,first-classmail,andaregulatory

structurethatdeniesmanagementtheflexibilitytoadjustitsoperationstothenew

reality

Andinterestgroupsrangingfrompostalunionstogreeting-cardmakersexert

self-interestedpressureontheUSPS'sultimateoverseer-Congress-insistingthat

whateverelsehappenstothePostalService,aspectsofthestatusquotheydependon

getprotected.Thisiswhyrepeatedattemptsatreformlegislationhavefailedinrecent

years,leavingthePostalServiceunabletopayitsbillsexceptbydeferringvital

modernization.

Nowcomeswordthateveryoneinvolved-Democrats,Republicans,thePostal

Service,theunionsandthesystem'sheaviestusers-hasfinallyagreedonaplanto

fixthesystem.LegislationismovingthroughtheHousethatwouldsaveUSPSan

estimated$28.6billionoverfiveyears,whichcouldhelppayfornewvehicles,among

othersurvivalmeasures.Mostofthemoneywouldcomefromapenny-per-letter

permanentrateincreaseandfromshiftingpostalretireesintoMedicare.Thelatterstep

wouldlargelyoffsetthefinancialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretireehealthcare,

thusaddressingalong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunion.

IfitclearstheHouse,thismeasurewouldstillhavetogetthroughtheSenate-

wheresomeoneisboundtopointoutthatitamountstothebare,bareminimum

necessarytokeepthePostalServiceafloat,notcomprehensiverefbnn.There'sno

changetocollectivebargainingattheUSPS,amajoromissionconsideringthat

personnelaccountsfor80percentoftheagency'scosts.Alsomissingisany

discussionofeliminatingSaturdayletterdelivery.Thatcommon-sensechangeenjoys

widepublicsupportandwouldsavetheUSPS$2billionperyear.Butpostal

special-interestgroupsseemtohavekilledit,atleastintheHouse.Theemerging

consensusaroundthebillisasignthatlegislatorsaregettingfrightenedabouta

politicallyembarrassingshort-termcollapseattheUSPS.Itisnot,however,asign

thatthey'regettingseriousabouttransformingthepostalsystemforthe21stcentury.

36.ThefinancialproblemwiththeUSPSiscausedpartlyby?

A.itsunbalancedbudget.

B.itsrigidmanagement.

C.thecostfortechnicalupgrading.

D.thewithdrawalofbanksupport.

37.AccordingtoParagraph2,theUSPSfailstomodernizeitselfdueto.

A.theinterferencefrominterestgroups.

B.theinadequatefundingfromCongress.

C.theshrinkingdemandforpostalservice.

D.theincompetenceofpostalunions.

38.Thelong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunionscanbeaddressed

by」

A.removingitsburdenofretireehealthcare.

B.makingmoreinvestmentinnewvehicles.

C.adoptinganewrate-increasemechanism.

D.attractingmorefirst-classmailusers.

39.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstoviewlegislatorswith.

A.respect.

B.tolerance.

C.discontent.

D.gratitude.

40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheUSPSStartstoMissItsGoodOldDays

B.ThePostalService:KeepAwayfromMyCheese

C.TheUSPS:ChronicIllnessRequiresaQuickCure

D.ThePostalServiceNeedsMorethanaBand-Aid

PartB

Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions

4L45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherent

articlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothe

numberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A].InDecemberof1869,Congressappointedacommissiontoselectasite

andprepareplansandcostestimatesforanewStateDepartmentBuilding.The

commissionwasalsotoconsiderpossiblearrangementsfortheWarandNavy

Departments.TothehorrorofsomewhoexpectedaGreekRevivaltwinofthe

TreasuryBuildingtobeerectedontheothersideoftheWhiteHouse,theelaborate

FrenchSecondEmpirestyledesignbyAlfredMullettwasselected,andconstruction

ofabuildingtohouseallthreedepartmentsbeganinJuneof1871.

[B].Completedin1875,theStateDepartment'ssouthwingwasthefirsttobe

occupied,withitselegantfour-storylibrary(completedin1876),Diplomatic

ReceptionRoom,andSecretary^officedecoratedwithcarvedwood,Orientalrugs,

andstenciledwallpatterns.TheNavyDepartmentmovedintotheeastwingin1879,

whereelaboratewallandceilingstencilingandmarquetryfloorsdecoratedtheoffice

oftheSecretary.

[C].TheState,War,andNavyBuilding,asitwasoriginallyknown,housedthe

threeExecutiveBranchDepartmentsmostintimatelyassociatedwithformulatingand

conductingthenation'sforeignpolicyinthelastquarterofthenineteenthcenturyand

thefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury-theperiodwhentheUnitedStatesemergedas

aninternationalpower.Thebuildinghashousedsomeofthenation'smostsignificant

diplomatsandpoliticiansandhasbeenthesceneofmanyhistoricevents.

[D].Manyofthemostcelebratednationalfigureshaveparticipatedinhistorical

eventsthathavetakenplacewithintheEEOB'sgranitewalls.TheodoreandFranklin

D.Roosevelt,WilliamHowardTaft,DwightD.Eisenhower,LyndonB.Johnson,

GeraldFord,andGeorgeH.W.Bushallhadofficesinthisbuildingbeforebecoming

president.Ithashoused16SecretariesoftheNavy,21SecretariesofWar,and24

SecretariesofState.WinstonChurchilloncewalkeditscorridorsandJapanese

emissariesmetherewithSecretaryofStateCordellHullafterthebombingofPearl

Harbor.

[E].TheEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuilding(EEOB)commandsaunique

positioninboththenationalhistoryandthearchitecturalheritageoftheUnitedStates.

DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheTreasury,AlfredB.Mullett,itwasbuilt

from1871to1888tohousethegrowingstaffsoftheState,War,andNavy

Departments,andisconsideredoneofthebestexamplesofFrenchSecondEmpire

architectureinthecountry.

[F].Constructiontook17yearsasthebuildingslowlyrosewingbywing.When

theEEOBwasfinished,itwasthelargestofficebuildinginWashington,withnearly2

milesofblackandwhitetiledcorridors.Almostalloftheinteriordetailisofcastiron

orplaster;theuseofwoodwasminimizedtoinsurefiresafety.Eightmonumental

curvingstaircasesofgranitewithover4,000individuallycastbronzebalustersare

cappedbyfourskylightdomesandtwostainedglassrotundas.

[G].ThehistoryoftheEEOBbeganlongbeforeitsfoundationswerelaid.The

firstexecutiveofficeswereconstructedbetween1799and1820.Aseriesoffires

(includingthosesetbytheBritishin1814)andovercrowdedconditionsledtothe

constructionoftheexistingTreasuryBuilding.In1866,theconstructionoftheNorth

WingoftheTreasuryBuildingnecessitatedthedemolitionoftheStateDepartment

building.

4.45.

SectionIIITranslation

Directions:Readthefallowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlined

segmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Shakespeare^lifetimewascoincidentwithaperiodofextraordinaryactivity

andachievementinthedrama.(46)BythedateofhisbirthEuropewaswitnessingthe

passingofthereligiousdrama,andthecreationofnewformsundertheincentiveof

classicaltragedyandcomedy.Thesenewformswereatfirstmainlywrittenby

scholarsandperformedbyamateurs,butinEngland,aseverywhereelseinwestern

Europe,thegrowthofaclassofprofessionalactorswasthreateningtomakethe

dramapopular,whetheritshouldbeneworold,classicalormedieval,literaryor

farcical.Court,schoolorganizationsofamateurs,andthetravelingactorswereall

rivalsinsupplyingawidespreaddesirefordramaticentertainment;and(47)noboy

whowentagrammarschoolcouldbeignorantthatthedramawasaformofliterature

whichgaveglorytoGreeceandRomeandmightyetbringhonortoEngland.

WhenShakespearewastwelveyearsold,thefirstpublicplayhousewasbuiltin

London.Foratimeliteratureshowednointerestinthispublicstage.Playsaimingat

literarydistinctionwerewrittenforschoolorcourt,orfbrthechoirboysofSt.PauPs

andtheroyalchapel,who,however,gaveplaysinpublicaswellasatcourt.(48)but

theprofessionalcompaniesprosperedintheirpermanenttheaters,anduniversitymen

withliteratureambitionswerequicktoturntothesetheatersasofferingameansof

livelihood.BythetimeShakespearewastwenty-five,Lyly,Peele,andGreenehad

madecomediesthatwereatoncepopularandliterary;Kydhadwrittenatragedythat

crowdedthepit;andMarlowehadbroughtpoetryandgeniustotriumphonthe

commonstage-wheretheyhadplayednopartsincethedeathofEuripides.(49)A

nativeliterarydramahadbeencreated,itsalliancewiththepublicplayhouses

established,andatleastsomeofitsgreattraditionshadbeenbegun.

ThedevelopmentoftheElizabethandramaforthenexttwenty-fiveyearsisof

exceptionalinteresttostudentsofliteraryhistory,forinthisbriefperiodwemaytrace

thebeginning,growth,blossoming,anddecayofmanykindsofplays,andofmany

greatcareers.Weareamazedtodayatthemerenumberofplaysproduced,aswellas

bythenumberofdramatistswritingatthesametimeforthisLondonoftwohundred

thousandinhabitants.(50)Torealizehowgreatwasthedramaticactivity,wemust

rememberfurtherthathostsofplayshavebeenlost,andthatprobablythereisno

authorofnotewhoseentireworkhassurvived.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

51.Directions:Writeanemailtoallinternationalexpertsinyouruniversity9

invitingthemtoattendagraduationceremony.Inthisletter,you

shouldstatethetime,placeandotherinformationaboutthe

ceremony.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANWSERSHEET.

Donotsignyouownnameattheendoftheletter,use“LiMing”

instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

PartB

52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingpictures.

Inyouressay,youshould

1)describethepicturesbriefly;

2)interpretthemeaning,a