非謂語動詞講解(超全)

高二升高三英語主講Linda資中校區(qū)地址：資中縣郵政花園（新二中對面）電話質(zhì)成就品牌，品牌鑄就奇跡第25頁共25頁非謂語動詞講解(超全)非謂語動詞講解非謂語動詞:a.動詞不定式b.動名詞c.分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞)概述：1.謂語動詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語的動詞2.非謂語動詞：是動詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分非謂語動詞使用條件一個句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下,還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.動詞不定式一．動詞不定式的時態(tài)和被動形動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種，由不定式符號(to)加動詞原形構(gòu)成。不定式的形式有五種：一般式todo例如：IliketoreadEnglish.進(jìn)行式tobedoing例如：Heseemedtobereadingsomethingatthattime.完成式tohavedone例如：Heseemedtohavecleanedtheroom.被動式tobedone例如：Theworkistobedonesoon.完成被動式tohavebeendone例如：Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalyesterday.二.動詞不定式的用法I.作主語(1)不定式做主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞之前。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.(2)注：常用it做形式主語，將todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+謂語+todoIttakesusanhour_to__gettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoIt’sourduty_to_helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment_to_spendourholidayinthemountains.句型3：Itis+adj+forsbtodosth（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的）Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品質(zhì)的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.II.作賓語接不定式做賓語Iwanttoknowthismatter.Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere(1)常見動詞有：like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,forget,want,prepare,pretend,refuse,plan,afford,wish等Theywanted_toget___(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?Hesaidhewished__tobe____(be)aprofessor.(2)it作形式賓語Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.1.We

thought

_it__

better

__to_

start

early.2.Do

you

consider

_it__

better

not

_to_

go?3.

I

feel

_it_

my

duty

_to_

change

all

that.4.Wethinkit__important_to_obeythelaw.5.Iknow_it_impossible_to_finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.(3)常跟疑問詞+不定式作賓語的動詞:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain,know,discover,Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.下列詞接動名詞和不定式均可，但意義不同的動詞：stoptodo停下來去做stopdoing停止做forgettodo忘記要做forgetdoing忘記做過remembertodo記得要做rememberdoing記得做過regrettodo遺憾要做regretdoing后悔做過trytodo企圖做，盡力做trydoing試著做goontodo繼續(xù)做（另一件事）goondoing繼續(xù)做（同一件事）meantodo打算做meandoing意味做InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_A______foranotherhour.AwaitingBtowaitingCwaitDtobewaitingBoys,don'tforget_D____thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.tocloseShereachedthetopofthehillandstopped__C_____onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.restRemember_A______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff(4)在cannotbut,cannotchoose/helpbut之后接不帶to的不定式Ihavenochoicebut__towait_____.（wait）“前有do,后無to”Ican’tdoanythingbut_go______(go)outwithher.III.作賓語補(bǔ)足語1.I’ll

get

someone

_to__

repair

the

recorder

for

you.2.What

caused

him

_to__

change

his

mind?advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,encourage,force,get,hate,invite,order,wish

,want,warn,remind,promise,permit,persuade,request+sb.todo注意：（1）在動詞feel（一感），hear,listento（二聽），have,let,make（三讓），notice,see,watch,observe,lookat（五看）(即：吾看三室兩廳一感覺)等后面的補(bǔ)足語中，不定式不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，必須帶to。如：Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.Theboywasseentofalloffthetree.(2)help后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式可以帶to,也可以不帶to.Ioftenhelphim（to）cleantheroom.Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.Heisoftenheard_tosing_______(sing)thesong.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate_cry_____(cry),todayhewasmade__tocry__(cry)byhisdeskmate.IV．作定語

Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定語)不定式與它所修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?不定式用來說明所修飾詞的內(nèi)容Ihavenochancetogothere.被修飾詞是不定式的邏輯主語Sheisalwaysthelasttoleavetheroom.不定式為不及物動詞且和所修飾的名詞是動賓關(guān)系時，須加介詞1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall___A____.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife____A___?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruit

C.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.Pleasefindapieceofpapertowriteon（寫上）4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopentowritewith（寫）V.作狀語不定式作狀語可以表示目的、原因、結(jié)果。Icameheretoseeyou．Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.對比TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsagooddictionary.TolearnEnglishwell,agooddictionaryisneeded.Togetthereintime,hetoldmetogetupearly.不定式的主動形式表示被動意義Ihavesomethingimportanttodo.Intheaccident,thedriverwastoblame.Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theboxisnoteasytocarry.動名詞一.動名詞的基本構(gòu)成

主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendoneNoonelikesbeinglaughedat.Idon’trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetodoit.二.動名詞的功用⑴Smokingdoesgreatharmtopeople’shealth.（作主語）⑵Myjobislookingafterchildren.（作表語）⑶Ihavefinishedreadingthenovel.（作賓語）⑷Wehavegotaswimmingpoolinourschool.（做定語）①Itisnousecrying.②Itisnogoodobjecting常見的動詞有：admit,advise,suggest,avoid,consider,delay,deny,excuse,finish,imagine,include,keep(on),mind,,practice,miss,resist.短語:be/getusedto,can’thelp/stop,can’tstand,giveup,feellike,lookforwardto,getdownto,havedifficulty/trouble(in),bebusy(in),putoffe.g.①Shesattherewithout_speaking____(speak)②Ilookforwardto_seeing____(see)himagain.③Areyouusedto_live____(live)therealone?④Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldn'thelp_laughing____(laugh).⑤Idon’tfeellike_going____(go)toseethefilm.⑥Hewasbusy_preparing___(prepare)hislessons主動表被動:①Theroomwants_cleaning____(clean).②Themethodneeds_improving__(improve).③Thispairofshoesrequire__mending___(mend).④Theproblemneeds_workingout_(workout).⑤Thequestioniswellworth_discussing____(discuss)d）動詞“l(fā)ike,love,hate,prefer”后接動名詞表示“習(xí)慣性動作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具體動作”。當(dāng)用在should,would之后時，只跟不定式。例如：Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.Whatwouldyouliketoeattonight?動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞前可以加一個物主代詞或名詞所有格來表示這個動名詞邏輯上的主語，構(gòu)成動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或動名詞短語a.動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時一般用名詞所有格或形容詞性的物主代詞。例如：Nixon’svisitingChinamarkedanewyearbetweenU.S.andChinadiplomaticrelations.尼克松訪問中國標(biāo)志著中美外交關(guān)系進(jìn)入一個新的時代Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.b.在口語和非正式語體中，只要不是作主語，動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語常采用名詞通格或人稱代詞賓格。例如：Thedoctordoesnotmindme/myeatingalittlemeatoccasionally.分詞（一）分詞的作用現(xiàn)在分詞表示：主動，動作正在進(jìn)行。過去分詞表示：被動，動作已經(jīng)完成。1．作定語Doyouknowtheboystandingatthegate?HaveyoureadthebookwrittenbyLuXun？2．作表語Weareexcitedatthenews.Thenewshetoldusisexciting.3．作賓語補(bǔ)足語Iheardhimsingingasongintheclassroom.Wefoundthegroundcoveredwithsnow.4．作狀語Whilelyinginbed,helistenedtosomemusic.Seenfromthehill,thevillagelooksmovebeautiful.分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，否則分詞前面必須有自己的主語?，F(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動完成1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.(Whentheyheardthebadnews)3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.(Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention)4.Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.

Beingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.(Becausehewassoangry)Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.(andtheyweresinginglaughing)Toservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.(Inordertoservethepeoplewell)（二）分詞的時態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞分一般式和完成式，而過去分詞則沒有時態(tài)形式的變化?，F(xiàn)在分詞的一般式表示動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，或在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生。例如：Knowinghisunclewouldcome,hebegantomakesomepreparations.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時，表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前,常用作狀語。例如：Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.（三）現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式被動一般式beingdone被動完成式havingbeendoneThisisoneofthenewsupermarketsbeingbuiltinourcity.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hewasabletooperatethemachine.（四）分詞的否定形式分詞的否定式，由not+分詞構(gòu)成，例如：Nothavingheardthenews.Iwrotetohimagain.Notknowinghowtoworkoutthemathsproblem,Iwenttotheteacherforhelp.（五）分詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時，帶邏輯主語的分詞短語成為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句法功能上起狀語作用。例如：Weatherpermitting,theywillgoandvisitthesciencemuseum.Themeetingbeingover,theyalllefttheroom.Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.Shestoodthere,bookinhand.

Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.由Therebeing+主語這種結(jié)構(gòu)多表示原因。例如：Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.因為有許多書要讀，他經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。with+復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（1）with+名詞/代詞+形容詞Don’tspeakwithyourmouthfull.（2）with+名詞/代詞+副詞Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwiththelightson.（3）with+名詞/代詞+介詞短語Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.（4）with+名詞/代詞+-ing分詞Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.（5）with+名詞/代詞+不定式Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.（6）with+名詞/代詞+-en分詞Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.【2012全國卷II】⒑Tonylentmethemoney,___thatI’ddoasmuchforhim. A.hoping B.tohope C.hoped D.havinghoped【答案】A【2012全國卷II】⒖Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy___anythingthathappenedtobeon. A.towatch B.watching C.watched D.tohavewatched【答案】A【2012安徽】24.IrememberedthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.A.lockingB.tolockC.havinglockedD.tohavelocked【答案】B【2012安徽】30.Whenforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.A.askingB.askedC.havingaskedD.tobeasked【答案】B【2012重慶】23.______toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.A.HavingbeenaskedB.ToaskC.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked【答案】A【2012重慶】28.We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision______atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade【答案】A【2012全國】28.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather.A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permit【答案】A【2012全國】32.Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen_suchartformsasmusicandpainting.A.havingcomparedtoB.comparingtoC.comparetoD.comparedto【答案】D【2012北京】23.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand______them.A.corrects B.correct C.tocorrect D.correcting【答案】D【2012北京】27._______withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.A.Use B.Using C.Used D.Touse【答案】C【2012北京】31.______atthedoorbeforeyouentermyroom,please.A.Knock B.Knocking C.Knocked D.Toknock【答案】A【2012福建】28.ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrom________intheSouthChinaSea.A.attackingB.havingattackingC.beingattackedD.havingbeenattacked【答案】C【2012福建】34.Pressedfromhisparents,and____thathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.A.realizingB.realizedC.torealizeD.beingrealized【答案】A【2012陜西】15._______inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad.A.StandingB.TostandC.StoodD.Stand【答案】A【2012陜西】22.Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut_____anevengreaterchallenge.A.meetsB.meetingC.meetD.tomeet【答案】D【2012山東】26.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_______thathiswifehadlefthim.A.tobetoldB.tellingC.beingtoldD.told【答案】A【2012山東】35.Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope_____.A.providingB.providedC.havingprovidedD.provide【答案】B【2012湖南】21.We’vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds____toachievethefinalsuccess.A.beingdoneB.doC.tobedoneD.todo【答案】C【2012湖南】23.Time,______correctly,ismoneyinthebank.A.touseB.usedC.usingD.use【答案】B【2012湖南】31.Thelecture,_____at7:00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.A.startingB.beingstartingC.tostartD.tobestarted【答案】A【2012天津】11.Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,______thebreakfastuntouched.A.leftB.toleaveC.leavingD.havingleft【答案】C【2012江西】33.Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschool_____tothenewstudents.A.speakingB.havingspokenC.tospeakD.tohavespoken【答案】C【2012江西】35.Johnhasreallygotthejobbecauseheshowedmetheofficialletter_____himit.A.offeredB.offeringC.toofferD.tobeoffered【答案】B【2012遼寧】25.Theoldcoupleoftentak