2023年華科大考博英語寫作學(xué)生用

考博作文考博英語考試大綱實際英語應(yīng)用能力是否達成非英語專業(yè)研究生英語教學(xué)大綱中《碩士研究生英語教學(xué)與考試》規(guī)定的規(guī)定?？荚嚦煽冇糜诓┦垦芯可娜雽W(xué)選拔。

一、考試設(shè)計

本考試共分為四部分：完形填空（10％）、閱讀理解（40％）、英漢互譯（30％）和英語寫作（20％）。

1.完形填空（10％）

語言知識及綜合運用能力。測試內(nèi)容涉及詞匯的認知能力、搭配知識的掌握，句法結(jié)構(gòu)的理解和篇章閱讀、分析能力。使短文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)完整合理。

2.閱讀理解（40％）閱讀獲取信息的能力，即對閱讀材料的細節(jié)、事實、要點、作者觀點和態(tài)度的理解能力。題材涉及社會、文化、史地、科普及人物傳記等內(nèi)容，體裁涉及敘事、議論、描述、說明和應(yīng)用文等。3.英漢互譯（30％）

原文內(nèi)容涉及社會、文化、史地和科普知識.準確地翻譯成通順4.英語寫作（20％）

書面表達能力。規(guī)定考生根據(jù)給出的題目和提綱，或者根據(jù)情景或圖表自擬題目，約200單詞的短文。規(guī)定作文切題、意義連貫、文字通順，并符合英文表達習(xí)慣。寫作評分標準說明寫作測試總分為20分，評分標準采用6個檔次計分方法，即從內(nèi)容和語言表達進行全文總體評分。具體如下：17~20分內(nèi)容切題，清楚表達其內(nèi)涵；文字連貫；句式有變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞對的。文章長度符合規(guī)定。13~16分內(nèi)容切題，比較清楚地表達其內(nèi)涵；文字基本連貫；句式有一定變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞無重大錯誤。文章長度符合規(guī)定。9~12分內(nèi)容切題，基本清楚地表達其內(nèi)涵，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞有少量錯誤。文章長度符合規(guī)定。5~8分內(nèi)容基本切題，語句可以理解，但有較多的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞錯誤。文章長度基本符合規(guī)定。1~4分基本按規(guī)定寫作，但只有少數(shù)句子可理解。0分文不切題，語句混亂，無法理解。寫作知識及技巧A．抱負的段落規(guī)定是什么?1）主題 （Topic）2）統(tǒng)一 （Unity）3）連貫 （Coherence）4）清楚 （Clarity）5）完整（Completeness）6)多樣化（Variety）7)有效性（Effectiveness）B．寫作技巧（MethodsofParagraphDevelopment）1)Description2)Exemplification/Illustration3)Definition4)Classification5)CauseandEffect6)ComparisonandContrast7)Listing8)ProgressionC.Pre-writingskills1)Free-writingSomepeoplesimplyneedtostartwritingtofindafocus.Takeoutseveralsheetsofblankpaper,giveyourselfatleasttentofifteenminutes,andbeginwritingwhatevercomestomindonyoursubject.Don’tchange,correct,ordeleteanything.Ifyourunoutofthingstosay,write“Ican’tthinkofanythingtosay”untilyoucanfindanewthought.Attheendofthetimeperiodyoumaydiscoverthatbycontinuouslywritingyouwillhavewrittenyourselfintoaninterestingtopic.2)BrainstormingBrainstormingisaprewritingactivityinwhichtwoormorepeoplegettogethertoexchangeideasonagiventopic.Duringthebrainstorming,thereisusuallyonepersonwhotakesnotesasothersareengagedinconversation.Brainstormingcanbedonealoneifnootherpersonisavailablefordiscussion.Inthiscase,apersonmakesfreeassociationsaroundthegiventopic,i.e.makesarandomlistofideasassociatedwiththetopicastheyspeedthroughhismind.Inmanywaysbrainstormingisverysimilartofree-writingbecausebothenablewriterstoexplorewhattheytrulyfeelaboutatopic.However,whenseveralpeoplecometogethertodobrainstorming,ideasoftencomeoutmuchfasterthananypencanwrite,sothenotestakenorthelistmadecanonlybeverysketchy.Thenote-takermayonlyhavetimetojotdownsinglewordsorphrasessummarizingfacts,statistics,episodes,descriptions,feelings,attitudesandopinionsrelatedtothesubject.Forexample,thefollowinglististheoutcomeofabrainstormingsessionthatdiscussesChina’seducationalsystem:D.HowtoachievecoherenceInordertohavecoherenceinwritinganargumentativeessay,themovementfromonesentencetothenextmustbelogicalandsmooth.TheremustbeNOsuddenjumps.Sincethiscoherencedoesnotoccurnaturally,youshouldtakepainstoestablishit.Oneofthemainwaystoachievecoherenceistousetransitionsignalstoshowhowoneideaisrelatedtothenext.Thefollowingarethemostcommontransitionsignalsgroupedaccordingtothekindsofconnectionstheyestablish.1)Introducinganadditionalpointoridea(遞進)2)Introducinganoppositepointoridea(轉(zhuǎn)折)3)Movingfromgeneraltospecific(演繹)4)Emphasizingapoint(強調(diào))5)Restatingapoint(重述)6)Showingsequence(順序)7)Showingcauseandeffect(因果)8)Showingconnectionsintime(時間連接)9)Introducingaconclusionorsummary(結(jié)論)E．分析作文寫作對策重點放在三段式的寫作文章開頭擴展段寫法文章結(jié)尾1）開篇的寫法寫好文章或段落的開頭很重要。一般來講，文章開頭既要寫出文章的主題，又要可以引起讀者閱讀的愛好。不同的文章開頭的方式不同，常見的有以下八種：引語法(Quotation)、設(shè)問法(Questions)、數(shù)據(jù)法(Figuresandstatistics)、背景法(Relevantbackgroundinformation)、定義法(Definition)、主題句法(Topicsentence)、現(xiàn)象法（phenomenon）。（1）引語法（Quotation）：指通過在開頭段引用一些與主題相關(guān)的名人名言、成語或諺語等來開始一篇文章。引語法可應(yīng)用于各種文體。（2）提問法（Questions）:只用提出問題的方法來引出文章的主題，以激起讀者的愛好。設(shè)問法可用于各種文體。問句開頭，激發(fā)愛好（3）數(shù)據(jù)法(Figuresandstatistics)數(shù)據(jù)法就是用數(shù)字或數(shù)據(jù)開頭來引出文章的主題。數(shù)據(jù)法多用于描寫文、說明文和議論文。（4）定義法（Definition)（5）主題句法（Topicsentence)（6）現(xiàn)象法列出現(xiàn)象或背景--Nowadaysmoreandmorepeopleareshowingtheirconcernover…--Withtheadventofthenewphaseofknowledgeeconomy,theterms“…”“…”and“…”havealreadybeguntocreepintothepopularvocabulary.Noonecandenythefactthat…--Recentlytheissueof…h(huán)asarousedwideconcern--Nowadaysthereisagrowingconcernovertheissue/problem…--Inrecentyears,many…h(huán)avebeenfaced/confrontedwiththeproblem…--Oneofthemostpopulartopicspeopleoftentalkabouttodayis…--Withthe(rapid)developmentofthesociety/scienceandtechnology,moreandmore…--Withtheimprovementofpeople’slivingcondition/standard,moreandmore…2）擴展段的寫法擴展段是一篇文章的主體段。文章的主題在擴展段展開，常用的展開段落的方法有下面九種：列舉法（Listing）舉例說明法（Examples）因果關(guān)系法（Causeandeffect）定義法（Definition）分類法（Classification）比較對照法（Comparisonandcontrast）時間順序記敘法（Timeorder）空間順序描述法（Spaceorder）過程描述法（Processdescription）(1)列舉法（Listing）列舉法列舉法是指在主題句之后列舉一些足以支持主題句觀點的具體細節(jié)。這種具體細節(jié)一般是事實描述、數(shù)據(jù)、例子等。一般來講，所列舉的具體細節(jié)按照重要性遞增的順序排列。列舉法經(jīng)常和舉例法結(jié)合起來使用。列舉法常用的過渡詞有以下幾組。一般要相對呼應(yīng)，不混用。First,second,third,…lastfirstly,secondly,thirdly,…finallythefirst…,thesecond…,thethird…,…thelasttobeginwith/tostartwith/inthefirstplace,then,next,inaddition(to),besides,also,moreover,furthermore,whatismore,finally運用列舉法展開段落的寫作模式如下：TopicsentenceDetail1Detail2Detail3,…Concludingsentence(2)舉例說明法（Examples）舉例說明法是指用品體的事例來闡述主題句中的中心思想，舉例說明法常與列舉法結(jié)合使用。使用這種寫作方法要注意所選事例應(yīng)與文章主題密切相關(guān)，具有典型性和代表性。舉例法常用的句型句式和詞語有：Thiscanbeillustratedby…Anexampleofthisis/involves……canbeillustrated/shownbythefollowingexamples/instances.Therearemanyexamplestoshowthat…Oneexampleis….Anotherexampleis…The…shows/illustrates…Forexample,forinstance,say,suppose,suchas,such…as,toprovideaspecificexample,asanillustration運用舉例法展開段落常用的模式如下：TopicsentenceExample1Example2,…Concludingsentence(3)分類法（Classification）當要說明的事物比較復(fù)雜或涉及的內(nèi)容比較多時，經(jīng)常將其提成更小的類別，這便是分類法。使用這種寫作方法要注意分類的標準一定要明確，并且標準只有一個。分類法常用的句型句式有：1. …maybeclassifiedintoseveraltypesaccordingto…dividedthefollowingkindsonthebasisof…categorizedtwocategoriesdependingupon…putthreemaingroups2. …consistsof…comprises…3. Theclassificationisbasedupon…4. …maybedivided…sub-divided…furthersub-divided分類法的寫作模式如下：主題句+所分類別+各個類別的具體事例+結(jié)束句(4)比較對照法（Comparisonandcontrast）比較法是將人們熟悉的事物與其他事物放在一起分析其相似之處，比較的目的在于表現(xiàn)不同事物的相似之處；對照法則是將人們熟悉的事物與其他事物放在一起分析其不同之處，其目的在于表現(xiàn)同類事物的不同方面。兩者強調(diào)的重點不同，但結(jié)構(gòu)相似。常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種：第一種稱之為塊式結(jié)構(gòu)，假如比較的事物為A和B，文章一方面把有關(guān)事物A的所有要討論的內(nèi)容討論完，再轉(zhuǎn)入B事物。第二種結(jié)構(gòu)稱之為點式結(jié)構(gòu)，即一方面就事物A和事物B的要比較的內(nèi)容的第一方面進行比較或?qū)φ?，然后在比較或?qū)φ誂和B的第二個方面，比較與對照法Obviously,ithasbothnegativeeffectsandpositiveeffects….However,likemanyotherthings,…h(huán)asbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Manyarguethat…,whileothersmaintainthat…Thereismuchcontroversynowadaysover….Somepeopleareoftheopinionthat…,butthereareotherswho….Whilethereisagreatdealofenthusiasmnowadaysovertheadvantagesof…,itsdrawbacksshouldnotbeneglected.Foronething,….Foranother,…Thereiscertainlysometruthonbothsides.Butneither…nor…h(huán)oldsthekeytotheproblem.Inmyopinion,weshould…比較：BothAandBare…AandBseemtohavemuchincommon.AandBseemtohavesomefeaturesincommon.AissimilartoBin…TherearealotofsimilaritiesbetweenAandB.AhassomethingincommonwithB.AandBsharesimilar…AsharessomecommonfeatureswithB.AislikeBin…AisthesameasBin…Both,too,comparewith,similarly,likewise,also,incomparison,justlike,justas,also,both…and,similarto對照：AisdifferentfromBin…AdiffersfromBin…TherearemanydifferencesbetweenAandB.Ahasnothing(little)incommonwithB.ThedifferencebetweenAandBliesin…ComparedwithA,B…Unlike,onthecontrary,incontrast,ontheotherhand,while,whereas,however,although塊式結(jié)構(gòu)模式：TopicsentenceSubjectASubjectBFeature1Feature1Feature2,Feature2,Concludingsentence點式結(jié)構(gòu)模式：TopicsentenceFeature1Feature2Feature3,…SubjectASubjectASubjectASubjectBSubjectBSubjectBConcludingsentence（5）因果法因果關(guān)系法是通過度析事物的因果關(guān)系來展開段落。假如是一果多因的情況，一般先寫結(jié)果后分析多種因素；假如是一因多果，一般實現(xiàn)寫因素后寫結(jié)果。運用因果分析法展開段落最佳把主題句放在開頭，這種段落展開方法的結(jié)構(gòu)常見的有兩種：即分塊法和連環(huán)法。分塊法指的是先說因素后說結(jié)果（一個因素引起一個或多個結(jié)果）；或者先說結(jié)果后說因素（多個因素引起一個結(jié)果）。連環(huán)法指的是先敘述的一個因素及結(jié)果，再敘述第二個因素及結(jié)果，以此類推。形象一點表達，運用因果關(guān)系法展開段落常見的模式有3種：模式1TopicsentenceEffect1Effect2,…Concludingsentence模式2TopicsentenceCause1Cause2,…Concludingsentence模式3ACauseBEffectC(Cause)EffectD(Cause)EffectE(Cause)Effect因果關(guān)系常用的句型句式和詞語有：因素：Theexplanationisthat…Thereareseveralreasonswhy/for…Thecauseof…is…Thereasonsfor…are……istheresultof……iscausedby/dueto/becauseof…because,since,nowthat,becauseof,asaresultof,onaccountof,forthisreason,owingto,dueto,for,as,thanksto,resultfrom結(jié)果：Theresult/effect/consequenceof…is……willresultin…Therefore,…Asaresult(of),…Leadto,resultin,contributeto,sothat,thus,hence,consequently,so,accordingly,inviewof…文章結(jié)尾結(jié)論Therefore,wecancometoaconclusionthat…Inaword,itisimportant…Allinall….Ashasbeenmentionedabove,aconclusioncanbedrawnthatsomeeffectivestepsshouldbetakeninnotime.Forexample,….Inaddition,…Inmyopinion,Fromthispointofview,…號召性和意義Itishightimethatweurgedanimmediateendto…Onlybydoingso,canwe…展望,后果Werestassuredthat…Weonlyhopethatsomedaytherecanbeasolutiontothisproblem.F．作文經(jīng)典句型1)It+被動語態(tài)+that…

1)Itiswidelyacknowledged(recognized)thatextensivedeforestationcontributedtoheavysummerflooding.

2)Itisreportedthat800000applicantssatfortheNationalMaster’sEntranceTestin2023.

3)Itisestimatedthattwothirdsofthecitiesofourcountrieswillbeinacuteshortageoffreshwaterby2023.

4)Itisgenerallyacceptedthattopracticeeuthanasiaonapatientwhoisstillaliveisinhuman.

5)Itmustbeadmittedthatthepricewarwilldisturbthenormalorderofthemarket.(admittedly)

6)Itcannotbedeniedthattheovergrowthoftourismmaydestroytheecologicalbalanceofsomescenicresorts.

7)Itisknowntoallthatphysicalexercisescanimproveandenrichourphysicalandmentalwell-being.2)Itis+形容詞+that…

(形容詞+ly，也可)

1)Itisobvious(evident,clear,undeniable,apparent)thatthesituationiscauseddirectlybyexcessivecommercialfishing.

2)Itisunderstandable(inevitable)thatpeople’sattitudesaredivergentonthiscontroversialissue.

3)Itisunimaginable(incredible/unbelievable)thatsuchaboyof17shouldhavehadthreenovelspublished.3)Itis+形容詞+forsb(sth)todosth

1)Itisimportant(vital)foreveryonetoparticipateinphysicalexercises,fortheywilldogoodnotonlytoourbodybutalsotoourmindandpersonality.

2)Itiscurrentlydifficultforauniversitystudenttofindanidealjobuponhisgraduation,especiallythosemajoringinfundamentalcoursessuchashistoryandmathematics.

3)Itishighlynecessaryforourgovernmenttostopthecorruptionofgovernmentofficials.

4)Itisimperativethatsomethingurgentbedonetocombatthewidespreaduseofillegaldrugsamongteenagers.4)with/as“隨著”句型

1)Withtherapidgrowthofeconomy,thelivingstandardsoftheChinesepeoplehavegreatlyimproved.Manyofthemcannowaffordtobuyhousesandcars.

2)Withthegrowingnumberofcollegegraduatesbeingturnedouteachyear,thesituationinthejobmarketisgettingtighterandtighter.

3)Asindustryandagriculturedevelops,theproblemofwatershortagewillbethemoreserious.

4)Asthereformprocessofstateenterprisesspeedsup,moreandmoreworkersarelikelytobelaidoff,enteringthecompetitioninjobmarket.5)Therebe句型

1)Inthepasttenyearstherehasbeenamarkeddeclineinthenumberofyoungmarriedcoupleswhowanttohavechildren.

2)Recently,therehasbeenastrongdebateonwhetherhumanbeingsshouldbecloned.

3)Therearestillquiteanumberofchildrenwhocannotaffordtogotoschoolbecauseofpoverty.

4)AstheInternetindustrydevelops,therewillbemoreandmorepeoplesurfingontheweb.

5)Nowthereisagrowingconcernovertheheavyburden,bothacademicandpsychological,ourchildrenhavetobear.

6)Thereisnodoubtthatspaceexplorationwillgreatlyinfluenceourwayoflifeandwayofthinking.7)Thereisnoneedforpeopletoworryaboutthepossibleeffectsofdonatingblood.6)圖畫主題句型

1)Thepicturesindicatethattherehasbeensignificantchangesinthewaysofcommunicationinthelast30years.

2)Byshowing…,theexaminertriestoconveythemessagethat…

3)Throughthepicturestheauthortriestowarnusoftheseriousproblemofendangeredanimals.

4)Thepurposeofthispictureistoshowusthatdueattentionhastobepaidtothediminutionofoceanresources.

5)Thecartoondescribesaverycommonphenomenoninoursocietythat….

6)Thecartoonridicules/criticizessomeproducersandcompaniesthatoftenmakeemptypromisesintheadvertisementoftheirproducts.

7)Thepicturerevealsaseriousprobleminpublicexaminations----hiringringers,thosewhotaketestsforothers.

8)Itcanbeseeninthepicturethattwocarscollidedandthetwodriverswerequarrelingwitheachother.

9)Asshown/illustrated/canbeseen/depicted/describedinthepicture,anumberofTVmanufacturersareinfiercepricecutcompetitiontoenlargetheirshareofmarket.

10)AttheupperpartofthepicturetherearesomeChinesecharacters,whichreads“Likealamploveburnsmostbrightlyinthedarkerplaces.”7）圖表句型

1)Fromthefiguresgiveninthegraphs,welearnthattheaveragehousingspaceforcityresidentsincreasedto10squaremetersin2023.

2)Asisshowninthetable,thereexistsabigdifferencebetweenthelifeexpectanceinthedevelopedcountriesandthatinthedevelopingcountries.

3)Accordingtothecharts,China’shighereducationhasbeendevelopingrapidlywiththegrowthofthegrossdomesticproduct.

4)Thenumberofsinglepeopleestablishingtheirownhouseholdsreached/hit14percentin2023.5)Fromthetablewecanseethatwithinhalfayearof1998,atotalof532peoplebecamethevictimsoftrafficaccidents,ofwhom460wereinjuredand72killed.6)Fromthegraphwecanseethattherewereatotalof142fireaccidentsinthecityin1999,mostofwhichwerecausedbydefectiveelectricalappliances,smokersandchildrenplayingwithfire.7)Fromthechartwelearnthattheproportionofpart-timeeducationhasincreasedsubstantiallyinthelast5years.8)Thecurvegraphshowsthatthepercentageoffamilyincomehasdeclinedsharply,accountingforonly13percentofthetotal.9)Forestcoveragewasreducedfrom28percentoftotallandareain1954to12percentin1998.10)Thereisasharpincreaseintheexpensesonhousingandmedicalcare,increasingby8%and6%respectively.11)Asiaranksfirstbothinareaandinpopulationamongthesevencontinents.EuropeissecondtoAsiainpopulation,butinareaitisthelastbutone.12)Thenumberofdeathandinjurywasmorethan3timesgreaterthanthatoftheJuly.13)AndinAugustasmanyas39caraccidentswerereported,indicatinganincreaseofabout79percentascomparedwiththenumberofJanuary.14)Thepopulationroserapidlyuntilitreached600000in1990.Since1990thegrowthhascontinuedbutthepopulationhasrisenrelativelyslowly.15)Before1970thebirthrateremainedlevel.Thenin1970itfelluntilitreached30perthousandin1930.16)Afterasteadydeclineforawholedecadethecountry’sfertilityrateshowssignsoflevelingoff.8）表達“使…….變得…”的句型；make＋賓語＋形容詞；make＋形容詞＋forsbtodosth1)Thewidespreadintroductionofinformationtechnologywillmakeourworkandlifemoreconvenientandmorebeautiful.

2)Mostimportantly,weshouldincreasinglyheightenourenvironmentalawarenessandmakeourworldabetterplacetolivein.

3)Moderntransportationmeansmakeitveryconvenientforpeopletotravelfarawayfromhome.

4)Advancedmedicalsciencehasmadeitpossibleforhumanbeingstoleadamuchlongerlifeandsufferlessfromdifferentkindsofdiseases.9）sothat句型

1)Theyaresoeagertomasternewskillssothattheycanbequalifiedtothejobmarket.

2)Therearesomanypeople,bicycles,carsinthestreetsthatyouwillsometimesfeelitdifficulttomovealong.

10）非限制性定語從句

1)Somepeoplemaybeaddictedtonetsurfing,whichimpairstheirphysicalandmentalhealth.

2)Lakesandriversarebecomingseriouslypolluted,whichaggravates(worsens)theshortageoffreshwater.

3)Theincreasinglyhighdivorceratewillcauseaseriesofproblems,whichdeservesgreatpublicattention.11）用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)擴展內(nèi)容

1)People,notrealizingthatwaterresourcesontheeartharelimited,wasteagreatamountofwatereveryday.

2)Citizenshavetherighttoknowthetruthandsupervisethecelebrity,thusformingakindofpublicopinion.

3)Havingplacedgreatexpectationsontheirson,theycouldn’tholdbackhugedisappointmentandangerwhentheylearnttheirson’sfailuretopassthetest.

4)Withtheimprovementoflivingstandards,moreandmorepeoplebegintobuycarstomeettheneedsofworkandlife,therebyworseningthetrafficproblems.12）用并列結(jié)構(gòu)陳述內(nèi)容

1)Ilovemyparentsbecausetheygivemelife,havesacrificedalotinbringingmeup,andarealwaysthereformewheneverIneedthem.

2)Mostmenwouldliketheirspousestobeyoungandbeautifulwhereaswomenoftenputemphasisontheirspouses’character,education,profession,incomeorfamilybackground.

3)IrealizedI’dgrownupwhenIknewIshouldberesponsibleformyownactions,makedecisionsformyself,andworktoearnmyownlivingexpenses.13）分析因素句型

1)Thereareanumberofcausesforthegreatincreaseindivorcerateinourcountry.

2)Ingeneral,therearetwomainreasonsleadingtotheprevalenceofthecheatinginexams.

3)ThreeareseveralfactorscontributingtotheboomingofChina’shighereducation.4)Severalreasons/factorsareresponsiblefor/mayaccountfor/contributetothecomingbackofmanyChineseoverseasstudents.5)Itspopularityisdueto/resultsfrom/iscausedby/canbeattributedtothecleanandcomfortableenvironmentandtheexcellentservice.14）“對…來說”1)Thus,forsomestudents,cheating,thoughrisky,isabsolutelyashortcuttogetasatisfyingacademicevaluation.2)Asfor(asto)thesociety,the7-dayholidaywellservesthepurposeofstimulatingconsumptionandpromotingthedevelopmentoftourism.15)“談及…問題”/“就（某人/某事）而言”1)Whenitcomestowhethercollegestudentsshouldbeinvolvedinbusinessactivities,therearedifferentopinions.2)Whenitcomestoindividuals,nomatterwhatreasonsdrivethemtobuylotterytickets,theyactuallycontributetothesocietybylendingahelpinghandtounfortunatepeopleandtothedevelopmentofsportsinourcountry.3)AsfarasI’mconcernedyoucandowhatyoulike.4)Theriseininterestsrateswillbedisastrousasfarassmallfirmsareconcerned.16）“毫無疑問/必須認可/不能否認”1)Itgoeswithoutsayingthattheloveofbeautyisanessentialpartofallhealthyhumannature.2)Thefastgrowthofspaceexplorationwillundoubtedlyinfluenceourwayoflifeandwayofthinking.3)Itmustbeadmittedthatthepricewarwilldisturbthenormalorderofthemarket.4)Admittedly,thereareadvancedresearchenvironmentandbetterlivingconditionsindevelopedcountries,andstudentsfromdevelopingcountriescannotresistthetemptationofearningmoresalaryinthewest.5)NoonecandenythatE-economyhasgreatpotentialsandadvantagesinmanyaspects.6)Thereisnodenyingthefactthatmoneyisindispensabletousintheconsumingsociety.17）“盡管”

1)Thoughitisaverydifficulttask,weshouldtryallmeanstobringthebirthrateundercontrol.

2)Inspiteofwhathasbeenachievedincontrollingthebirthrate,thereismuchtobedesired.

3)Theyhadawonderfulholiday,despitethebadweather.18）“有了…就能”/“沒有…就不能”

1)Withmoney,theycanbuycars,housesandmanyluxuries,andleadacomfortablelife.

2)Withprivatecars,peopleareabletoenjoytheirleisuretimetothefullbymakingtripsintheircarstothecountrysideorseasideattheweekends.

3)Withoutadequatelatestinformationnecessaryinhiswork,onewillachievenosuccessinhiscareer.19）“把…看作為”

1)However,somepeopleconsidermankind’sexplorationintothespaceasawasteoftime,moneyandresources.

2)Inspiteofthesearguments,therearethosewhosee(view)itasahastydecision,whichhassomepotentialproblems.

3)Adoctorshouldlookon(regard/thinkof)hisworknotasamoney-makingbusiness,butratherasasocialservice.20）表達“見解/觀點”

1)Therearedifferentopinionson(Peoplehavedifferentideasabout/Differentpeoplemayholddifferentviewsabout)whetherfirecrackersshouldbebanned.

2)Recently,therehasbeenaheateddebate(discussion)overwhetherornotsportsstarscangotocollegeorgraduateschoolwithouttakingtheentranceexams.

3)Theissueofwhetherornotstudentsshouldtakeaparttimejobhasbeenwidelydebatedcurrently.

4)Universitymerger,ahottopiconandoffcampus,isobviouslyacontroversialproblem.

5)Viewsontheissueinquestionvarywidelyfrompersontoperson.6)Quitealotofpeoplehold/claim/argue/advocate/suggestthatowningprivatecarsisofgreatbenefit,whileotherssay/assume/maintain/stressthattheremaybeproblemswiththeincreasingnumberofprivatecars.7)Onthesurfaceofit,theaboveargumentsseemniceandconvincing,butonsecondthoughts,wemayfindthattheycanhardlyholdwater.

8)Fromtheabovediscussion,Ithinkthatbothsidesoftheargumentarerightinsomeway.However,Iwouldliketotakeamoreneutralposition.

9)Thereissometruthinthesearguments,buttheyoverlookadeeperandmorebasicfactorthat…

10)Somepeoplebelievethatinternationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenationsandthatifcountriesplaygamestogethertheywilllearntolivetogether.Otherssaythattheoppositeistrue:thatinternationalcontestsencouragefalsenationalprideandleadtomisunderstandingandhatred.Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments,butitisstillmystrongconvictionthat…11)Itistruethatmoneycanbringusacomfortablelife,butitisnottheonlythingthatweareseekingafter.

12)AsfarasthepersonalinsuranceinChinaisconcerned,Ithink,thereisboundtobeabrightfuture.

13)Astotheroleofinformationinthefuture,Ibelievethatitwillplayamoreandmoreimportantroleinthemodernsociety.

14)Asfortheirdifferences,myopinionisthatbothgenerationsshouldmakeallowanceforeachother.

15)Personally,Iaminfavorofeducationenteringmarketsinceitisaserviceindustry.

16)Tomymind,weshouldattachgreatimportancetothebalancedecologyandwell-protectedenvironment.

17)Istronglysuggestthatthefirstpriorityshouldbegiventoeducationbecausescienceandtechnologyaretheprimeproductiveforce.21）比較對比句型

1)Justaswoodsareindispensabletobirds,soistheearthtohumanbeings.

2)Asfaraspersonalityisconcerned,theyhavealmosteverythingincommon.

3)Myhobbyissimilartohisinthatwebothlikecollectingrecords,foreignanddomestic.

4)Astheeconomiesofallcountriesarecloselyinterrelatednocountrycandevelopinself-seclusion.ThesameistrueofChina.

5)Beijingispopulousandcrowded,whileCanberraisjusttheopposite.

6)China’sconditiondiffersfromoursinthatChinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.7)Itseemssafetosaythattheadvantagesofmarriageoutweighthedisadvantagesofdivorce.

8)Perhapsnothingcanrivalthepleasurefromreading.

9)Therecouldbenodoubtthatjob-hoppinghasitsdrawbacksaswellasmerits.

10)Menmaybesuperiortowomeninphysicalaffairs.Yet,thereisnodifferenceinintelligence.

11)People’sattitudetowardsdrugsvariesfrompersontoperson.22）結(jié)論句型

1)Aslongasweactintelligentlyandpromptly,wecansurelysolvetheproblemofwatershortage.

2)Aslongaswetakeeffectivemeasures,theproblemscausedbytheagedsocietywillbereducedtothesmallestextent.

3)Aslongasthegovernmentandindividualsstrivehard,therewillcertainlybeawayoutforthelaid-offworkers.

4)Whateverchangesareresponsiblefortheriseindivorcerate,onethingiscertain:thereisasignificantchangeinpeople’straditionalviewsofmarriageanddivorce.

5)Inshort(Inaword/Allinall/Tosumup),greateffortsshouldbemadetoenhanceethicandmoraleducationwhenhighpriorityisgiventotheeconomicdevelopment.6)Itisonlywhenthesemeasuresareputintopracticethattheshortageofwatercanbesolved.7)Onlywhentheoldageproblemiswellhandledcanwemaintainastableandharmonioussociety.8)Ifpeoplefromallwalksoflifepayenoughattentiontothisproblem,ourlifeinthecitywillcertainlybemoreenjoyable.9)Judgingfromallevidenceoffered,wecansafelycometotheconclusionthatcoeducationisbeneficialtothepsychologicalandintellectualgrowthofbothboyandgirlstudents.10)Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaycometo(arriveat/reach/draw)theconclusionthatthecityisabetterplaceforchildren’seducation.G．增長練習(xí)寫作的力度(1)復(fù)習(xí)考試常用句型 1.Thiscanbestatedby…2.Therearemanyexamplestoshowthat…3.Ahighpremiumcomestobeplacedon…4.Itis/wasreportedthat…5.Noonecandenythefactthat…6.Weshouldlaydown/formulatelawsandregulationstoprotect/toensure…7.Allofusshouldformtheconsciousnessofenvironmentalprotection.8.Legaleducationshouldbestrengthenedandtheawarenessoflawsamongallcitizensshouldberaised.9.Fundsshouldberaisednation-widetosetup/tohelp…10.Thegovernmentsatalllevelsshouldsetasideadequateamountofmoneyfor…11.Itisacommonviewthat…12.Thereisagrowingawarenessoftheimportanceof…13.Itaketheviewthat…14.Thereisnoreasonforustodoubtthat…15.Intermsofinformationtechnology,therewillbeseveralimpressivecharacterstomention.16.Whenitcomestohighereducation,…17.Manypositivetrendsappeartobeassociatedwith…18.Inthemindsofmanypeople,economicsuccessandaffluenceareequatedwithgoodnessoratleastwithrightness