2015完形填空精講課程講義

完形填空精講主講老師：趙歡迎使老師簡◆考博英語名博鰲亞洲英語主持2011世博會(huì)英語口語培訓(xùn)師曾為澳大利亞及多位中國國家提供翻譯21歲成為大學(xué)特聘英語教師中國特邀翻譯，曾為、,、趙薇、、、等翻譯；受邀開展個(gè)人數(shù)千場，受到廣大學(xué)子的熱烈追捧，被鳳凰、CCTV等多家。@萊弗2010博入學(xué)2010博入學(xué)考試英語試題ThestrangestweatheroflastyearwaspossiblynotonEarth,butontheSun.Every11years(31) theSungoesthroughacycleofsunspots-actuallymagneticstormseruptingacrossitssurface.Thenumberofsunspots(32)itsminimumin2007and(33) haveincreasedsoonafterwards,buttheSunhasremainedstrangelyquietsincethen.Scientistshavebeenbaffledasweeksandsometimesmonthshavegonebywithoutasinglesunspot,in(34) tobethedeepestsolarminimumforalmost100years.This(35) ofsolaractivitymeansthatcosmicraysreachingEarthfromspacehaveincreasedandthenet'sionosphereintheupperatmospherehassunk ,givinglessdragonsa litesandmakingcollisionsbetweenthemandspacejunkmorelikely.ThesolarminimumcouldalsobecoolingtheclimateonEarthbecauseofslightlydiminishedsolarirradiance,infact,thequietspellontheSunmaybe(37) someofthewarmingeffectsofgreenhousegases,accordingtorecentresearchbytwoUSsolarscientists.Thesolarminimum,theirstudysuggests,accountsforthesomewhatfiattemperaturetrendofthepastdecade.Butifthissolarminimumisoffsettingglobalwarming,scientistsstressthattheoveralleffectisrelativelyslightandcertainlywillnotlast.TheSunhasgoneintolongquietspellsbefore.From1645to1715fewsunspotswereseenduringaperiodcalledtheLittleIceAge,whenshortsummersandsavagewintersoftendNorthernEurope.Scotlandwashitparticularly(39)asharvestswereruinedincold,miserablesummers,whichledtofamine,death,migrationandhugedepopulation,ButwhetherthequietSunwasentirelytoblameforitremainshighly(40)31.[A]and[B]or[C]on[D]so32.[A][B][C][D]33.[A][B][C][D]34.[A][B][C][D]35.[A][B][C][D]36.[A][B][C][D]37.[A][B][C][D]38.[A][B][C]in[D]39.[A][B][C][D]40.[A][B][C][D]2009博入學(xué)2009博入學(xué)考試英語試題Three(51) yearsagoDanielGabrielFahrenheitmadehis(52)thermometerinhishometownofDanzig(NowGdanskinPoland).Thethermometerwasfilledwith(53) andcompleysealed,butitwasnotmuchusewithoutsomesortof(54) tomeasurethetemperature.Onestory(55) that,duringthewinterof1708-09,Fahrenheittookameasurementof0degreesasthecoldesttemperatureoutdoors—whichwouldnowreadasminus17.8C.Fiveyears(56) heusedmercuryinsteadofalcoholforhis(57) ,andmadeatopreferencepointbymeasuringhisownbodytemperatureas90degrees.Soonafterwardshebecameaglassblower,(58)allowedhimtomakethinlyblownglasstubesthatcouldbemarkedupwithmorepointsonthescaleandso(59) Eventuallyhetookthe(60) pointofhistemperaturescalefromaleadingmadeinice,waterandsalt,andatoppointmadefromtheboilingpointofwater.Thescalewasrecalibratedusing180degreesbetweenthese(61)pointsandFahrenheitwasabletomakemuchmoreaccurateandmore(62)measurementsoftemperature.Butin1742arivalchallengedtheFahrenheitscaleandsupersededit.AndersCelsius,inSweden,inventedascaleof100degreesbetweenthezingandboilingpointsofwaterandgradually overmanyHowever,theBritish(65) weddedtoFahrenheituntilwellintothe20th51.[A][B][C]decades[D]hundreds52.[A][D]53.[A][C][D]54.[A][B][C][D]55.[A][C][D]56.[A][C][D][A]thermometers[B]measurements[C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D] [B]add [C] [D][A] [C] [D][A] [B] [D][A] [B] [D][A] [B]accidentally[C]surprisingly[D]fortuna[A] [C] [D][A] [C] [D]2010（03）博2010（03）博入學(xué)考試英語試題Timeforanother petitivenessalert.IntheThirdInternationalMathematicsandScienceStudy—whichlastyeartestedahalf-millionstudentsin41countries—Americaneighthgraders belowtheworldaverageinmath.Andthat'snoteven22 part.Considerthisasyoutryto whichcountrieswilldominatethetechnologymarketsofthe21stcentury:thetop10percentofAmerica'smathstudentsscoredaboutthesameastheaveragekidintheglobal Itisn'texactlyanewsflashthesedays Americansscorebehindthecurveoninternationaltests.Buteducatorssaythisstudyis becauseitmonitoredvariablesbothinsideandoutsidetheclassroom.Laziness—thefactoroften forAmericanspoorperformance—isnottheculprithere.Americanstudents spendmoretimeinclassthanpupilsinJapanandGermany.29 ,theygetmoreandwatchthesameamountofTV.Theproblem,educatorssay,isnotthekidsbutacurriculumthatistoo30 .ThestudyfoundthatlessonsforU.S.eighthgraderscontainedtopicsmasteredbyseventhgradersinothercountries.TeachersactuallyagreethatAmericansneedto theirkidstomoresophisticatedmathearlier.Unfortunay,expertssay,theteachersdon'trecognize theseconceptsaretaughtisasimportantastheconceptsthemselves.Mosteducatorsrely33 ontextbooksandrotelearning(死記硬背).Whilemanytextbookscover ideas,mostdososuperficially,35 studentswiththetechniquesbutnotthemasteryofthebroaderprinciples.A. B. C. D.A.the B.the C.the D.theA.figure B.carry C.count D.showA. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. C. D.A.Tobegin B.AsisC.Notonly D.EvenA. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B.intentionallyC.consequentlyD.A. B. C.controversialD.A. B. C. D.2009（03）博2009（03）博入學(xué)考試英語試題Attitudesofrespect,modestyandfairycangrowonlyoutofslowlyacquiredskillsthatparentsteachtheirchildrenovermanyyearsthroughsharedexperienceandmemory.Ifachildreachesadulthood21 recollectionsonlyofevision,LittleLeagueandbirthdayparties,thenthatchildhaslittleto whenatruetestofcharactercomesup—say,ina(n)23 businesssituation." thatchildfeelsgroundedinwhoheisandwherehecomesfrom, elseisanact,"saysetiquetteexpertBettyJoTrakimas.TheDickmeyersofCarmel,na everyFridaynightas"familynight"withtheirthreechildren.Oftenthefamilyysboardgamesorhide-and-seek."Mychildrenloveit,"saysTheresa,theirmother.Canyinghide-and-seekreallyteachachildaboutmanners?Yes,saysTrakimasand27 ,becauseitellsthechildthathisparents timewithhim,heislovedandcanlearntoloveothers."Mannersaren'taboutusingthe29 fork,"Trakimasadds,"Mannersareaboutbeingkind—giving team-ying,makingtinysacrifices.Childrenlearnthat theirparents."Whilechildrendon't32 warmtotheideaoflearningtobepolite,there'snoreasonforthemtoseemannersasabunchofdreary either.They'rethebuildingblocksofachild'seducation." arule essecondnature,itsus,"Trakimassays.HowwellcouldTigerWoodsygolfifhehadto himselfoftheA. B. C. D.A.draw B.learn C.refer D.thinkA. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A.theotheroneB. C.another D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B.complimentsC. D.A. B. C. D.A,automaticallyB.determinedlyC. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C.rememberingD.2008（10）2008（10）博入學(xué)考試英語試題IoncemarriedamanIthoughtwastotallyunlikemyfatherandIimaginedawholenewworldofdom(21) Fiveyearslateritwascleareventome——floatingfacedowninawashofdespair thatIhadsimplychosena(n)(22)ofmyhandsomedaddy-Theupdated(23) spokeEnglishlikeanangelbutunderneathhewasmyfatherexactly:wonderful,butnottherightmanforme.MostpeopleIknowhaveatonetimeoranotherbeen(24)childhoodhobbies.Patternstendtosinkintotheunconsciousonlyto(25)

upby,disguised,unseen,likemarionette(牽線木偶)strings,pullingusthiswayorthat.Whateverailspeoplekeepsthemupatnight,tossingand(26) alsoailsmovementsnomatterhowhistoricallyhugeorpolitically(27) movementcannotremakeconsciousness,or(28) thefuture,without(29)andsheddingalltheunnecessaryanduglybaggageofthepast.It'seasyenoughnowtoseewheremenhavekept(30) outofclubs,baseballgames,graduateschools;it'seasyenoughtorecognizethehiddendirectionsthat(31)Sistocake-bakingandjuniortobridgebuilding.It'snowpossibleforevenMissAmericaherselfto(32) whattheyhavedonetous,and,ofcourse,theyhaveandtheydidandtheyare…(33) alongthewaywealsodevelopedourownhidden(34.) ,classassumptionsandananti-malehumorandcollectionofexpectationsthatgaveus,hikeall(35) groups,asecretsenseofsuperiorityco-existingwithapoorself-image.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A.sleeB. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B.weighingC. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B.opportunitiesC. D.A.consolidatedB. C. D.2008年博士入學(xué)考試英語試ThechangesingloballyaveragedtemperaturethathaveoccurredattheEarth’ssurfaceoverthepastcenturyaresimilarinsizeandtimingtothose61bymodelsthattakeintoaccountthecombinedinfluencesofhumanfactorsandsolarvariability. thequestionofattributionrequiresthe ofmorepowerfulandcomplexmethods，beyondtheuseofglobalaveragesalone.Newstudieshavefocused mapsorpatternsoftemperaturechangein andinmodels.Patternysisistheclimatologicallyequivalentofthemorecomprehensivetestsinthemedicalogy ,andmakesitpossibletoachievemore67oftheobservedclimatechangestoaparticularcauseorTheexpectedinfluenceofhumanactivitiesisthoughttobemuchmorecomplexthanuniformwarmingovertheentiresurfaceoftheEarthandoverthewhole68cycle.Patternsofchangeoverspaceandtimethereforeprovideamorepowerful69technique.Thebasicidea70pattern-basedapproachesisthatdifferent71causesofclimatechangehavedifferentcharacteristicpatternsofclimateresponseorfingerprints.Attributionstudiesseekto72afingerprintmatchbetweenthepatternsofclimatechange73bymodelsandthoseactuallyobserved.Themostrecentassessmentofthesciencesuggeststhathumanactivitieshaveledtoadiscernible74onglobalclimateandthattheseactivitieswillhaveanincreasinginfluenceonfutureclimate.Theburningofcoal,oilandnaturalgas,aswellasvariousagriculturalandindustrialpractices,are75thecompositionoftheatmosphereandcontributingtoclimatechange.Thesehumanactivitieshaveledtoincreasedatmospheric76ofanumberofgreenhousegases,includingcarbondioxide,methaneandsoonintheloweratmosphere.Humanactivities,suchastheburningoffossil,havealsoincreasedthe77ofsmallparticlesintheatmosphere.Theseparticlescanchangethe78ofenergythatisabsorbedandreflectedbytheatmosphere.Theyarealsobelievedtomodify79ofairandclouds,changingtheamountofenergythattheyabsorbandreflect.Intensivestudiesoftheclimaticeffectsoftheseparticlesbeganonlyrecentlyandtheoverall80isuncertain.Itislikelythattheneteffectofthesesmallparticlesistocooltheclimateandtopartiallyoffsetthewarmingofincreasingconcentrationsofgreenhousegases.61.A. B. C.in D.62.A. B. C. D.63.A. B. C. D.64.A. B. C. D.65.A. B. C. D.66.A. B.ornamentallyC. D.67.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C.concentrationsD.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.2007年博士入學(xué)考試英語試Seariseasaconsequenceofglobalwarmingwouldimmediaythreatenthatlargefractionoftheglobelivingatsealevel.Nearlyone-thirdofallhumanbeingslivewithin36ofacoastline.Mostoftheworld'sgreatseaportcitieswould56:NewOrleans,Amsterdam,Shanghai,andCairo.Somecountries—MaldivesIslandsinthenOcean,islandsinthePacific—wouldbeinundated.HeavilypopulatedcoastalareassuchasinBangladeshandEgypt,57largepopulationsoccupylow-lyingareas,wouldsufferextreme58.Warmeroceanswouldspawnstrongerhurricanesandtyphoons,59incoastalflooding,possiblyswamvaluableagriculturallandsaroundtheworld.60waterqualitymayresultas61floodingwhichssaltwaterintocoastalirrigationanddrinkingwaters,andirreceable,naturalcouldbefloodedwithoceanwater,destroyingforevermanyofthe63ntandanimalspecieslivingthere.Foodsand swouldbe64affected.Changesinrainfallpatternswoulddisruptagriculture.Warmertemperatures grain-growingregionspole-wards.Thewarmingwouldalsoincreaseandchangethepestnts,suchasweedsandtheinsects66thecrops.Humanhealthwouldalsobeaffected.Warmingcould67tropicalclimatebringingwithityellowfever,malaria,andotherdiseases.Heatstressandheatmortalitycouldrise.Theharmful68oflocalizedurbanairpollutionwouldverylikelybemoreseriousinwarmer69.Therewillbesome70fromwarming.Newsea-laneswillopenintheArctic,longergrowingseasonsfurthernorthwill71newagriculturallands,andwarmertemperaturewillmakesomeoftoday'scolderregionsmore72.Butthesebenefitswillbeinindividualareas.Thenaturalsystems—bothntandanimal—willbelessablethanmantocope73.Anychangeoftemperature,rainfall,andsealevelofthemagnitudenowwillbedestructivetonaturalsystemsandlivingthingsandhencetomanasThelistofpossibleconsequencesofglobalwarmingsuggestsveryclearlythatwemustdoeverythingwecannowtounderstanditscausesandeffectsandtotakeallmeasurespossibletopreventandadapttopotentialandinevitabledisruptionsbyglobal56.[A][B] [C][D]57.[A][B] [C][D]58.[A][B] [C][D]59.[A][B] [C][D]60.[A][B] [C][D]61.[A][B] [C][D]62.[A]dry-[B] [C][D]63.[A][B] [C][D]64.[A][B] [C][D]65.[A][B] [C][D]66.[A][B] [C][D]67.[A] modate[C][D]68.[A][B] [C][D][A] modation[C]surroundings[D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C][D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D]2006年博士入學(xué)考試英語試Consumersandproducersobviouslymakedecisionsthatmoldtheeconomy,butthereisathirdmajor61toconsidertheroleofernment.ernmenthasapowerful62ontheeconomyinatleastfourways:DirectServices.Thepostalsystem,forexample,isafederalsystem63theentirenation,asisthelargeandcomplexestablishment.Conversely,theconstructionand64ofmosthighwaysthe65oftheindividualstates,andthepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalernment,areprimarily66forbycountryorcityernments.andfireprotectionandsanitation67arealsotheresponsibilitiesoflocalernment.RegulationandControl.Theernmentregulatesandcontrolsprivate68inmanyways,forthe69ofassuringthatbusinessservesthebest70ofthepeopleasawhole.Regulationisnecessaryinareaswhereprivateenterpriseisgranteda71,suchasinephoneorelectricservice.Publicpermitssuchcompaniestomakeareasonable72,butlimitstheirabilitytoraise73,sincethepublicdependsontheirservices.Oftencontrolis74toprotectthepublic,asforexample,whentheFoodandDrugadministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof75infood.Inotherindustries,ernmentsetsguidelinestoensurefaircompetitionwithoutusingdirectcontrol.StabilizationandGrowth.Branchesofernment,includingCongressandsuchentitiesastheFederalReserveBoard,attempttocontroltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflationanddepression,by76taxrates,themoneysupply,andtheuseofcredit.Theycanalso77theeconomythroughchangesintheamountofpublicspendingbytheernmentitself.DirectAssistance.The ernmentprovidesmanykindsofhelpto andindividuals.Forexample,tariffs certainproductstoremainrelativelyofforeigncompetition;importsaresometimestaxedsothatAmericanproductsareableto betterwithcertainforeigngoods.Inquiteadifferentarea,ernmentsupportsindividualswhocannotadequa ycareforthemselves,bymakinggrantstoworkingparentswithdependentchildren,byprovidingmedicalfortheagedandtheindigent,andthroughsocialwelfare61.[A][B][C][D]62.[A][B][C][D]63.[A][B][C][D]64.[A][B][C][D][A]common [B]responsibility[C]conductivity[D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A]ap [B] [C] [D][A] modate[C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D]2010年北航博士入學(xué)考試英語試Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossible1ofactionopentohim:hecangivetheinventiontotheworldbypublishingit,keepthe2,orpatentA3patentistheresultofabargain4betweenaninventorandthestate,bywhichtheinventorgetsalimitedperiodofmonopolyandpublishesfulldetailsofhisinventiontothepublicafterthatperiod5.Onlyinthemostexceptionalcircumstances6thelifespanofapatent7toalterthisnormalprocessofevents.Thelongestextensionever8wastoGeorgesValensi;his1939patentforcolorTVreceivercircuitrywasextendeduntil1971becauseformostofthepatent'snormallifetherewasnocolourTVto9andthusnohopeofrewardfortheBecauseapatentremainspermanently10afterithasterminated,theshelvesofthelibraryattachedtothe11officecontaindetailsoflillymillionsofideasthatareforanyonetouseand,if12thanhalfacentury,sometimesevenre-patent.Indeed,patentexpertsoftenadviseanyone13toavoidthehighcostofconductingasearchthrough14patentsthattheonesurewayofavoidingviolationofanyotherinventor'srightistogiarizeadeadpatent.Likewise,becausepublicationofanideainanyotherform15invalidatesfurtherpatentsonthatidea,itistraditionally16totakeideasfromotherareasofprint.Muchmoderntechnologicaladvanceis17onthesepresumptionsoflegalsecurity.Anyoneclosely18inpatentsandinventionssoonlearnsthatmost"new"ideasare,infact,asoldasthehills.Itistheirreductiontocommercialpractice,eitherthroughnecessityordedication,orthroughtheavailabilityofnewtechnology,19makesnewsandmoney.Thebasicpatentforthetheoryofmagneticrecordingdatesbackto1886.Manyoftheoriginalideasbehindevisionoriginate20thelate19thandearly20thcentury.EventheVolkswagenrearenginecarwasanticipatedbya1904patentforacartwiththehorseattherear.[A] [B] [D[A] [D][A] [C] [D][