高考英語專題之記敘文的寫作

高考英語專題之記敘文的寫作狀元必讀1.本講課程涉及的學(xué)問點(diǎn)在高考考試大綱中對(duì)應(yīng)的考點(diǎn)為語言應(yīng)用；2.本講課程重點(diǎn)講解記敘文的寫作；3.該考點(diǎn)在高考試卷中的大體分值為25-30分。專家點(diǎn)撥一、學(xué)問精講Ⅰ.運(yùn)用連接詞，行文流暢連貫依據(jù)高考書面表達(dá)的評(píng)分原則，第五檔文章的要求之一是“有效地運(yùn)用了語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊”；第四檔文章的要求之一是“應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)潔的語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊”；第三檔文章的要求之一是“應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)潔的語句間的連接成分，使全文內(nèi)容連貫”；假如全文內(nèi)容缺少連貫性，得分就會(huì)比較低。由此可見，在書面表達(dá)中，假如想得到較高的分?jǐn)?shù)，就應(yīng)力求做到全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、內(nèi)容連貫。要想文章內(nèi)容連貫、語句流暢，需正確地運(yùn)用連詞、副詞、介詞詞組來表達(dá)上下句之間的關(guān)系。常用的連詞、連詞詞組、副詞和介詞詞組可依據(jù)意思分為以下幾種：1.表示并列、補(bǔ)充或承接關(guān)系，如：and,so,therefore,notonly…butalso…,both…and…,aswellas,aswell,also,besides,inaddition,what’smore,what’sworse,tomakemattersworse等?！纠洹縄arrivedathomelateyesterday.What’sworse,Ileftmykeyinmyoffice.Iwastootiredtowalkhome,soItookataxi.Theactivitynotonlytaughtusalotbutalsomadeusgetclosetonature.2.表示轉(zhuǎn)折或讓步關(guān)系，如：although/though,eventhough/evenif,inspiteof,infact,however,but,yet，instead等?！纠洹縄nspiteoftheheavyrain,westillgotthereontime.Eventhoughwefacealotofdifficulties,weshouldtryourbesttoovercomethem.Althoughwewereallagainsthisplan,hestillcarrieditout.Idon’twanttogooutwithyou.I’dliketostayathomeinstead.3.表示因果關(guān)系,因?yàn)?，因此，所以，如：since,as,because(of),for,so,thus,therefore,forthisreason,thanksto,owingto,dueto，asaresult,asaconsequence等?！纠洹縄wasillyesterday,asaresult,Ididn’tgotoschool.Sinceyoucan’tworkouttheproblem,youcanturntoyourteacherforhelp.Thankstothenewtechnology,wecanliveaneasierlife.4.表示對(duì)比，如：or,otherwise,like,unlike,similarly,differentfrom,onthecontrary,while,ononehand…ontheotherhand,insteadof等。【例句】Idon’tagreewithyou.Onthecontrary,Ithinkheisafriendlyman.MaryisdoingherhomeworkwhileherbrotheriswatchingTV.5.表進(jìn)行總結(jié)和給出結(jié)論,如：inall,inbrief,onthewhole,ingeneral,generallyspeaking,inaword,inshort,asfarasIknow,asfarasIamconcerned,asfarasIcansee等?！纠洹緼sfarasI’mconcerned,weshouldmakeuseofthechancetoimproveourEnglishlisteningandspeaking.Onthewhole,thatisanexcitingjobalthoughsometimesitisdangerous.6.表時(shí)間和依次關(guān)系，如：first/firstly,next,aboveall,firstofall,tobeginwith,soonafter,shortlyafter,afterthat,then,next,foronething…foranotherthing,eversince,sincethen,eventually,finally,atlast,meanwhile,atthesametime等?！纠洹縏obeginwith,I’dliketowelcomethefriendstobeherewithusonbehalfoftheteachersandstudentsofourschool.Firstly,wewilldosomecleaning.Thenwe’llchatwiththeoldaboutthechangesofourcity.Finally,we’llgivethemsomeperformances.7.表說明說明關(guān)系和舉例,如：that’stosay,inotherwords,asamatteroffact,actually,forexample,forinstance,suchas…andsoon,accordingto,asisshowninthechart等?！纠洹縒ehaveavarietyofactivitiesafterclass,suchasplayingbasketball,swimming,singingandsoon.Youdidn’tdowellintheexam,thatistosay,youfailed.Ⅱ.記敘文文體的寫作特點(diǎn)（一）從題目設(shè)置上分為：1.提綱作文：要求考生首先將所給出的要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行組織，依據(jù)肯定的邏輯依次用明白、恰當(dāng)、得體的語言來表達(dá)；要盡量消退漢語式的英文表達(dá)。這種作文切忌逐字逐句漢譯英，使得文章支離破裂，不忍卒讀。相對(duì)來說，這種作文難度相對(duì)較小。2.圖畫作文：要求考生首先細(xì)致視察，讀懂圖意，抓住要點(diǎn)，按圖片依次編擬提綱，同時(shí)要留意圖片所給的時(shí)間、背景等相關(guān)信息，確定寫作的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。在寫作時(shí)還要適當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用一些關(guān)聯(lián)詞、過渡句來加工潤(rùn)色，使文章層次清晰、通順暢達(dá)。這種作文的難點(diǎn)在于要求考生能自己編擬出合適的要點(diǎn)，并且表達(dá)上要連貫。

（二）從寫作主題上分為：1.記人：描寫人物的肖像、語言、行動(dòng)、心理及細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)（1）介紹人物一般以事情發(fā)生的先后為依次。（2）要抓住重點(diǎn)，把最能體現(xiàn)人物性格特點(diǎn)的典型事例寫出來。（3）常用表達(dá)方式：①介紹姓名、出身wasborninBeijingonJan.3,2019Borninapoorfamily,hehadlittleschooling.②描述外貌及性格特征good-looking,white-haired,short,tall,kind/warm-hearted,easy-going,outgoing,smart,wise,humorous,patient,generous③愛好喜好beinterestedin，befondof,betiredof,haveahobbyof,haveahabitof,becrazyabout,hate例1（全國I卷）假如你是李華，希望通過外籍老師Peter找個(gè)英語筆友，請(qǐng)寫一封短信，描述一下你志向中筆友的條件，并說明為什么選這樣的筆友。詳細(xì)條件包括：1.年齡2.性別3.愛好（旅游，運(yùn)動(dòng)，寵物等）留意1.詞數(shù)不少于60；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Onepossibleversion:DearPeter,I’mwritingtoaskwhetheryouareabletodomeafavor.Iwanttohaveapenfriend,hopefullyagirlinherearlytwenties,andwithinterestssimilartomine.Inmymind,sheissomeonewhoisinterestedintraveling,swimming,andplayingtabletennis.Besides,itwouldbebetterforhertohaveapetdogasIhavekeptoneathomeforsometime.Withsuchapenfriend,IthinkIcansharewithherourtravelingexperiences,takingcareofpets,orwhateverwehaveincommon.AndIbelieveIwillimprovemyEnglishbydoingsoandlearnmoreabouthercountry.Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Bestregards,LiHua2.記事：個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)或集體活動(dòng)（1）寫作要點(diǎn)：寫清晰時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事務(wù)、緣由和結(jié)果。抓住主線，重點(diǎn)突出，不要寫成流水賬。（2）篇章結(jié)構(gòu)：總括句＋事情經(jīng)過＋感受（3）常用句型：Somebodywasdoing…when…(On)Seeing/(On)Hearingthis,sb…Somebodywasabouttodo…when…Somebodyhadjustdone…when…Withouthesitation/Withoutaword,we…Assoonaswegottherewestartedtodo…Then…Afterthat…Finally…Somestudentsdo…,somestudentsdo…andtheothersdo…Whatsurprised/attracted/delightedusmostwasthat…Tiredaswewere,welearnedwhatwecouldnotlearnatschool.Wehadtosaygood-byeto…I’llneverforgetthedaybecause…Ithinktheactivityisverymeaningful.例2(湖北卷)假設(shè)你是某中學(xué)學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華，你校與本地一所國際學(xué)校常常舉辦聯(lián)誼活動(dòng)。你支配在重陽節(jié)組織學(xué)生到養(yǎng)老院去慰問老人，擬邀請(qǐng)國際學(xué)校的學(xué)生參與，請(qǐng)你依據(jù)以下內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)給國際學(xué)校的學(xué)生會(huì)主席Tony寫一封信。要點(diǎn)：向老人贈(zèng)送禮物（鮮花、自制賀卡……）；為老人供應(yīng)服務(wù)（做清潔、陪老人閑聊……）；為老人表演節(jié)目（唱歌、跳舞……）。留意：詞數(shù)為100左右。Onepossibleversion:DearTony,Chongyang,thetraditionalChinesefestivalfortheelderly,iscomingaround.WeareplanningtovisittheNursingHometocelebratethespecialday,andwewouldliketoinvitestudentsfromyourschooltojoinus.Wehaveplannedseveralactivities.Whenwegetthere，wewillvisittheelderlyintheirroomsingroups，presentingthemwithflowersandself－madecardstoshowourrespectandlove.Thenwewilldosomecleaningandwashingforthemwiththehelpofthenurses.Assomeoldpeoplefeellonely,wemaychatwiththemabouttheirolddays,changesofourcity,oranythingtheyareinterestedin.Wemayalsogivethemsomeperformances:singing,dancing,andsoon.IamsurewewillbothgainabetterunderstandingoftheelderlyinChina.Ifyouhaveanysuggestions,pleaseletusknow.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua3.看圖作文：第一：細(xì)致讀懂圖畫、圖表信息和文字信息，找出意義連貫的內(nèi)容，理解命題者的意圖，把握?qǐng)D畫或圖表的主旨，理順題目的題材和線索。其次：審定文章的主要人稱和表達(dá)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，即謂語的時(shí)態(tài)——一般看圖類作文都為過去時(shí)。第三：依據(jù)題目所給信息，整理出寫作要點(diǎn)，并整合成句子。第四：布局好篇章結(jié)構(gòu)：首句要盡快切題及明確主題；句與句之間，段與段之間要過渡自然；結(jié)尾句要呼應(yīng)主題。例3假如你是紅星中學(xué)高三（一）班的學(xué)生。3月5日是學(xué)雷鋒日，你班組織了一次幫扶活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)依據(jù)下面四幅圖所供應(yīng)的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容和過程寫一篇英語短文，給你校?？挠⒄Z專欄投稿。短文詞數(shù)不少于60。提示詞：seniorcitizens’home養(yǎng)老院審題后提煉內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：1.探討確定去養(yǎng)老院。discuss,gotoaseniorcitizens’home2.3月5日在養(yǎng)老院打掃衛(wèi)生。OnMarch5th,docleaning3.教老人學(xué)英語、為老人表演節(jié)目。teachEnglish,giveperformances4.與老人們告辭。saygood-byetothem5.綻開聯(lián)想，擴(kuò)充要點(diǎn)Onepossibleversion:OurclassplannedtoorganizeanactivityonMarch5th,thedayinmemoryofLeiFeng.Thedaybefore,wehadhadaclassmeetingtodiscusswhatwewoulddo.Afteraheateddiscussion,wehaddecidedtogotoaseniorcitizens’hometodosomethingfortheelderly.OnMarch5th,wesetoutearlyinthemorning.Assoonaswegottotheseniorcitizens’home,wefirstdidathoroughcleaning.Somesweptandmoppedthefloor,somecleanedthewindowsandtheothersdidsomewashing.Anhourlater,theroomsintheseniorcitizens’homelookedcleanandtidy.Andthenweweredividedintotwogroups.Onegroupgavewonderfulperformancesthattheelderlyenjoyedalot,theothergrouptaughtthosewhowereinterestedinEnglishsomedailyEnglishexpressions.Alltheelderlyhadagoodtimewithus.Whenlunchtimecamewehadtosaygood-byetothem.We’vereallylearnedalotfromwhatwedid.Wealsorealizethatwecanmakeourselvesusefultothosewhoneedhelpandcare.二、難點(diǎn)聚焦書面表達(dá)經(jīng)典句式1.表示重要、必要、困難、便利、可能(1)Itisimportant（necessary,difficult,convenient,possible）forsb.todosth.(2)Wethinkitnecessarytodo…(3)Itplaysanimportantroleinourlife.2.表示緣由(1)Therearethreereasonsforthis.(2)Thereasonsforthisareasfollows. (3)Thereasonforthisisobvious.(4)Thereasonforthisisthat...3.表示好處(1)Ithasthefollowingadvantages.(2)Itdoesusalotofgood.(3)Itbenefitsusquitealot.(4)Ithasagoodeffectonus.4.表示壞處(1)Ithasmoredisadvantagesthanadvantages.(2)Itdoesusmuchharm.(3)Itisharmfultous.(4)Itisbadforus.5.表示改變(1)Somechangeshavetakenplaceinthepastfiveyears.(2)Thecomputerhasbroughtaboutmanychangesineducation.6.表示駁斥及反對(duì)(1)Ingeneral,Idon’tagreewith…(2)Ontheotherhand,somepeopleareagainsttheopinionthat…(3)However,therestholdtheoppositeopinion.7.表示呼吁實(shí)行措施(1)Weshouldtakesomeeffectiveactions.(2)Weshouldtryourbesttoovercomethedifficulties.(3)Weshouldsolvetheproblemsthatwearefacedwith.(4)Istronglyhopeourgovernmentcantakesomemeasuresto…8.表示比較(1)ComparedwithA，B...(2)preferAtoB9.表示看法(1)Peoplehavedifferentattitudestowardssth.(2)Peoplehavedifferentopinionsonthisproblem.(3)Somepeoplebelievethat...Othersarguethat...10.表示結(jié)論(1)Inshort，itcanbesaidthat...(2)Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove，wecancometotheconclusionthat...三、狀元筆記1.運(yùn)用較高級(jí)的詞匯詞匯能反映你學(xué)問貯存量的多少，也是衡量英語水平的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)記。2.運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞，對(duì)寫一篇有“英語味”的文章來說很重要，能使文章上下連接自然、緊湊。3.運(yùn)用較豐富的句式運(yùn)用得當(dāng)?shù)木渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可以給文章增色不少，從而使整篇文章因此而生輝。狀元必練一、（）假設(shè)你是李華，在上周進(jìn)行的探討性學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)中,你班同學(xué)了解了珍稀動(dòng)物金絲猴的相關(guān)信息。請(qǐng)依據(jù)下表所供應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，給你的筆友Peter寫封信，向他介紹此次活動(dòng)。留意：1.信的開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好。2.詞數(shù)不少于60。提示詞：探討性學(xué)習(xí)：inquiringlearning金絲猴：goldenmonkeys第一組其次組●到動(dòng)物園視察金絲猴的特征●上網(wǎng)了解金絲猴的現(xiàn)有數(shù)量●去圖書館查閱金絲猴的習(xí)性●聽專家介紹對(duì)金絲猴的愛護(hù)措施●匯總信息，完成報(bào)告●活動(dòng)體會(huì)：學(xué)會(huì)合作;體驗(yàn)新的學(xué)習(xí)方式DearPeter,Howhaveyoubeenrecently?I’mwritingtotellyousomethingaboutourinquiringlearningontherareanimal—goldenmonkeys.Thestudentsofourclassweredividedintotwogroups.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Whatdoyouthinkofourinquiringlearning?Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Bestwishes,LiHua例文：DearPeter,Howhaveyoubeenrecently?I’mwritingtotellyousomethingaboutourinquiringlearningontherareanimal—goldenmonkeys.Thestudentsofourclassweredividedintotwogroups.Onegroupwenttothelocalzootoobservethefeaturesofgoldenmonkeys.Afterthat,thegroupwenttothelibrarytocollectsomeinformationaboutthemonkeys’behavior.Inthemeantime,thetaskfortheothergroupwastosurftheinternetfortheexactnumberofthelivinggoldenmonkeys.Besides,anexpertwasinvitedtointroducewhatwecoulddotoprotectthiskindofmonkeys.Atlast,wegatheredtheinformationwegotandproducedareport.Ithinkwebenefitedalotfromtheinquiringlearning.Notonlydidweknowhowtocooperatewithothersbutalsowefindanewwayoflearning.Whatdoyouthinkofourinquiringlearning?Lookingforward