年12月5日搶先版綜合口語(yǔ)

SPEAKING1有學(xué)生建議學(xué)校請(qǐng)jazzband在草坪上舉辦 去relax。2Reading:Schoolwilladdoverheadlightsinlibrary,andreducetheuseofairconditioners.學(xué)校將在館增添了頭頂?shù)臒艄猓瑴p少空調(diào)的使Listening:thewomanReason1:Sincethelightisnotbrightenough,peoplewillstillusethetablelights.Itwillcostmoreelectricity.Reason2:Iftheschoollibrarydoesn’thaveAC,studentsdon’twanttostudyinthelibrary.It’shardtostudyindormswithnoisesgoingon.3大學(xué)正計(jì)劃派遣新的室友，電子郵件地址和要大。器。Theuniversityisnningtosendaddressesandphonenumbersofnewroommatestofreshman.ThewomanagreeswithFirst,shethinksit’slessstressfulandit’sgoodtoknownewroommatesinadvance.Second,shethinksit’sbeneficialtonouttosaveextraspace.Earliercommunicationwillavoidbringingthesameappliances.4學(xué)校計(jì)劃課間休息時(shí)間從10分鐘延長(zhǎng)到20分鐘。Theschoolnstoextendbreaktimebetweenclassesfrom10minutesto20minutes.Themandisagreeswiththen.5學(xué)校計(jì)劃要求學(xué)生清潔大學(xué)Theschoolnstoaskthestudenttocleanthegroundsoftheuniversity.Thegirlthinksit6其次，學(xué)生宿舍有電腦，方便查找資料的Theuniversityhasdecidedtoofferreferencematerialonlinebecausepaper,newspaperandjournaltakeuptoomuchThemanagreeswiththeFirst,hethinksthelibraryhasnospacetokeepthebooksandtheschoolhastoexpandlibrarybybuildinganewbuilding.Butonlinematerialscouldhelpsolvetheproblem,whichismoreSecond,studentshavecomputerintheirdormsandit’sconvenienttosearchthematerialonline.7Reading:SchoolwilladdcomputersinthelobbyofdormsReason1:studentscanchecke-mailsorreadReason2:duringthebusytime,everystudentscanonlyuse10WomanReason1:It’sconvenient.Forexample,oncesheforgottoe-mailherprofessor,butshedidn’twanttogoallthewaybacktoherdormonlyforusinghercomputer.So,sheusedthecomputerinthelobbytosendthee-mailandcheckdirection.Reason2:Somestudentsusethecomputerinthelobbytotalkwithfriendsorwritepapers.It’sgoodtomakearuletocontrolthetimeofusingthecomputersinthelobby1：學(xué)生可以檢查電子2：10原因2：一些學(xué)生使用電腦在大廳與朋友聊天或?qū)?8Thestudentlettersuggeststheuniversityshouldcancelthecomedyshowattheendofthesemesterbecauseitwillbetoonoisyforthestudentstoreviewinthedormitoryandtherewillbeheavytraffic,whichisinconvenient.9Philosophydepartmentnstoprovideamonthlybreakfastsessionandinviteaprofessortotalkwithstudentsatthattime.ThewomanagreeswithFirst,it’sagreatchancetoknowtheprofessor,whichbringsconveniencetoselectcourseslater.Second,thefoodinthecafeteriaislimitedandit’sgoodtohaveadiversifiedmealbecausethefoodisgoingtobedeliveredfromarestaurantnearby.10學(xué)校要懲罰那些不把扔在箱的學(xué)生Reading:Theschoolwillpunishstudentswhodon’tthrowtrashintrashcans.Thewoman11Reading:schoolwillinviteabusinessleadertogiveaspeechongraduationceremony.學(xué)校將邀請(qǐng)商業(yè)提供一個(gè)在畢業(yè)典禮上的Thewoman12n:Theschoolnstoextendtheopenhouroftheuniversitydininghallto10pm.學(xué)校計(jì)劃擴(kuò)大學(xué)校的開(kāi)放時(shí)間至晚上10時(shí)。13【n】：Theschoolnstoholdanannualmeetingforcommunityaboutthedevelopmentoffaculties.：學(xué)校計(jì)劃關(guān)于學(xué)院的發(fā)展，每年舉行【學(xué)生態(tài)度】thewomanFirst,shethinksthere’snoneedtohearit,andtheschoolshouldputtheinformationonlinesomorepeoplecouldseeit.Second,themeetingwillbeheldinthehall,butalotofpeoplewon’tbeabletoattendit.14WritingCenterchangetheauthorofthelettersupportthechangesinwritingTherearetwochanges,thefirstoneistohiremoretutors,thesecondoneistoopenthecenteratweekends.Intheconversation,thewomanagreewiththisidea.Sincetherearealwaysalotofstudentsarewaitingfortutors.Andthecenterwillbenotovercrowded.15學(xué)校打算removethevendingmachine。因?yàn)樗偸琴u(mài)一些食品，而且學(xué)生可以在學(xué)校之外(offcampus)買(mǎi)(這個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)可能有理解錯(cuò))。女學(xué)生不同意這個(gè)n.1、學(xué)?？梢詒ecejunkfood。買(mǎi)一些nut什么的健康食品，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生健康飲食。2vendingmachine到別的地方買(mǎi)零食，但是...1016addthekitcheninthestudentdormitory，理由：1、有足夠的空間安置廚房設(shè)備;2、cookingskillis【學(xué)生態(tài)度】conversation部分：gg，理由：1、放廚房的空間原本可以watchtv,ortakingsocialactivities.2cookingisausefulskillandbusy,而學(xué)習(xí)新的技巧，演習(xí)菜譜都會(huì)占用學(xué)17有人寫(xiě)信建議讓學(xué)生提前知道textbooklist，原因一：留出時(shí)間讓去readingassignment了。所以這個(gè)proposal可以給學(xué)生，讓他們?nèi)ゾW(wǎng)上買(mǎi)到便宜的書(shū)第二每18【學(xué)校通知】學(xué)校要建一個(gè)studentlounge，以幫助坐往返的同(commuterstudents)commutefromhometocampusbybusorbytraingohomebetweenclasses.studentlounge1.LOCKER2.trainschedule。【學(xué)生意見(jiàn)】a.沒(méi)必要，大家就得dealwiththisproblem。宿舍也很commuterstudents建studentlounge，那不就了。（Whyshouldtheygetspecialtreatment?原話）。再說(shuō)了，library里也有l(wèi)ocker的，真的需要可以到那里去放書(shū)。b.有其他方法查詢這些信息，比如到上去查，或 給trainstation。19【學(xué)校通知】學(xué)校因?yàn)槲膶W(xué)課太popular了，所以學(xué)校決定開(kāi)晚課和增加一個(gè)activityjob20orchestralocalschoolshavemorechancestoperform,原因二，可以激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)音樂(lè)的，讓Instruments，男生舉一個(gè)了自己小時(shí)練小提琴的經(jīng)歷。21談。Reading:Theschoolhasmadeanewrequirementfortheessaywritingclass.StudentsarerequiredtohaveaninterviewdiscussionwiththeteachersandfellowstudentsbeforetheyenrollintheListening:Intheconversation,however,thegirldoesnotlikethisnewrequirement.Firstly,shesaysthattheessenceofessaywritingclassiswritingnot talking.Agoodtalkerisnotnecessarilyagoodwriter,sothisinterviewmayexcludethosewhoaregoodatwritingbutwhomaybeshy.Furthermore,tousesuchashortinterviewtoobservestudents'cooperativeskillisnotrealistic.Afterall,cooperativeskillcanbedevelopedovertime,afterstudentshavejoinedthe首先，她說(shuō)，寫(xiě)作課的本質(zhì)是寫(xiě)不說(shuō)話。一個(gè)健談?wù)呶幢厥且粋€(gè)好22大學(xué)為專業(yè)四年級(jí)的學(xué)生提供實(shí)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)R:Theuniversityprovidesinternshipchancesforforthyearjournalismstudents.Theinternshipwilltake20hoursperweekandthisprofessionalexperiencecanreceatraditionaljournalcourse,studentscanpracticewritinglongarticlestopublishonnewspaperandgainmoreexperiencefromL:Thewomanwhoisajournalismstudentholdsapositiveattitudetowardsit.Firstly,shesaysthatshecanobtainmoreprofessionalexperiencebeforegraduationandthisrealworkcanbeaddedtoherFurthermore,shesaystherecementofonecoursecansavetimetochooseanothercourses,likenewspapercourse.實(shí)習(xí)將每周工作 L：女人是一 專業(yè)的學(xué)生持積極態(tài)度23館家具太舊，大學(xué)是要去買(mǎi)些新家具和取代舊的。R:Thefurnitureoflibraryistooold,theuniversityisgoingtobuysomenewfurnitureandrecetheoldones.Thenewfurniturewillmakestudentsmorecomfortableandthenattractmorestudentstocometothelibrary.L:ThewomanholdsanegativeattitudetowardsFirstly,shesaysthatthecoachesaretoosoftandpeoplewillfallasleepeasily.Itisabadwaytoconcentrateonstudying.Furthermore,shesaysthereasonwhystudentsdonotliketocometothelibraryhasnothingtodowiththefurniture.Manystudentscannotfindavailablepowerplugswhentheyhavetouse24用設(shè)備也將提高質(zhì)量。R:Thereisaproposalthatthetheaterassistantsshouldbepaidandtrained.L:ThemanholdsapositiveattitudetowardsFirstly,hesaysthatmostassistantshavetheirmainjob.example,oneofhisfriendsgaveuptherehearsalbecauseitswithhisboss'sjob.Furthermore,hesaysthetrainingwillhelptheassistantsworkbetter.Someprofessionalstaffsteachtheassistanthowtousetheequipmentwillalsoimprovethequalityofthey.25kitchen.1)giveanalternativetoeating2)havingfuntoprepareandeatwithfriends1)26L：是種享受，作業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)使他很緊張。R:Theuniversityhasdecidedthatallstudentsshouldtakethreefineartscoursesatminimum,suchassculptureanddancing.Itishopedthatbytakingthesecoursesstudentswillbemoreversatile,andthatitisagoodwaytohelpstudentsbeemployableandreducetheirpressure.L:Theboyholdsanegativeattitudetowardsit.Hecominsthatthisisnotagood.Firstly,itwilldeprivetheirdomofchoosingcourse.Andtheboyalsosaysthattakingmandatoryfineartscoursesmeansthatstudentswillhavelesstimetakingtheirmajor-relatedcourseswhichareofcoursemoreimportant.Forexample,hewantstobeabankerinthefuture,takingtoomanyartscourseswillmakehimhavenotimeforcoursesonfinanceandbanking.Apparentlytakingeconomiccourseinsteadofartcourseswillbemorehelpfultohiscareer.Furthermore,hesaysthemajorityofthestudentsdonothaveatalentoraninterestinart.Soforthem,thismeansawasteoftimeandanevenmorestressfulcollegelife.Lastsemester,hetookasculpturecourse,althoughhewaskindofenjoyable,theoverloadofmadehimverystressful.27校報(bào)計(jì)劃添加一些關(guān)于校園的學(xué)生職位。R:Theschoolnewspaperisnningtoaddsomeinformationaboutoff-campusadvertisementsforstudents.L:ThewomantotallyagreeswiththeNowadays,thejobsarenotenoughtosatisfythedemandsofstudents.Theadvertisementscanincreasethejobopportunities.(Usinganexampleofherselfinherfirstsemester.)Whenshefirstcametotheschool,shecouldnotfindanyoff-campusjob.Becausesomejobswerealreadytakenbyotherstudentsandshealsodidnotknowhowtofindasuitablejob,especialwhenshewasafreshmen.SotheadvertisementswilloffertheinformationandhelpstudentsaTheoff-campusadvertisementscouldofferstudentsmorerelated-workinthestudents'futurecareer.(Usinganexampleofherfriendwhowanttobealawyer).Oneofherfriendwantstobealawyerbutworksatabookstorenow,ifsheseetheadsonthenewspaper,shecouldfindajobinlawofficeswhichcanbeangoodexperienceinherresumeandhelpherfuturecareer.L： 28計(jì)算機(jī)決定印刷費(fèi)：學(xué)生可以免費(fèi)打印十頁(yè)，每次要支付5美分的附加頁(yè)。R:Thecomputerlabdecidedtochargefeesforprinting:studentscanonlyprinttenpagesforandhavetopay5centsforeachadditionalpage.Thedecisionisintendedtosavepaper,andthemoneychargedcanbeusedtopurchasemoreprintersL:ThewomanthinkitisagoodThiswillmakestudentsmoreconsciousabouthowmanypagestheyneedtoprint.Manystudentsevenprintthewholebookandthetitlewhichisnouseandisakindofwaste,sothecanmaketheprintingefficientandavoidprintingthoseunnecessaryNowtheyhavetowaitforalongtimetoprint,ifthemoneywhichstudentspayforadditionalprintingcanbeusedtopurchasemoreandbetterprinters,theirtimecanbesavedanditwillbenefitallstudentsinturn.決策的目的是為了節(jié)省紙張，和收取款項(xiàng)可以用來(lái)29沒(méi)有的海報(bào)在學(xué)生中心的墻，只能放在樓板。Reading【Proposal】Nomoreposteronwallofstudentscenter,onlycanputonthebuildingboard.【Reasons】 1.Postersmakethebuilding 2.Posterswillbeputonthewallofthedininghall. Thegirldisagrees.【Reasons】1.Boringsquareandgreyconcretewall. 2.Postercolorfulandchangemakeitcharming,giveitcharacter. 3.Notmanypeopleeatatdininghallandhavenochanceseetheannouncements.【原因】1。海報(bào)使建筑缺乏。2。海30Reading:Notice:TheUniversityrequiresfirstyearstudentstotakeastudyskillcourseReason1:TohelpthemprepareforschoollifeReason2:Theclasswillbelimitedto20studentsThemanReason1:Studentsdoneeddifferentskillsnowthatthey’reinuniversity;thingsaredifferentfromwhentheywereinhighschool,likethemandidn’thaveacluewhenhewrotehisfirstresearchReason2:Smallclassisbetterbecausestudentsgettoinctwiththeprofessors,theycanaskquestionsandshareideas,whenhetookbigclasses,allhecoulddowassittingthereandlistening1： 31Proposal:ThestudentsuggeststoclosedownthecoffeeshopReason1:ThelightisnotgoodenoughtostudyReason2:FewstudentsgothereanywayReason1:Thelightiswaymuchbetternow,it'salmostasgoodasinthelibraryReason2:Alotofstudentsgothereatnight1：理由1：光是現(xiàn)在好多了，這簡(jiǎn)直是在館的原因2：很多學(xué)生在晚上去那32學(xué)生建議大學(xué)取消食品車(chē)服務(wù)。Reading【Proposal】Thestudentsuggeststheuniversitytocancelthefoodcartservice.【Reasons】 1.Toomuchgarbage2.JunkfoodListening Thewomandisagrees.【Reasons】1.It’squiteeasytocleanup,thegarbageisnotabigdeal.2.Hotdogsandjuiceofferedbythefoodcartiswhatkeepsherconcentrated ontheclasses,shedoesn’thavetostarve.33閱讀里學(xué)校通知學(xué)生在畢業(yè)前都要參與16小時(shí)的志愿活動(dòng)，里表示同意，因?yàn)樗齝ousin參與這個(gè)項(xiàng)目后改變了自己的職業(yè)目標(biāo)成為了老師，另外學(xué)34R【學(xué)校通知】學(xué)校準(zhǔn)備建一個(gè)arthistorybuildingto modatetheincreasingstudents;sophisticatedfacilitiesenableprofessorstoprojecttheartworksinalargescreen【學(xué)生態(tài)度】同意因?yàn)榭梢匀菁{的學(xué)生，lastyearshefailedtoparticipate(:hinesehistorybecausetheclasssizewaslimitedt015students，還有更大的screen看老師showpicturesandsculptures更清晰。她之前上的課程老師給的image太小，很多細(xì)節(jié)都blurry，看到details了35 n說(shuō)要節(jié)能，1要換窗，有著更好的隔溫效果2要改變樓的開(kāi)放時(shí) heat，如果能換窗，能答到節(jié)能的目的;236newartmuseum,因?yàn)椋簞e的很多學(xué)校都有，然后可：男生不同意。1downtownmuseum，好像還有個(gè)大師在那里有展覽，學(xué)生Monday;2、這是個(gè)expensiveproject，學(xué)校不舍得花錢(qián)~37為：1新生已經(jīng)有很多機(jī)會(huì)相互了解了，比如活動(dòng)什么的，而且他們很多課都一起上；2很多學(xué)生喜歡混住的宿舍，包括包括她就是被這種mixedtype吸引38校上的信，建議學(xué)校取消professionalpoetryreading，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為，參poet部分學(xué)生都不知道，應(yīng)該要貼poster在學(xué)校別的地方，例如宿舍，館，教室大樓：館的CD的確有CD，但是poet來(lái)學(xué)校表演可以看見(jiàn)他們的肢體語(yǔ)39wildernessclub，wildnessclub說(shuō)有很多美景但student不能去看因?yàn)闆](méi)車(chē)這個(gè)n可以幫助學(xué)生出去景，還有就是學(xué)習(xí)很辛苦haveabreak能放松spentawholedayincountrysidecanhelpstudenttocleartheirtheirheadsandthencomebacktouniversityandhitthebooks4041Schoolart可以disyandintroduce學(xué)生的Proliftsdonatetotheconstructionofnewnotnecessary-studentcenter可以disy而且keepmoneyfor42【】：一個(gè)學(xué)生寫(xiě)信給學(xué)校proposesthat學(xué)校Radiocenter換歌，放很少聽(tīng)到的歌(lessened-known)。 attractstudents。 優(yōu)點(diǎn)二：學(xué)生會(huì)因?yàn)椴皇煜じ枨?聽(tīng)到后就會(huì)去找演奏者資料，有助于educatestudents。 【學(xué)生議論】：X生贊成此倡議。理由1：大多數(shù)學(xué)校的廣播音樂(lè)放得都一樣，放不熟悉的歌可以變得獨(dú)特。理由2：加入一些討論音樂(lè)的，幫助了解音樂(lè)史等。43increasetheattendanceofpoetryweekdayeveningweekdayafternoon第二點(diǎn)原因。studentscanreadtheirpoem,anditencouragesmorestudentstoattendbecausetheywillinvitetheirfriendstocometolistentotheirpoetry44increasetheattendanceofpoetryweekdayeveningweekdayafternoon第二點(diǎn)原因。studentscanreadtheirpoem,anditencouragesmorestudentstoattendbecausetheywillinvitetheirfriendstocometolistentotheirpoetry4546Proposal:Thestudentsuggeststhatacommitteeshouldbeformedtorunthefundingprograminsteadoflettingtheadministratordecide.Reason1:Studentsknowwhattheyneedandwhat’simportantReason2:GoodforleadershipListening Thestudentdisagrees Reason1:TheadministratorismoreobjectivethanthestudentsReason2:Studentsaretoobusytojoinacommitteelikethat原因1：學(xué)生們知道他們需要什么，重要的原因2：好的 生更客觀原因2：學(xué)生忙于參加 47學(xué)生認(rèn)為應(yīng)該有一個(gè)共享程序原因Proposal:Thestudentsuggeststhatthereshouldbearide-sharingprogramReason1:ReducethemoneyspentonthecarsReason2:ReducepollutionListening Thewoman Reason1:Shespendsalotofmoneyonfuelandcarfixing,thiscansavehersomemoney Reason2:Carbon-dioxidewillbelessaslongastherearelesscars減少的錢(qián)花在車(chē)的理由2：減少污染聽(tīng)女人48閱讀講學(xué)校要紿學(xué)生配備電子閱讀設(shè)備，學(xué)生可以買(mǎi)直接在設(shè)備上讀。這樣買(mǎi)書(shū)的成本會(huì)降低，而且攜帶性比較強(qiáng)。里同意，她自己是藝術(shù)史專業(yè)學(xué)生，買(mǎi)書(shū)常常要花幾百塊，因?yàn)闀?shū)上的彩色很多。另外因?yàn)樗?9housinginsteadofthedormitoryfacultyclosertoworkce。然后男的。他說(shuō)學(xué)生已經(jīng)在宿舍住了很久了，宿舍離cafetown50Reading:2：更容易尋找的東2：不是每個(gè)人都有一臺(tái)筆記本電腦帶到課堂Reasonl:Easiertotakenotes,studentscanbetterconcentrateonthelectureReason2:EasiertolookthingsupThemanReasonl:Laptopscanbedistracting,studentsmightusetheinternetorsendsReason2:NoteveryonehasalaptoptobringtoSPEAKING1Definition:Trialofferisabusinessterm,meansyoucantrysomethingbeforebuyingit,it'sameanofselling.Lecture:Theprofessoruseshisownexample.HesawacommercialonTVaboutstretchingmachine,andhewasattractedbythefitguyswithamazingmusclesinthecommercial,butsincetherewasonlyanumberforbuyersthere,hestartedhesitatingbecausethismachineisunheardofandhe'snotfamiliarwiththefunctionofthemachine,sohedidn'tbuyit.Severaldayslater,hesawthesamecommercialfromanotherchannel,thistime,theyofferedaone-month-trialwiththenumbersforbuyers,andyoucanpayafterthetrial,sotheprofessoroneandpaidforitafterthetrial.定義:審判提供業(yè)務(wù)術(shù)語(yǔ),意味著你可以嘗試它之前,這是一個(gè)意味著。講座:教道,這一次,他們提供了一個(gè)one-month-trial買(mǎi)家的,你可以免費(fèi)試用后支付,所以保留一個(gè)教授和后免費(fèi)試用。2閱讀：consistencyeffect,人對(duì)一個(gè)東西的評(píng)價(jià)和以前不一樣，但是他自己意KeyReading:Consistencyeffectmeanspeopleoftencannotrealizetheirchangeofcommentstowardsseveralthings.Theprofessorgivesanexampleofhisbrotherwhodislikedhisinthepast,heevencominedaboutthewiththeprofessor.Butlaterhechangedhismindtowardshim/her.Whentalkingaboutthenegativeattitudeheusedtohavetowardsthe,hewasverysurprised. 說(shuō)明；一個(gè)是一群shareexperience的人，有過(guò)共同經(jīng)歷，只要mention事情的keyword就能引起共鳴。summarize一下就可以了。45信息超載：信息量超過(guò)了人們的能力來(lái)處理它。Informationoverload:amountofinformationexceedspeople’scapacitytoprocessTheprofessorgivestwoexamples.First,whenarecruits,theymightreceivealotofapplicationsonthefirstday,buttheydon’thavetimetogothrougheveryapplication,sotheyonlylookatsomeimportantinformationandignoretherest.Second,sometimeswhenpeoplereceivetoomuchinformation,likewhentheyaremendedtoomanymaterials,theymightjustnotlookatanythingatall.26是anticipatedconsequence，在做決定之前要先想可能性的教授講到要給姐姐買(mǎi)，但自己發(fā)現(xiàn)了好看的jacket。預(yù)算不夠，如果買(mǎi)了jacket只能給姐姐買(mǎi)差一些的了。但如果這樣教授會(huì)很愧疚，為了避免這一點(diǎn)，教授最終沒(méi)有買(mǎi)jacket，給姐姐買(mǎi)了很好的。7術(shù)語(yǔ)是Closecommunicationbias，跟熟悉的人交流有，人們可能給對(duì)熟professorJackclearanddetailed,Jack8斷這個(gè)人。Reading:VirtuebyAssociation—whenwedon’tknowsomeonewell,wewilljudgethisaccordingtothepeopleororganizationsthatarerelatedtothis.Lecture:Thetownwheretheprofessorliveshadamayorselection.Hevotedsomeonewhowasbornfromanicefamilybecausethiscandidate’smomusedtobeaprettygoodmayor20yearsago.However,thisnewmayordidn’tbehavewellafterbeingselected.讀這個(gè)候選人的母親過(guò)去是20年前的一個(gè)漂亮的。然而，這一新在被選9Thereadingtalksaboutsocialresponsibilityforenterprisestotaketosaveournet.Theprofessorgivesanexampleofcoffeeshop.First,thecoffeeshoppracticesprotectingenvironmentbyrecyclingpapercups.Second,thecoffeeshopencouragesit’scustomerstobringtheirowncupstogetsomediscount.Therefore,thecoffeeshop esthemostpopularcaféinthetownsensitizingAnimalfacetothesimulationcanreactmorerapidlythanthefirsttime11MaskingAnimalswillbedisturbedbyenvironmentnoisewhentransmittingandreceivinginformation.在傳送和接收信息時(shí)，動(dòng)物會(huì)受到環(huán)境噪聲的干淺海魚(yú)群遷移到深海中尋找豐富的食物或躲避天敵。VerticalmigrationMarinestocksmigrateupanddownintheseaforplentifulfoodoravoidingTheprofessorgivesanexampleofsquid.Indaytime,squidarelikelytobeexposedtopredatorsduetosunlight,sotheywillhideatthebottomoftheoceanbecausedarknesswillprotectthem.Butduringthenight,squidmigratetothesurfaceofthewatertosearchforfoodandstayuntilthenextmorning.海洋類(lèi)在海中遷移，以豐富13Term:Peoplecanbeinfluencedbytheirpreviousbehavior.人們可以Example1:Whenprofessorlearnedtoypiano,insteadoflookingatthepianokeyboard,heonlyneededtolookatthenotebook.Afterthat,whenhelearnedty,hedidn’tneedtolookathecomputerkeyboardeither.Example2:Theprofessor’sfriendusedtoyinadrama,andhewasrequiredtospeakaloudintherehearsal.Later,healsospokealoudwhenheyedinamovie,buthewasrequiredtolowerhisvoicebecausehecanusethemicrophone.1：當(dāng)教授學(xué)會(huì)彈鋼琴，而不2：教授的朋友過(guò)去在戲劇中扮演一個(gè)戲劇，他需要在排練中大聲朗讀。后14行為BehavioralIfpeoplerepeatedlyexposethemselvesintheenvironmentthattheyareafraidofinthebeginningwithoutanybadexperience,theywillgetridofthescary.如果人們一再地在他們害怕的環(huán)境中，沒(méi)15CredenceproductDefinition:thegoodsthatarehardtojudgeitseffects.Peoplebuythemonlybasedontheirattitudesofcredence.Example:There’saTVcommercialaboutcalciumsupplementsclaimingthatcalciummakesbones estrongerandmostpeoplelackofcalcium.Althoughtheprofessorthinksthere’snothingwrongwithhisbones,hestillbuysitanywayandassumesitmightbegoodforhishealth.定義：很難判斷其效果的商品。人買(mǎi)他們只是基于他們的態(tài)度16Lecture:afamilyspentweekendathome.Thefathersuggestedtogotothedowntownandhavedinner.一家人在家度過(guò)的周末。Hiswifeanddaughtertookhisadviceandwenttodowntowninordernottodisappointhim,buttheydidn’thaveagoodtime.Then,everyonesaidtheirrealthinking.他的妻子和女兒的建議，去市中心，為了不讓他失17Term:impassionmanagementExample1:Whenastudentgivesapresentation,thestudentwillbewelldressedtomakeothersthinkthattheyareseriousandwellExample2:Theprofessoroncegavearidetothe oftheUnitedStates.Hedidnotknowthat’sinthefirst Afterknownthat,hewashedhiscar,andturnedonclassicalmusic,althoughhedidnotlikeclassicalmusic1：當(dāng)一個(gè)學(xué)生給出一個(gè)演示18無(wú)法修改。Assimilationand modation:Peopletendtoincludeanewconceptintothecategorytheyhavealreadyknown,andmodifytheoldcategoryifitdoesn'tfit.19Animalsbenefitfromhumanenvironment.Forexample,dovescanbeseenoncampusbuildingsorontheground.Theythinkit'ssafetoraisetheirchildrenhere.Alsostudentsfeedthemwithmeatandvegetables,soit'salsoeasyforthemtogetabig20Sampleanswer:一些廢棄的房子，但具有歷史價(jià)值的可重復(fù)使用和賦予新的功Thereadingpassageintroducesadefinitionofadaptivereuse,whichmeanssomeabandonedbuildingbutwithhistoricalvaluecanbereusedandgivennewfunctions.Theprofessorusedtoworkinanarchitecture.Heconvertedanoldchocolatefactoryintoaconcerthallsuccessfully.Thefactoryhadagreatexteriorwithhistoricalvalueanditalsomaintaineditsmainstructure,whichwasperfecttobetransformedintoahall.Also,becauseofitsgreatheightandinsideceiling,itwasgoodforaudiencetolistentothemusicwhileenjoyingthebeautifulviewofthecitythroughlarge21【】：defensivepessimism:人們會(huì)預(yù)期到悲觀的情況，所以會(huì)采取NY到了的情況，所以他事先放了衣服和paper在他的carry-onbag；但professor22aconceptofactor,當(dāng)表演中出了一點(diǎn)問(wèn)題，heforgottolalines.但教授夫婦覺(jué)得表goodactor.23professorsinkintothebottomfigures.1)一種fin長(zhǎng)在魚(yú)身體兩邊。像飛機(jī)的機(jī)翼。2)一種氣囊，像ballon。在水里可以呼releasegastofloatonthewater.24【】：falsesignaling是動(dòng)物如何用假信號(hào)，化學(xué)信號(hào)吸引捕捉其【教授舉例】中教授用spider和moth做例子spiderreleaseachemicaltomimicthefemalemoth.malemothfollowsthescentreleasedbyspider,andthentrappedonthespider'snet。25【術(shù)語(yǔ)】Aggressiverecruiting【講座例子】lecturegym體是，gym在推廣期讓消費(fèi)者免費(fèi)獲得指導(dǎo)，一個(gè)月以后取消免費(fèi)政策，gymcustomerbasis，是有效26cyclicpopulationchange（ecosystem）中，生物之間的數(shù)量（population） 一個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)明。講一種mice和它的predator（可能是某種wolf）之間互相 (1)prey(mice)多，predator食物充足（有益于健康，繁殖），population增加； (2)prey少了，predator食物減少了，population減少； (3)predator少了，prey又開(kāi)始多起來(lái)了，（又接上第一階段）如此循環(huán)，population平衡。 段，因?yàn)槭莄yclic，不斷重復(fù)這三個(gè)階段。 說(shuō)populationcyclechange的定義和例子。27勵(lì)良好行為的學(xué)生。Reading:Thereadingpassageintroducesatermcalledtokenreward,whichisaneffectivedisciplinetoolintheclassroomtorewardstudentswithdesirablebehaviors.Listening:(Theprofessor)Well,todaywewilltalkaboutthetokenreward.Iwillgiveanexampletoillustratethisterm.Forinstance,therewasaclassIoncetaught,whichhadafewunrulyandnoisykids.Soirewardedtheotherquietkidswith15minutesextratimetoyonthe yground.However,somekidsjustdidn'tcareaboutgoingoutto y.Theyjustlikedtodrawintheclassroom.SoIdevisedanotherrewardsysteminwhichIrewardedgoodkidswithwoodcoins.Thekidscouldearnenoughcoinstoexchangeforsometypesofpriority,likeusingthecomputerfirst.Thisway,allthekidsintheclassweremotivatedandtheirbehaviorswere28Reading:長(zhǎng)期觀察的方法，它是一種來(lái)收集信息，通過(guò)觀察。ThetermistheObservationMethod,itisameanstogatherinformationthroughobservation.Inamarket,themanagerusedtoadopttheface-to-faceinterviewtoobtaintheinformationaboutthecustomers'feelingsoftheirproductsandservice,inthisway,peopleareaffectedandnotwillingtolthetruth,sotheinformationisinaccurateandmisleading.Nowadays,thereisapopularitytousetheobservationmethod,thatis,observingtheinctionsofcustomersinasecretwaywhichpeoplewon'tnotice,thentheinformationwillbeaccurate.Listening:(Theprofessor)Well,todaywewilltalkaboutthemeans.Iwillgiveanexampletoillustratethisterm.Forinstance,therearethreesectionsinanartmuseum,peoplewanttofindoutwhichispopular.Whentheface-to-faceinterviewisused,peoplewillsayallsectionsaregoodandnonegativeanswerbecausetheymightbeafraidofhurtingthefeelingofinterviewer.Thentheobservationmethodisputintouse,thesecurityguardskeeptractsonthevisitors,theytooknotesabouthowmanypeopleineachsectionandhowmuchtimetheyspendthere.Inthisway,theaccurateinformationisobtained.29人們看到的取決于他們的經(jīng)歷R:Thetermisthepriming,itmeansthewaypeopleinterpret,somethingthatpeopleseedependsonwhattheirexperiencehave.L:(Theprofessor)Well,todaywewilltalkaboutthepriming.Iwillgiveanexampletoillustratethisterm.Forinstance,twowomensawastrangermansitnearbywhentheyareonthebus,themanopenednotebookandwrotesomethingonit.Onewillthinkofstudentwhenseeingamanonthebusbecauseshemethercollegefriendearlier.Anotherwillthinkthemanisapoetrybecauseshejustreadapoembookearlier.30挫折承受力。R:ThetermisthefrustrationL:(Theprofessor)Well,todaywewilltalkaboutthefrustrationtolerance.Iwillgiveanexampletoillustratethisterm.Forinstance,whenIboughtsomebuildingblocksformyson,everytimehisstackingtowerfallshewillcallme.ButIwillstaylongerdaybydaythanbeforetomakemysoncanstackatowerwhileheiswaitingformyhelponeday.31R:Thetermisthesubject-expectancyeffective,itmeansthatthethoughtsofpeoplewilldependsonwhattheyalreadyknow.L:(Theprofessor)Well,todaywewilltalkaboutthesubject-expectancyeffective.Iwillgivesomeexamplestoillustratethisterm.Forinstance,amanagertoldagroupofofficersthattheywillbeofferedmoreworksandtheyshouldbemoreconcentratedonit.However,theamountofworkswasthesameastheamountbeforetheofficersweretold,theresultsshowedthattheofficersworkharderbeforetheyweretold,justbecausetheyknewtherewillbemoreworks.Anotherexperimentisagavetheirfatigueandtiredworkersakindofvitaminwhichcanenergypeopleup,butactuallythepillsarenormalcebo,theresultsshowedthattheworkefficientimprovedafterworkstookthefakevitamin.32informationoverload:33 R:Thetermisthe cemarketing,itisamarketingstrategytopromotethemostuniquefeaturesofacewhichcandistinguishitfromothers.L:(Theprofessor)Well,todaywewilltalkaboutthecemarketing.Forexample,aseasidetownwhichhasabeautifulbeachandmanybicyclepathsaroundit,butthemostattractivefeaturesofthetownarethebicyclepathsthere,sothetownusestheseasitsuniquefeaturesformarketing ns,advertisingthatpeoplecannotonlyenjoybeachherebutalso yvolleyball,docyclingandothersports.Thiswillattractmanyactiveyoungpeopleandthosewholoveexercise,andasaresultmanyotherbusinessescanalsobedeveloped,suchashosandsportsequipment.34鎖定客戶，如果產(chǎn)品R:ThetermistheCustomerLock-in,ifthecustomerbuyaproductfromonemanufactory,hewilldependonthisbrandanditwillalsocostalotwhenhechangestootherL:(Theprofessor)Well,todaywewilltalkabouttheCustomerLock-in.Thishappensalotinourdailylife.WhenIusedtohaveacameraofbrandA,andonepartofthecamera(zoom?)isbroken.OnedayIpassedashopandthecameraof brandBisonsale,soIwanttobuythezoom(?)frombrandBwhichisbetterandcheaper,butIfinditcannotsuitmybrandA'scamera,soIfinallybuythezoom(?)ofbrandAalthoughIdonotwantto.35R:ThetermistheLearningtransfer,thethingsyouusedtolearnisusefulforthethingsyouwilllearninthefuture.Learningtransferdividesintotwotypes,oneispositivetransferandanotherisnegativetransfer.L:(Theprofessor)Well,todaywewilltalkaboutthelearningtransfer.Thishappensalotinourdailylife.Learningtransferdividesintotwotypes,oneispositivetransferandanotherisnegativetransfer.Thepositivetransferisthetransferthatassistus,forexample,whenIwasachildandlearnedthepiano,IjustwatchthemusicalnotationanddidnotseethekeyboardswhileIwasy