考研英語0618年2008二真題

2008年攻讀聯(lián)工商管理英語試卷考生須 2008年攻讀工商管 入學(xué)考英語試題Section Directions:Thereare20 markedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Oilisanimportant materialwhichcanbeprocessedintomanydifferentproducts,includingstics.A B C DThehighlivingstandardsoftheUScauseitspresentpopulationto 25percentoftheworld’soil.A B C Ididn’tmeananythingbadinwhatIA B C DPicassowas whofundamentallychanged ofartforlaterA. B C D Memberstateshadtheoptionto fromthisagreementwithoneyear’snotice.Adeny Bobject CDwithdrawThetwocountriesachievedsomeprogressinthesphereoftraderelations,traditionallysourceABCD Williamshadnotbeenthereduringthe momentswhenthekidnaphadtakence.Asuperior Brigorous Cvital Dunique TravelaroundJapantoday,andoneseesforeignresidentsawide ofjobs.Arange Bfield Cscale Darea Modernmanufacturinghas aglobalriverofmaterialsintoastunningarrayofnewA B C DLightninghasbeenthesecondlargeststormkillerintheUSoverthepast40yearsandisonlybyflood.A B C D astheargumentbetweenthetwomotoristsbecamemorebad-A. B. C. D.Somesuffererswillquicklyberestoredtoprefect otherswilltakealongerA. B. C. D.Mybrotherlikeseatingverymuchbutheisn’t aboutthefoodheA. B. C. D.BritainmightstillbepartofFranceifitweren’t adisastrousflood200.000yearsago,accordingtoscientistsfromImperialCollegeinLondon.A. B. C. D.Thewaterprizeisaninternationalawardthat outstandingcontributionstowardssolvingglobalwaterproblems.A. B. C. D.Inits14yearsof ,theEuropeanUnionhasearnedthescornofitscitizensandskepticismfromtheUnitedStates.A. B. C. D.Hisexcuseforbeinglatethismorningwashiscar intheA.started B.got C.set D.stood widespreadbeliefcockroaches螳螂)wouldnottakeovertheworldiftherewerenoaroundtosteponthem.A.Inview B.Thanks C.Incase D.ContraryConsciouslyornot,ordinarycitizensandernmentbureaucratsstill thenotionthatJapanesesocietyisauniqueculture.A.fitin B.lookdown C.cling D.holdAsyoucanseebyyourself, tobeexactlyastheprofessorhadA.turned B.turned C.turned D.turnedSection Cloze(10andD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)OlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryearsatadifferentsite,inwhichathletes_21differentnationscompeteagainsteachotherina22_ofsports.TherearetwotypesofOlympics,theSummerOlympicsandthewinterOlympics.Inorderto23theOlympics,acitymustsubmitaproposaltotheinternationalcommittee(IOC).Afterallproposalshavebeen_24,theIOCvotes.Ifonecityissuccessfulingainingamajorityinthefirstvote,thecitywiththefewestvotesiseliminated,andvotingcontinueswith25rounds,untilamajoritywinnerisdetermined.TypicallytheGamesareawardedseveralyearsinadvance,26thewinningcitytimetopreparefortheGames.Inselectingthe_27oftheOlympicGames,theIOCconsidersanumberoffactors,chiefamongthemwhichcityhas,orpromisestobuild,thebestfacilities,andwhichorganizingcommitteeseemsmostlikelyto_28theGameseffectively.TheIOCalso_29whichpartsoftheworldhavenotyethostedtheGames._30,Tolkyo,Japan,thehostofthe1964SummerGames,andMexicocity,Mexico,thehostofthe1968summerGames,werechosen_31topopularizetheOlympicmovementInAsiaandinLatinAmerica._32thegrowingimportanceofevisionworldwide,theIOCinrecentyearshasalsotakeninto_33thehostcity’stimezone._34theGamestakeceintheUnitedStatesorCanada,forexample,Americanevisionnetworksarewillingtopay_35higheramountsforevisionrightsbecausetheycanbroadcastpopularevents36,inprimeviewinghours.37theGameshavebeenawarded.Itistheresponsibilityofthelocalorganizingcommitteetofinancethem.ThisisoftendonewithaportionoftheOlympicevision38_andwithcorporatesponsorships,ticketsales,andothersmallerrevenuesources.Inmany39thereisalsodirecternmentsupport.AlthoughmanycitieshaveachievedafinancialprofitbyhostingtheGames,theOlympicscanbefinancially40.WhentherevenuesfromtheGameswerelessthanexpected,thecitywasleftwithlargedebts.21.A.B.C.D.22.A.B.C.D.23.A.B.C.D.24.A.B.C.D.25.A.B.C.D.26.A.B.C.D.27.A.B.C.D.28.A.B.C.D.29.A.B.C.D.30.A.ForB.AsaC.InD.Onthe31.A.inB.inC.inD.in32.A.B.C.AsD.Because33.A.B.C.D.34.A.B.C.D.35.A.B.C.D.36.A.B.C.D.37.A.B.C.D.38.B.C.D.39.A.40.A.B.B.C.C.D.D.SectionⅢReadingDirections:Therearefourpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletteronANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingLastweekendKyleMacDonaldinMontrealthrewapartytocelebratethefactthathegothisnewhomeinexchangeforaredpaperclip.Startingayearago,MacDonaldbarteredtheclipforincreasinglyvaluablestuff,includingacampstoveand rentinaPhoenixflat.Havingannouncedhisaim(thehouse)inadvance,MacDonaldlikelygotaboostfromtechieseagertoseetheInternetpassthisdaringtestofitsnetworkingpower.“Mywholemotto(座右銘)was‘Startsmall,thinkbig,andhavefun’,”saysMacDonald,26,“Ireallykeptmyeffortonthecreativesideratherthanthebusinessside.”YetasoddastheMacDonaldexchangewas,barterisnowbigbusinessontheNet.Thisyearmorethan400,000companiesworldwidewillexchangesome$10billionworthofgoodsandservicesonagrowingnumberofbartersites.TheseWebsitesallowcompaniestotradeproductsforavirtualcurrency,whichtheycanusetobuygoodsfromothermembers.InIceland,garment-makerKapusalansellsathirdofitsoutputontheboomingVidskiptanetidexchange,earningvirtualmoneythatitusestobuymachineryandpaypartofemployeesalaries.TheTroc-servicesexchangeinFranceoffersmorethan4,600services,frommathlessonstoironing.Thisisnotaprimitivebartersystem.Bycreatingcurrencies,theInternetremovesamajorbarrier—whatBobMeyer,publisherofBarterNews,calls“thedoublecoincidenceofwants.”Thatis,twopartiesoncenotonlyhadtofindeachother,butalsoanexchangeofgoodsthatbothdesired.Now,theycanpricethedealinvirtualcurrency.Barteralsohelpsfirmsmakeuseofidlecapacity.Forexample,advertisingis“hugelybartered”becausemanymedia,particularlyontheWebcansupplynewadspaceatlittlecost.Moreover,Internetadsdon’tregisterinindustry-growthstatistics,becausemanyexchangesarearrangedoutsidetheformalexchanges.LikeeBay,mostbartersitesallowmembersto“grade”tradingpartnersforhonestyqualityandsoon..Barterexchangescanallowfirmsincountrieswithhyperinflationornontradablecurrenciestoenterglobaltrades.Nextyear,anonprofitexchangecalledQuickLiftTwo(QL2)nstoopeninNairobi,offeringbarterdealsto38,000Kenyanfarmersinremoteareas.Twosmallneswilldeliverthegoods.QL2directorGaciiWaciumasaysthefarmersareexcitedtobe“l(fā)iberatedfromcorruptmiddlemen.”Forthem,barterevokesabrightfuture,notaprecapitalistpast.Theword“techies”(Line4,Para1)probablyreferstothosewhoareafraidof B.skilledinC.ignorantof petentinManypeoplemayhave yhelpedKylebecausetheywereimpressedbyhis B.wereeagertoidentifywithhisC.likedhisgoalannouncedin D.hopedtoprovethepoweroftheTheInternetbartersystemreliesheavilyonthesizeofbarter B.theuseofvirtualC.thequalityofgoodsor D.thelocationoftradingItisimpliesthatInternetadvertisementscanhelpcompaniesmakemore B.companiesdoformalC.mediaregisterin D.mediagradebarterWhichofthefollowistrueofQL2accordingtotheItiscriticized ngbusinessinaprimitiveItaimstodealwithhyperinflationinsomeIthelpsgetridofmiddlemenintradeandItisintendedtoevaluatetheperformanceoftradingQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingThelivesofveryfewNewarkresidentsareuntouchedby :NewJersey’sbiggestcityhasseenitall.Yetthemurderofthreeyoungpeople,whoweredtokneelbeforebeingshotinthebackoftheheadinaschoolygroundonAugust4th,hasshakenthecity.A ,whosurvived,wasstabbedandshotintheface.Thefourvictimswerebyallaccountsgoodkids,allenrolledincollege,allwithafuture.Butthecruelmurder,itseems,hasatlastdNewarkerstosaytheyhavehadenough.Grassrootsorganizations,likeStopShooting,havebeenfloodedwithoffersofhelpsupportsincethekillings.YusefIsmail,itsco-founder,saysthegrouphasbeengoingdoor-to-dooraskingpeopletosignapledgeofnon- .Theyhopetoget50,000topromiseto“stopshooting,startthinking,andkeepliving.”TheNewarkCommunityFoundation,whichwaslaunchedlastmonth,announcedonAugust14ththatitwillhelppayforCommunityEye,asurveillance(監(jiān)視)systemtailoredtowardsguncrime.CoryBookerwhobecamemayor13monthsagowithamissiontorevitalizethecity,believesthesurveillanceprogramwillbethelargestcameraandaudionetworkinanyAmericancity.Morethan30cameraswereinstalledearlierthissummerandafurther50willbeinstalledsoonina areawhere80%ofthecity’srecentshootingshaveoccurred.AndmorecamerasareWhenagunshotisdetected,thesurveillancecamerazoomsinonthatspot.SimilartechnologyinChicagohasincreasedarrestsanddecreasedshootings.Mr.Bookernstoannounceacomprehensivegunstrategylaterthisweek.Mr.Booker,aswellaschurchleadersandothers,believes(orhopes)thatafterthemurderthecitywillnolongerstandbyincoldness.Forgenerations,Newarkhasbeenparalyzedbypoverty----almostoneinthreepeoplelivesbelowthepovertylineandgrowingindifferencetoSomeareskeptical.SteveMalangaoftheconservativeManhattanInstitutenotesthatNewarkhasdeepsocialproblems:over60%ofchildrenareinhomeswithoutfathers.Theschoolsystem,takenoverbythestatein1995,isamess.Butthereisalsosomecauseforhope.SinceMr.Bookerwaselected,therehasbeenariseininvestmentandre-zoningfordevelopment.Onlyaround7%ofnearbyNewarkairportworkersusedtocomefromNewark;now,ayear,thefigureis30%.MrBookerhaslaunchedaNewYork-stylewaroncrime.Sofarthisyear,crimehasfallen11%andshootingsaredown30%(throughthemurderratelookslikelytomatchlastyear’shigh).WhathappenedinNewark,NewJerseyonAugustTheNewarkresidentswitnessedaFouryoungpeoplewerekilledinaschoolThenewmayorofNewarktookFourcollegestudentsfellvictim Judgingfromthecontext,the“CommunityEye”(Line5,Paraawatchingsystemforgun B.aneighborhoodprotectionC.anunprofitablecommunity D.agrassrootsWelearnfromthepassagethatNewarkhasallthefollowingproblems B.C. D.MayorBooker’seffortagainstcrimeseemto B.C. D.ThebesttitleforthepassagemayStopShooting,StartThinking,andKeepEffortstoFightagainstGunAMissiontoRevitalizetheViolentMurdersinQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingAccordingtoarecentsurveyonmoneyandrelationships,36percentofpeoplearekeeabankaccountfromtheirpartner.Whilethisfinancialunfaithfulnessmayappearasdistrustinarelationship,intruthitmayjustbeaformoffinancialWithalmosthalfofallmarriagesendingindivorce,menandwomenarerealizingtheyneedtobefinanciallysavvy,regardlessofwhethertheyareinarelationship.Thefinancialhardshiponindividualsafteradivorcecanbeextremelydifficult,evenmoresowhenchildrenareinvolved.Thelackofpermanencyinrelationships,jobsandfamilylifemaybethecauseofagrowingtrendtokeepasecretbankaccounthiddenfromapartner;inotherwords,an”escapefund”.Margaret’sstoryisfarfromunique.Sheisarepresentativeofagrowingnumberofwomeninlong-termrelationshipswhoare ingprotectiveoftheirownearnings.Everymonthonpayday,shebankshundredsofdollarsintoasavingsaccountshekeepsfromherhusband.Shehasbeenngthisthroughouttheirsix-yearmarriageandhasbuiltanesteggworthanincredible$100,000ontopofherpension.Margaretsaysifherhusbandfoundoutabouthersecretsavingshe’dhurtandwouldinterpretthisasasignshewasn’tsureofthemarriage.”He’dthinkitwasmyescapefunsothatfinanciallyIcouldaffordtogetoutoftherelationshipifitwentwrong.IknowyoushouldapproachmarriageasbeingforeverandIhopeoursis,butyoucanneverbesure.”Likemanyofherfellowsecretsavers,Margaretwasstunginaformerrelationshipandhassincebeenveryguardedaboutherownmoney.Comingcleantoyourpartneraboutbeingasecretsavermaynotbeallthatbad.TakeColleenforexample,whohadbeensavingsecretlyforafewyearsbeforesheconfessedtoherpartner.”Idecidedtoopenasavingsaccountandstartbuildinganesteggofmyown.IwantedtoprovetomyselfthatIcouldputmoneyinthebankandleaveitthereforarainyday.”“WhenJohnfoundoutaboutmysecretsavings,hewasalittlesuspiciousofmymotives.IreassuredhimthatthiswascertainlynotanescapefundthatIfeelverysecureinoutrelationship.Ihavetoadmitthatitdoesfeelgoodtohavemyownmoneyonreserveifevertherearerainydaysinthefuture.It’ssensibletobuildandprotectyouralfinancialsecurity.”Thetrendtokeepasecretbankaccountisgrowingescapefundhelpsonethroughrainy B.daysaregettingharderandC.womenaremoney D. soften B.C. D.WhichinferencecanwemakeaboutSheisaunique B.ShewasonceC.Sheisgoingto D.ShehasmanyTheauthormentionsColleen’sexampletoanycouplecanavoidmarriageprivacywithinmarriageshouldbeeveryonecansaveafortunewithahappyfinancialdisclosureisnotnecessarilyWhichofthefollowingbestsummarythisSecret B.LoveIsWhatIt’sC.Banking Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowing“Theword‘protection’isnolongertaboo(語)”.Thisshortsentence,utteredbyFrenchNicolasSarkozylastmonth,mayhavelaunchedaneweraineconomichistoryWhydecades,Westernleadershavebelievedthatloweringtradebarriersandtariffswasanaturalgood.ngso,theyreasoned,wouldleadtogreatereconomicefficiencyandproductivity,whichinturnwouldimprovehumanwelfare. tradethusbecameamoral,notjustanTheseleaders,ofcourse,weren’tactingoutofunselfishness.Theyknewtheireconomieswerethemostcompetitive,sothey’dprofitmostfromliberalization.AnddevelocountriesfearedthattheireconomieswouldbeswampedbysuperiorWesternproductivity.Today,however,thetableshaveturned---thoughfewacknowledgeit.TheWestcontinuestopreachtrade,butpracticesitlessandless.Asian,meanwhile,continuestopleadforspecialprotectionbutpracticesmoreandmoretrade.That’swhySarkozy’swordsweresoimportant:hefinallyinjectedsomehonestyintothetradedebates.ThetruthisthatlargepartsoftheWestarelosingfaithintreetrade,thoughfewleadersadmitit.Someeconomistsaremorehonest.PaulKrugmanisoneofthefewwillingtoacknowledgethatprotectionistargumentsarereturning.Intheshortrun,therewillbewinnersandlosersundertrade.This,ofcourse,iswhatcapitalismisallabout.ButmoreandmoreoftheseloserswillbeintheWest,EconomistsinthedevelopedworldusedtolovequotingJonophSchumpeter,whosaidthat‘creativedestruction”wasanessentialpartofcapitalistgrowth.Buttheyalwaysassumedthatdestructionwouldhappenoverthere.WhenWesternworkersbeganlosingjobs,suddenlytheirleadersbegantolosefaithintheirprinciples,Thingshaveyettoreversecompley.Butthere’sclearlyanegativetrendinaWesterntheoryandpractice.Alittlehypocrisy(虛偽)isnotinitselfaseriousproblem.TherealproblemisthatWesternernmentscontinuetoinsistthattheyretaincontrolofthekeyglobaleconomicandfinancialinstitutionswhiledriftingawayfromgloballiberalization.Lockatwhat’shappeningattheIMF(InternationalMonetaryFund)TheEuropeanshavedemandedthattheykeepthepostofmanagingdirectorButalltoooften,Westernofficialsputtheirowninterestsaboveeveryoneelse’swhendominatetheseglobalThetimehasthereforecomefortheAsians-whoareclearlythenewwinnersintoday’sglobaleconomy-toprovidemoreinlectualleadershipinsupportingtrade:Sadly,theyhaveyettodoso.UnlessAsiansspeakout,however,there’sarealdangerthatAdamSmith’sprinciples,whichhavebroughtsomuchgoodtotheworld,couldgraduallydie.Andthatwouldleaveallofus,worseoff,inonewayoranother.Itcanbeinferredthat“protection”(Line1,Para.1) B.ending -tradeC.loweringmoral D.raisingtradeTheWesternleaders tradeitisbeneficialtotheiritissupportedbydeveloitmakesthemkeepfaithintheiritisadvocatedbyJosephSchumpeterandAdamBy“thetableshaveturned”(Line3-4,Para.2)theauthorimpliestheAsianleaders eadvocates thedevelopedeconomieshaveturnedlessthedeveloeconomies emoreTheWesterneconomiesusedtoliketheideaof“crea