選修六 unit 1- unit 2 grammar 虛擬語氣

Unit1-Unit2虛擬語氣2021/5/91什么是虛擬語氣？虛擬語氣表示所敘述的不是事實(shí)，而是一種愿望、假設(shè)、建議、猜測或使語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)。虛擬語氣的應(yīng)用一、虛擬語氣在if條件狀語從句中的應(yīng)用二、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用三、虛擬語氣在asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句的應(yīng)用四、特殊句型的虛擬語氣五、難點(diǎn)：特殊虛擬條件句2021/5/92一、虛擬語氣在if條件狀語從句中的應(yīng)用1、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反（對現(xiàn)在的虛擬）從句謂語：主句謂語：IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.一般過去時would,should,could,might+動詞原形2021/5/93IfI____aboy,I____thearmy.A.were,wouldjoin B.am,shalljoinC.was,wouldjoinD.was,shalljoinA注意：在虛擬語氣的從句中，be動詞的過去式一律用were，不能用was。2021/5/942、與將來事實(shí)相反（對將來的虛擬）從句謂語：主句謂語：IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Ishouldgotoseeafilm.IfheshouldhavetimenextSunday,hewouldgotovisittheGreatWall.IfIweretobetwentynextyear,Icouldtakethecourse.1）一般過去時would,should,could,might+動詞原形2）should+動詞原形3）wereto+動詞原形2021/5/95Ifhe____inadayortwo,Iwouldwaitforhim.A.returns B.shouldhavereturnedC.weretoreturn D.hadreturned2)Idon’tthinkhewillattendtheparty.Butifhe____theparty,whatwouldhewear?A.shouldattend B.wouldattendC.attend D.hadattendedCA2021/5/963、與過去事實(shí)相反（對過去的虛擬）從句謂語：主句謂語：Ifhehadcomeearlieryesterday,hewouldhaveseenher.過去完成時即had+動詞的過去分詞would,should,could,might+have+動詞的過去分詞2021/5/97Ifyou____thedoctor’sadvice,youwouldhaverecoveredalready.A.followed B.wouldfollowC.follow D.hadfollowed2)Ididn’tknowSmithwascominguntilnow.Ifyouhadletmeknowyesterday,I____totheairporttomeethim.A.wouldhavegone B.wouldgoC.willhavegone D.willgoDA2021/5/98注意：if虛擬條件句的倒裝和省略：當(dāng)從句中有were,had或should時,可省略if，把它們放在句首。1.IfIwereateacher,Iwouldhavelotsofstudents._____Iateacher,Iwouldhavelotsofstudents.2.IfIhadenteredrui’anhighschool,Iwouldnotsitherenow._________enteredrui’anhighschool,Iwouldnotsitherenow.3.IfweshouldvisitZhejiangUniversitytomorrow,Iwouldplaybasketballthere._____________visitZhejiangUniversitytomorrow,Iwouldplaybasketballthere.WereHadI

Shouldwe2021/5/99二、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用1、wish+賓語從句

IwishIwereadoctor.IwishIshouldgoabroadnextyear.3)IwishIhadseenthefootballmatch.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，賓語從句的謂語動詞用過去時。與將來事實(shí)相反，賓語從句的謂語動詞用would,could,might+動詞原形。與過去事實(shí)相反，賓語從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時。2021/5/910注意1：以上動詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式一樣。即：(should)＋v.order,command/advice,suggestion,proposal/demand,requirement,request,desireMydemandisthatshe_____________(come)

toseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory________________________(closedown).(should)come(should)be

closeddown2021/5/9112、suggest等動詞+賓語從句（在賓語從句中，謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，should可省略。）這類動詞有：

insistorder,commandadvise,suggest,proposedemand,require,request,desire即:一個堅持，兩個命令，三個建議，四個要求。Practice：我們建議湯姆去休息一下。Wesuggestedthat___________________________.他堅決要求我向他道歉。Heinsistedthat_____________________________.Tom

(should)have

arestI(should)apologizetohim堅持要某人做某事2021/5/912注意2：insist,suggest后接的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣的情況。sheinsistedthatshewasright.2)Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasunhappy.當(dāng)insist的意思是堅持某人自己的觀點(diǎn)，堅持認(rèn)為時，后接的賓語從句不能用虛擬語氣。當(dāng)suggest的意思是暗示、表明時，后接的賓語從句不能用虛擬語氣。2021/5/913Iwouldratheryou

______(pay)menow.Iwouldratheryoualso___________(go)yesterday.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryou

_________(come)tomorrow.3、wouldrather+賓語從句表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r，謂語動詞用一般過去式表示過去的情況，謂語動詞用過去完成時。paid

came

hadgone2021/5/914根據(jù)漢語意思補(bǔ)全下列句子（每空一詞）如果我?guī)уX了，我就會借給你一些。IfIhadmoneywithme,I_______________________________.2.如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會犯這樣的錯了。Ifhe_____________________________,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.3.如果下周日大雪，我們就不去滑冰了。Ifthere_______aheavysnownextSunday,we_____________________________.4.如果貝蒂知道你的地址，她早就給你寫信了。_________Betty________youraddress,shewouldhavewrittentoyou.5.如果我還年輕，我會努力學(xué)習(xí)取得學(xué)位。________________,Iwouldstudyhardtogetadegree.would

lendyousomehadtakenmyadvicewerewouldnotgoskatingHadknownWereIyoung2021/5/915三、虛擬語氣在asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句的應(yīng)用Hebehavesasifhe

________(own)thehouse.

從句表示的情況

從句謂語動詞形式

與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反

一般過去時

與過去事實(shí)相反過去完成時(had+過去分詞)

owned2021/5/9161)Shelovesthebabyasifit____________(be)herownson.2)Irememberthewholethingasifit_________________(happen)yesterday.were

hadhappened

2021/5/917evenif(eventhough)即使

Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.

EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.2021/5/9181、It’s(high)time+(that)…該是做……的時候了should+v.過去時你該走了。我們該去睡覺了。It’stimethatyouwent.It’stimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.

(should不可省略)四、特殊句型的虛擬語氣2021/5/9192、It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/impossible/apity…+that從句，

從句中的動詞要用虛擬,即(should)+動詞原形

Itisimportant

thatwe_____________(master)aforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatshe

_____________(refuse)tocometotheparty.It’snecessary

thatwe

_____________(study)hard.It’sapitythatyou_______________(miss)agoodchance.(should)master(should)refuse(should)study(should)miss2021/5/9203.Ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是...該有多好啊)

對現(xiàn)在的虛擬,用過去式;

對過去的虛擬,用過去完成時。翻譯：要是我知道答案就好了！

IfonlyIknewtheanswer!

要是我沒錯過火車就好了！

IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!2021/5/921五、難點(diǎn)：特殊虛擬條件句1.錯綜時間條件句:主句的謂語和條件從句的謂語表示的動作在時間上不一致,這時主從句謂語動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時間不同而不同,這叫做______________。Ifyou___________(ask)himyesterday,you______________(know)whattodonow.Ifthestaff__________(be)morecareful,themall_______________(notbe)onfirenow.例句中從句與過去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反混合條件句hadaskedwouldknowhadbeenwouldnotbe2021/5/9222.含蓄條件句：條件從句不表示出來，而是暗含在上下文或短語中，如介詞without或butfor（要不是）引導(dǎo)的短語，代替if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句。Withoutwater(=Iftherewerenowater),fishcouldnotlive.對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，用would/should/could/might+V原Butforyourhelp(=Ifyouhadnothelpedme)，Iwouldhavefailed.對過去的虛擬，用would/should/could/mighthavedone2021/5/923情態(tài)動詞+havedonecouldhavedone本來可以---mighthavedone本來可能---should/oughttohavedone本來應(yīng)該做---shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone本不該做--needn’thavedone本不必做---wouldhavedone本來會去做----你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了。Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.我沒有足夠的錢．否則我會買那本書的。Ididn’thaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.2021/5/924用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.IfI______