2016高三寒假網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)

第一二講：動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)江蘇省南菁高級中學(xué)：蔣倩時態(tài)四時：現(xiàn)在，過去，將來，過去將來四體：一般，進行，完成，完成進行

16種時態(tài)，10種掌握《5+3》16formsofverbtenses現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般do/doesdidwill/shalldoam/is/aregoingtodowould/shoulddo進行am/is/aredoingwas/weredoingwill/shallbedoingwould/shallbedoingwas/weregoingtodo完成have/hasdonehaddonewill/shallbedoingwould/shouldbedoingwas/weregoingtodo完成進行have/hasbeendoinghadbeendoingwill/shallhavebeendoingwould/shouldhavebeendoing一般體一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般將來時過去將來時一般現(xiàn)在時

1.現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣性動作；現(xiàn)在的能力

Mybrotherplaysfootball,buthehasn’tplayedsincelastyear.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshe______unabletoplay

football,shewouldbeinvitedtojoinourclub.2.客觀真理，科學(xué)事實（賓語從句）

Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.

3.條件/時間/讓步狀語從句（表將來）Iftheproblemsarenotaddressedintime,wewillfacemuchtrouble.

is

4.格言警句：Hardworkpaysoff.5.here,there完全倒裝（不用進行時）

Herecomesthebus./Theregoesthebell.

6.

報刊標(biāo)題，文學(xué)評論，舞臺指導(dǎo)

7.時刻表，列車表，課程表

Fight123takesoff

at18:00.

Thelibraryopens

at9:00andclosesat17:00.一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時1.過去的習(xí)慣性動作usedtodo含今昔對比woulddo不含今昔對比

2.表示過去曾經(jīng)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再了（可與for+一段時間連用）

Heplayedfootballforfouryearswhenhewasyoung,butnowheistoooldtoplayit.3.在狀語從句中代替過去將來時4.虛擬語氣句型

Itistimethatsb.didsth.wouldrathersb.didsth.wishthatsb.didsth.evenifsb.didsth.asifsb.didsth.

5.情態(tài)動詞的過去式表委婉語氣

Iwouldappreciateitifyoucoulddomeafavour.一般過去時一般將來時

1.willdo/won’t

do①將要發(fā)生的動作②事物的固有屬性

Humanbeingswilldiewithoutwater.③臨時決定

It’sraining.Iwillstayhere.④暫時喪失功能

Thedoorwon’topen.⑤寫作句型

祈使句+and+sb.will...

Workhardandyouwillpay

off.一般將來時

2.begoingtodo

①對將來的計劃和打算

②根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的跡象對未來進行推測

Lookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.

③begoingto用在條件句(計劃,打算)

Ifyouaregoingtostudyabroad,makefullpreparationsinadvance.

一般將來時

3.beabouttodo

“立即的將來”，不加具體的時間狀語?？蓸?gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)beabouttodo---when---。

4.

趨向性動詞（來去，始終，開閉）

come,go,arrive,leave/begin,start,finish/open,close

常用一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進行時表將來。

IarriveinBeijingat3p.m.tomorrow.(時刻表)

TheyareleavingforBeijing.(beaboutto即將)

一般將來時5.

is/aretodosth.(8種用法)(1)計劃

Sheistobemarriednextmonth.(2)應(yīng)該

Youaretoreportittothepolice.(3)打算

Ifyouaretoleave,letmeknow.(4)第一人稱疑問句，征求對方意見

Whatarewetodonext?(5)禁止

Thebookisnottobetakenoutside.(6)可以

Thebookisnowheretobefound.(7)虛擬

Ifitweretoraintomorrow,---.(8)主表被

betoblame/betolet

過去將來時

1.woulddo

①過去將發(fā)生的動作②過去的習(xí)慣性動作

2.was/weregoingtodo

①過去的計劃打算

②未曾實現(xiàn)的意圖

---Youshouldhavecometothemeeting.---Iwasgoingto,butmymotherwasill.過去將來時3.was/wereabouttodosth…when…was/wereonthepointofdoingsth.when…

Iwasabouttoleavewhenthephonerang.4.was/werecoming/leaving/beginning/closing…趨向性動詞用于過去將來時，表過去的計劃安排，將要發(fā)生的動作。過去將來時

5.was/weretodosth.①曾經(jīng)計劃要做某事

IfeltnervousbecauseIwassoontoleave

forthefirsttime.②命中注定要發(fā)生某事

Theydeparted,littleknowingtheywere

nevertomeetagain.③后來的確發(fā)生的事情

Thedanceisreallyahit,butyearsagonoonecouldhaveimaginedtheyweretoachieve

suchgreatsuccess.過去將來時

5.weretodosth.④if虛擬條件句(將來)Ifitweretorain,Iwouldstayathome.

注意：was/weretohavedone本打算做（未實現(xiàn)）Weweretohavetoldyou,butyouwerenotin.

進行體現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時將來進行時

am(is/are)

/was(were)doing…1.時間點/段內(nèi)正在進行的動作2.表示動作的未完性，暫時性

Youcan’tgooutasyourworkisbeingdone.Idon’treallyworkhere.Iamjusthelpingout.3.長動作為背景，被短動作打斷

IwasreadinganovelwhenMumcamein.

4.計劃安排I

amgoingabroadnextmonth.

現(xiàn)在進行時/過去進行時現(xiàn)在進行時/過去進行時5.表贊賞，厭惡，遺憾

bealways/continually/constantly

doingsth.6.表示逐漸發(fā)展的動作

Itisgettingdarker.

Thewindisrising.

Thenumberisincreasing.7.不用進行時的動詞事實狀態(tài)，心理狀態(tài)，瞬間動詞，系動詞

完成體現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時將來完成時1.

過去的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在

lately,recently,since,sincethen,eversince,

uptonow,sofar,inthelast/pastfewyears2.過去動作對現(xiàn)在的影響

already,just,yet,never,before3.It

isthefirst/second/...timethat...have/hasdone4.條件/時間/讓步狀從中,將來某時前已完成動作

Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.5.瞬間動詞用于完成時態(tài)不與時間段連用

Thecouplehavegotmarriedfor10years.

現(xiàn)在完成時F1.

過去的過去

Ihurriedtothestationonlytobetoldhehadleft.2.動作延續(xù)到過去某時

bythen/bytheendof2015/bythetime+過去時3.Hardly/Barely/Scarcely...(過去完成時)

when...

Nosooner...(過去完成時)than...(一般過去時)4.Itwasthefirst/second/...timethat...haddone5.過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖

hadintended/meant/expected/hopedtodo(intended/meant/expected/hopedtohavedone)

過去完成時到將來某時將完成的動作1.Bythistimeofnextyear,allofyouwillhaveecollegestudents.2.Bytheendofthismonthhewillhavelivedherefortenyears.BythetimeyouarriveinNewYork,youwillhavebeenawayfortwoweeks.將來完成時完成進行體

動作始于過去，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在仍在進行HehasbeenlearningEnglishforacoupleofyears.2.Youhavebeenworkinginfrontofthecomputerfortoolong.現(xiàn)在完成進行時未完性感情色彩語態(tài)考點一：不定式在某些形容詞(easy,hard,difficult,

light,heavy,

safe,dangerous,

comfortable,pleasant)后作狀語且和句子主語(或賓語)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時，主動形式表示被動含義。

Thelongessayistoodifficulttounderstand.

Hefoundthemathproblemeasytoworkout.

動詞的語態(tài)考點二：動詞say,report,announce,

believe,suppose,consider,

expect,hope,

know等以it作

形式主語時用被動語態(tài)，后面接that從句。

Itissaid/reported/announcedthatourteamhaswonthegame.

考點三：make/see/hearsb.dosth.(賓語補足語)→bemade/seen/heardtodosth.(主語補足語)

Pauldoesn’thavetobemadetolearn.Healwaysworkshard.

動詞的語態(tài)考點四：sth.need/want/requiretobedone

→sth.need/want/requiredoing

Theserioussituationneeds/wants/requirespaying

attentionto.

考點五：sth.beworthytobedone/ofbeingdone

→sth.beworthdoing

Thesciencefictionhasatwistedplotandiswellworthreading.

動詞的語態(tài)二、高考真題賞析1.[安徽卷]Thetwins,who________theirhomework,wereallowedtoplaybadmintonontheplayground.A．willfinishB．finishC．havefinishedD．hadfinished2.[北京卷]—Hi,let'sgoskating.—Sorry,I'mbusyrightnow.I________inanapplicationformforanewjob.A．fillB．havefilledC．a(chǎn)mfillingD．willfill3.[北京卷]—Whattimeisit?—Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute，I________itforyou.A．checkB．checkedC．willcheckD．wouldcheck1．D考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，完成作業(yè)是在wereallowed之前發(fā)生的動作，屬于“過去的過去”，應(yīng)使用過去完成時。句意：已完成作業(yè)的雙胞胎，被允許到操場上打羽毛球。故選D。2．C考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文可知，回答人“正忙著”，所以是“正在填寫申請表格”，用現(xiàn)在進行時，選C。3．C考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知說話人不知道現(xiàn)在幾點，但是“將去核實一下”，應(yīng)選一般將來時。故選C。

4.[北京卷]Ifoundthelecturehardtofollowbecauseit________whenIarrived.A．startedB．wasstartingC．wouldstartD．hadstarted5.[全國大綱卷]Unlesssomeextramoney________,thetheatrewillclose.wasfoundB.findsC.isfoundD.found

6.[全國大綱卷]Thereportswentmissingin2012andnobody________themsince.A.seesB.sawC.hasseenD.hadseen4．D考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，“我”不能跟上演講的原因是，“我”到達的時候演講已經(jīng)開始了?！暗竭_”為一般過去時，表述過去的動作?！耙呀?jīng)開始”表達過去的過去，應(yīng)該用過去完成時。故選D。5．C考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：除非找到一些額外的錢，否則劇院將會倒閉。根據(jù)主句的將來時態(tài)可知，狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時，因為find和money之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故選C。6．C考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：那些報告2012年就丟失了，從那以后沒有人見過它們。此題解題的關(guān)鍵詞是后面的since，此處意為“從那以后”，這是現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志。故選C。7.[福建卷]—Haven'tseenyouforages!Wherehaveyoubeen?—IwenttoNingxiaand________thereforoneyear,teachingasavolunteer.A．stayedB．stayC．hadstayedD．a(chǎn)mstaying8.[湖南卷]Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening,we________tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.tryB.havebeentryingC.aretryingD.willtry9.[湖南卷]Wheneveryou ________apresent,youshouldthinkaboutitfromthereceiver'spointofview.A.boughtB.haveboughtC.willbuyD.buy7．A考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意

：“很久沒有見到你了！你去哪里了？”“我去了寧夏，在那里支教了一年?！备鶕?jù)句意可知，stay的動作發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時。8.B考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：自人類開始園藝的時期起，我們就一直努力把我們的環(huán)境變得更加美好。根據(jù)since的提示可知用現(xiàn)在完成時，再根據(jù)語境可知，動作try從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還要繼續(xù)進行下去，因

此用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。9.D考查動詞的時態(tài)

。句意：不管何時買禮物，你都應(yīng)該從禮物接收者的角度加以考慮。根據(jù)主句中的情態(tài)動詞可知“買”這一動作發(fā)生在將來，但是在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，不能用一般將來時，而要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作。故選D。10.[江蘇卷]—HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheYouthOlympicGamestobeheldinNanjing?—Well,themedia________itinavarietyofforms.A．coverB．willcoverC．havecoveredD．Covered11.[江西卷]—Tony,whyareyoureyesred?—I________uppeppersforthelastfiveminutes.cutB.wascuttingC.hadcutD.havebeencutting

12.[山東卷]Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmoretime-consumingthanwe________.A.willexpectB.areexpectingC.expectD．hadexpected10．C考查動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)。句意：“你對于即將在南京召開的青奧會知道多少？”“哦，媒體已經(jīng)以多種多樣的形式對其進行了報道?！备鶕?jù)語境可知，此處表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時。11．D考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：“托尼，為什么你的眼睛發(fā)紅？”“我在過去的五分鐘內(nèi)一直在剁辣椒?！备鶕?jù)forthelastfiveminutes可知，此處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。此題易誤選C項，誤以為動作是在“過去的過去”發(fā)生的。此句是指過去所做的事對現(xiàn)在的影響。12．D考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：手寫所有的請?zhí)任覀冎邦A(yù)想的更加耗時。根據(jù)句意可知，expect動作發(fā)生在was之前，表示過去的過去，用過去完成時。故選D。13. [山東卷]Theymadeuptheirmindthatthey________anewhouseonceLarrychangedjobs.A．boughtB．wouldbuyC．haveboughtD．hadbought

14. [陜西卷]DuringhisstayinXi'an,Jerrytriedalmostallthelocalfoodshisfriends________．wouldmendB.hadmendedC.havemendedD.weremending15. [四川卷]She________someone,soInoddedtoherandwentaway.phonedB.hadphonedC.wasphoningD.hasphoned13.B考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：他們下定決心一旦拉里換了工作他們就會買一所新房子。that引導(dǎo)的從句的時態(tài)要與主句的時態(tài)保持一致，主句用的是一般過去時，再由語境判斷從句用過去將來時。故選B。14.B考查動詞的時態(tài)。所填詞動作發(fā)生在tried…foods這一動作之前，即表示“過去的過去”，用過去完

成時，故選B。15．C考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)后一分句“我”只向她點了下頭可知她正在打電話，故使用過去進行時。句意：她正在和某人打電話，所以我向她點了下頭便走了。16. [天津卷]Wewon'tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations________．a(chǎn)rebeingmadeB.willbemadeC.havebeenmadeD.hadbeenmade17. [浙江卷]Sofialookedaroundatallthefaces:shehadtheimpressionthatshe________mostoftheguestsbefore.A．hasseenB．hadseenC．sawD．wouldsee18. [重慶卷]You'dbetterwritedownherphonenumberbeforeyou________it.A.forgetB.areforgettingC.forgotD.willforget16.C考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：直到所有的準(zhǔn)備工作都做完了，我們才開始工作。根據(jù)主句中的關(guān)鍵詞won'tstart(不會開始)是一般將來時，可知until引導(dǎo)的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。如無一般現(xiàn)在時，可用現(xiàn)在完成時代替一般將來時，強調(diào)從句動作的完成性。17．B考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：索菲亞看了看周圍所有的面孔，她印象中大部分客人她以前都是見過的。根據(jù)句意知，此處see的動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，同時由題眼before可知，該空應(yīng)該用過去完成時態(tài)，故選B項。18．A考查動詞的時態(tài)。在時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句和讓

步狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。故選A。19. [重慶卷]Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn'tknowhe________untilyesterday.A.willcomeB.wascomingC.hadcomeD.came19．B考查動詞的時態(tài)。該句中的didn'tknow與until連用決定了該空的時態(tài)是過去進行時，即“昨天才知道James要來”。三、典型例題

1.—Canwemeettomorrowafternoon?—Notintheafternoon,I’mafraid.I_______.willbeworkingB.amgoingtoworkC.amabouttoworkD.willwork2.Itisgenerally______thatnewindustries_____forthesouthernpartofthecountry.agreed;areneededB.agreed;tobeneededC.agreeing;areneedingD.agreeing;needed3.—Iwonderifyoucouldgowithmetothecinema.—Don’tdisturbme.I____acompositionallthemorningandhaven’tfinishedyet.A.writeB.waswritingC.havewrittenD.havebeenwriting4. ----Idon’tbelievethatJohncanrememberwhattherobberwaslike.----You’requitewrong.Iknowitwasdark,buthe________therobber’sface.I’msureofit.didsee B.wasseeing C.hadseen D.wouldsee5. ----Myunclewillbeheretoattendameetingtomorrow.----Oh,Ithoughtthathe____today.wascoming B.iscoming C.willcome D.couldcome6. Iwon’tbeabletowatchtheprogrambecauseI_______myhomeworkatthattime.shallhavedoneB.willdoC.shallbedoneD.willbedoing7. —Haveyouthoughtaboutyourdayoffnextweek?—Ohyes,I_______thesunshineinHawaiinextFridayafternoonwhileyou’reallworking.A.willenjoyB.areenjoyingC.willbeenjoyingD.amgoingtoenjoy8. Althoughhehaslivedwithusforyears,he_______usmuchimpression.A.hadn’tleftB.didn’tleaveC.doesn’tleaveD.hasn’tleft9. Thiskindofcloth______well.Ithinkitisworthy______.washes;buyingB.iswashed;buyingC.washes;tobeboughtD.iswashed;tobebought10. I_______forfiveminutes;whydon’ttheycome?amcallingB.calledC.wascalling D.havebeencalling11. Joseph_______toeveningclassessincelastmonth,buthestillcan’tsay“What’syourname?”inRussian.wentB.hasbeengoingC.goesD.hasgone12. --IlikeBritishcultureverymuch，andIoncewenttoLondon.--Howlong______there?didyoustayB.haveyoustayedC.wereyoustayingD.hadyoustayed13. —Didyoutidyyourroom?—No,IwasgoingtotidymyroombutI_______toapartybytenfriendsfromBeijing.invited B.wasinvited C.hadbeeninvited D.willbeinvited14. Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket,wherepeople_____allkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.A.sell B.wereselling C.hadsold D.havesold 15. ―What’sthematter?Youlookworriedandrestless.―Oh,nothingreallyserious.Asamatteroffact,I_____ofmygraduationthesis.Ihavetohanditinsoon.amjustthinkingB.justthoughtC.havejustthoughtD.wasjustthinking16. (2014?北京模擬)Bythetimeyouhavefinishedthisbook,yourmeal_______cold.A.gets

B.hasgot

C.willget

D.isgetting17. Georgesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthe_______.A.wouldn’t

B.didn’t

C.hasn’t

D.hadn’t18. (2014?北京模擬)Ourfriendship_______quicklyovertheweeksthatfollowed.haddeveloped

B.wasdevelopingC.woulddevelop

D.developed19. (2014?安慶模擬)Gladtoseeyouback.Howlong_______inRussia?didyoustay

B.haveyoustayedC.wereyoustaying

D.haveyoubeenstaying20. (2014?邢臺模擬)IhadwantedtohelpyoulastnightbutIcouldn’tspareanytime,forI______acompositionwhichIhavetohandinthismorning.wrote

B.waswritingC.hadwritten

D.havewritten21. (2014?吉林模擬)—Howdidyoucatchthethief?—Well,he______somegoodsintohisbagwhenIcamearoundacornerintheshop.SoIcaughthim.wasputting

B.wasputC.haveput

D.hadput22. (2014?馬鞍山模擬)—Hi,Mathew,youlooksodeadlytired.—Yeah.I______themessyflatallday.cleanedB.hadcleanedC.havebeencleaningD.havecleaned23. (2014?雅安模擬)—I’mexhausted.I______onaprojectdayandnight.—You’dbetterhaveseveraldaysoffafterfinishingit.Otherwiseyoumightbreakdown.A.worked

B.haveworkedC.work

D.havebeenworking24. —I’llcometoseeyourperformanceat9:00tomorrowevening.—ButbythenmyperformancewillhaveendedandI______reportersinthemeetingroomatthattime.willmeet

B.willbemeetingC.aregoingtomeet

D.ammeeting25. (2014?唐山模擬)I______tovisityoulaterthatday,butIhadtophoneandcancel.A.come

B.cameC.amcoming

D.wascoming26. (2014?鄭州模擬)Wang,Ihearthatyou_______alongtheMekongRiver.Haveyougoteverythingready?traveled

B.aretravelingC.havetraveled

D.travel27. (2014?重慶模擬)ThiswasthefirsttimethatChongqing

_______theListeningExami