英文介紹中國文化

ChineseCultureIntroductionEditedBySophiaCultureSalonGeneralintroductionofChina4History:Morethan5000years1Population:1.4billionChinesepeople2GDP:7.3011trillionUSdollarsin2011

3Area:

9.6millionsquarekilometers5policy:Onecountry,twosystemsOct2011Oct2011TheElementsofChineseCulturePaintingOperaWritingBuildingFoodReligionTeaDressingKongFuMusicMedicineArtsOct2011History:continuityfor5000yearsAbout5000BCAbout3000BC2100--1600BCXiaDynasty1600--1100BCXiaDynasty1100--771BCWestZhouDynasty771—256BCEastZhouDynasty221—207BCQinDynasty202BC--220HanDynasty220--280ThreeCountry226--420JinDynastyOct2011History:continuityfor5000years-Cont420--589N&SDynasty581-619SuiDynasty618--907TangDynasty907--979Mass960-1279SongDynasty1271--1368YuanDynasty1368--1644MingDynasty1636--1912QingDynasty1912--NowRepublicofChina1949--NowPeople'sRepublicofChinaOct2011BaseofCulture:YinYangandTaiChiTaiChiYin(Female)Yang(Male)BigYinSmallYinSmallYangBigYangKunZhenKanDuiGenLiXunQianEarthSkyFireHillWaterWindMineSwampSimpleComplexUnbalanceBalanceFightPeaceStillMoveOct2011Decoration:4GuardanimalsfromGodNorthEastWestSouthTigerTortoiseTigerTigerDragonPhoenixTigerOct2011Dragon:TheTotemofChineseDragonisAcreatedanimalwhichwillprotectpeopleLonglongagoThesymbolofemperor,onlytheRoyalcanuseitInthedynastyageMeansluckytogetherwithphoenixspeciallyinweddingSince1911ThespiritofStruggle,hardworking,andHarmony

FornowOct2011Character:acharmingHeritageChinesecharacterevolutionAlberto 阿爾貝托Cristina 克里斯蒂娜Diana 迪亞娜Fernando 費(fèi)爾南多Juan 胡安Julio 胡里奧Lucio 盧西奧Luis 路易斯Lydia 莉迪亞Manuel 曼努埃爾María 瑪利亞Rubén 魯本Susana 蘇珊娜Tores 托雷斯TranslateforeignnamebypronunciationChineseCalligraphOct2011Building:BrickandwoodBrickWoodTheGreatWallTheGreatWallofChina,oneofthegreatestwondersoftheworld.TheGreatWallwindsupanddownacrossdeserts,grasslandsandmountains,fromeasttowestofChina.Withahistoryofmorethan2000years.ModernCity&CountrysideNorth&SouthOct2011Dressing:ClassicalmixedmodernCheongsamChinesetunicsuitTangCostumeCheongsamOct2011ChineseMedicine:MagicalorWitchcraft?FourStepstodealwithPatientWatch+Smell+Ask+CheckMedicineCuppingAcupunctureScrappingOct2011Chinesepainting:adreamworldTheartisticconceptionismoreimportantthanthedetailsReligionsofChinaConfucianismTaoismBuddhismConfucianismConfucianismisaChineseethicalandphilosophicalsystemdevelopedfromtheteachingsofConfucius.Itisacomplexsystemofmoral,social,political,philosophicalandquasi-religiousthoughtthathadtremendousinfluenceonthecultureandhistoryofEastAsia.TeachingsofConfucianism:Ren(benevolence,love)Li(rites)----respectforthesystemofsocialhierarchyTaoismTaoismistheChinesereligionwhichbelievesinghostsandspirits.Itemphasizedcooperationwiththenaturalforces.TeachingsofTaoism:WuWei,means‘a(chǎn)ctionswithoutactions’or‘effortlessdoing’.BuddhismBuddhismhasaprofoundinfluenceontraditionalChinesecultureangthoughtsandhasbecomeoneofthemostimportreligionsinChina.TeachingsofBuddha:Lifeisfullofsufferingandsufferingiscausedbypeople’swants.Oct2011KongFu:StrengthenbodyandsoulInsideUniverseisthekeySpeedandStrengthTobeknownbyBruceLeeIt’snotjustashowKungFuChinaisoneofthemainbirthplaces

ofEasternmartialarts.ThenamesofmartialartswerecalledKungFu

oritsfirstnameWushu.Chinaalsoincludesthehometothewell-respectedShaolinMonasteryandWudangMountains.Thefirstgenerationofartstartedmoreforthepurposeofsurvivalandwarfarethanart.Overtime,someartformshavebranchedoff,whileothershaveretainedadistinctChineseflavor.Regardless,ChinahasproducedsomeofthemostrenownedmartialartistsincludingWongFeiHung(黃飛鴻),BruceLee(李小龍)andmanyothers.Oct2011Tea:It’sanartmorethandrinkSevenkindsofteadividedbycolorsGoldenBlueYellowBlackWhiteGreenRedTea

TeaisChina'snationaldrink.nowteahasbecomefashionabledrinkintheworld'sthreemajornon-alcoholicdrinks(tea,coffeeandcocoa),andwillbethe21stcenturykingbeverage.Chinaisthebirthplaceoftea,knownas"teaofthemotherland."TeaistheprideoftheChinesenation!Oct2011Opera:AndyingartforyoungpeopleThefacecolormeanscharacterRed----------LoyaltyBlack-------SeriousWhite-------LiarBlue---------RashPurple------TrustableGolden-----FairyBeijingOperaBeijingOperaisthemostinfluentialoperainChinaandhasahistoryofaround200years.Itsynthesizesartsofsinging,dancing,recitationandmartialarts.Symbolismdominatesthemotionsandstagedesigns.TherearefourmainrolesinBeijingOpera:ShengDanJingChouChinaChinaisthehomeofporcelain.ThebeautyofporcelainmakestheworldunderstandChina.ThewordChinahasthemeanofPorcelain.youguessitright!Earthandthefireisthebasisofhumanevolution.ChineseporcelainwhichistheartoftheearthandfirerepresentstheChinesewisdom.Oct2011Food:differentstyleinregionsShandongCuisine

SichuanCuisine

JiangsuCuisine

HunanCuisine

GuangdongCuisine

Fujian

Cuisine

ZhejiangCuisine

AnhuiCuisine

TraditionalChineseFestivalsSpringFestivalSpringFestivalisthemostimportantofthetraditionalChineseholidays.Itisofteninaccuratelycalled“LunarNewYear”,because-aspartofthelunisolar

Chinesecalendar(農(nóng)歷)-thedateispartiallydeterminedbasedonlunarphase.ThefestivaltraditionallybeginsonthefirstdayofthefirstmonthintheChinesecalendarandendswithLanternFestivalwhichisonthe15thday.ChineseNewYear‘sEve,adaywhereChinesefamiliesgatherfortheirannualreuniondinner,isknownaschúxī(除夕).Itliterallymeans“Year-passEve”.Redenvelopesorredpackets(紅包)Fireworks(煙花)Firecrackerban(鞭炮)TheQingmingFestivalTheQingmingFestivalisatraditionalChinesefestivalonthe15thdayfromtheSpringEquinox(春分)),usuallyoccurringaroundApril5oftheGregoriancalendar(公歷).Astronomically(天文學(xué)上)itisalsoasolarterm(節(jié)氣).Itsnamedenotesatimeforpeopletogooutsideandenjoythegreeneryofspringtime(踏青)andtendtothegravesofdepartedones.

DuanwuFestivalDuanwuFestival，alsoknownasDragonBoatFestival,isatraditionalandstatutoryholidayassociatedwithChinese.Thefestivaloccursonthe5thdayofthe5thmonthofthelunarcalendaronwhichtheChinesecalendarisbased.Thefocusofthecelebrationsincludeseatingthericedumplingzongzi,drinkingrealgar

wine(雄黃酒),andracingdragonboats.Thebest-knowntraditionalstoryholdsthatthefestivalcommemoratesthedeathofpoetQuYuan.QuYuancommittedsuicidebydrowninghimselfintheMiluoRiveronthefifthdayofthefifthlunarmonth.Itissaidthatthelocalpeople,whoadmiredhim,threwlumpsofriceintotherivertofeedthefishsothattheywouldnoteatQuYuan'sbody.Thisissaidtobetheoriginofzongzi.Thelocalpeoplewerealsosaidtohavepaddledoutonboats,eithertoscarethefishawayortoretrievehisbody.Thisissaidtobetheoriginofdragonboatracing.TheMid-AutumnFestivalTheMid-AutumnFestival,alsoknownastheMoonFestivalorZhongqiuFestivalisapopularharvestfestivalcelebratedbyChinese.TheMid-AutumnFestivalisheldonthe15thdayoftheeighthmonthintheChinesecalendar,whichisinSeptemberorearlyOctoberintheGregoriancalendar.Thetraditionalfoodofthisfestivalisthemooncake.Farmerscelebratetheendofthesummerharvestingseasononthisdate.Traditionallyonthisday,Chinesefamilymembersandfriendswillgathertoadmirethebrightmid-autumnharvestmoon,andeatmooncakesandpomelosunderthemoontogether.TheDoubleSeventhFestivalTheDoubleSeventhFestival,onthe7thdayofthe7thlunarmonth,isatraditionalfestivalfullofromance.ItoftengoesintoAugustintheGregoriancalendar.Atnightwhentheskyisdottedwithstars,andpeoplecanseetheMilkyWayspanningfromthenorthtothesouth.Oneachbankofitisabrightstar,whichseeeachotherfromafar.TheyaretheCowherdandWeaverMaid,andaboutthemthereisabeautifullovestorypasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.ChongyangFestival

DoubleNinthFestival

Thecustomofascendingaheighttoavoidepidemicswaspasseddownfromlongtimeago.Therefore,theDoubleNinthFestivalisalsocalled"HeightAscendingFestival".Theheightpeoplewillreachisusuallyamountainoratower.Atthewatersideoronthemountains,theseniorswillfindthemselvesmergedintonature.Youngergenerationswillbringelderonestosuburbanareasorsendgiftstothemonthisday.The9thdayofthe9thlunarmonthisthetraditionalChongyangFestival,orDoubleNinthFestival.ItusuallyfallsinOctoberintheGregoriancalendar.NationalDayRepublicofChinasinceOct.1st,1949.leisureAnumberofgamesandpastimesarepopularwithinChineseculture.ThemostcommongameisMahJong.Thesamepiecesar