chaer英語(yǔ)翻譯方法技巧

吳宜濤2013/5Chapter8Inversion倒置法Inversionimpliesanecessarychangeofwordordertoconformtothegoodusageinthetargetlanguage.Besidesdifferencesofwordorderinsentencestructures,logicalsequencesofthinking,sayingandwritingbetweenthetwolanguagesmaydiffer,whichisespeciallytrueoflongsentences.Contents詞組或短語(yǔ)的詞序定語(yǔ)的詞序定語(yǔ)與名詞的詞序前置序列定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句句子結(jié)構(gòu)

InversionofWordOrderinTranslatingWord-GroupsorPhrasesFourcardinalpoints:north,south,east,andwest.Northeast,northwest,southeast,southwestMenandwomen,youngandold;sistersandbrothersSoonerorlater;richandpoor;lossandgainEnglishChineseNarrowerrange—>widerrangeWiderrange—>narrowerrangeLessimportant—>moreimportantMoreimportant—>lessimportantweaker—>strongerstronger—>weakerExamples:無(wú)地和少地的農(nóng)民peasantswhohavelittleornoland中小企業(yè)smallandmedium-sizedenterprises我們并不認(rèn)為，他們必須或者應(yīng)當(dāng)采取我們的做法。Wedonotmaintainthattheyshouldormustadoptourway.InversionofWordOrderinTranslatingAttributesInvertthewordorderoftheattributiveandthenounconsulgeneral總領(lǐng)事court-martial軍事法庭GodAlmighty萬(wàn)能的神（上帝）InvertthewordorderintranslatingaseriesofattributivemodifiersbeforeanounShewasanintelligent,attractiveandsomewhattemperamentaldaughterofawell-to-dodoctorinHaddington.她是哈丁頓一位富裕醫(yī)生的女兒，有才華，又迷人，但有點(diǎn)脾氣。TheorderinmultipleattributionGeneralprincipleforplacingseveralattributivemodifiersbeforeanounPositionofAdjectiveClausesInEnglish,adjectiveclausesaredividedintotwokinds:restrictiveandnon-restrictive.Theseareallplacedafterthenountheymodify.Intranslation,however,theyaretreatedindifferentways.1.Restrictiveadjectiveclauseswhichconfinethemeaningsofnounsusuallyprecedethenounstheymodifytomaketheexpressionscloselyconnectedinstructureiftheyarenotverylong.Objectsthatdonottransferlightcauseshadows.不透光的物體會(huì)造成陰影。Mostofthepeoplewhoappearmostoftenandmostgloriouslyinthehistorybooksaregreatconquerorsandgeneralsandsoldiers,whereasthepeoplewhoreallyhelpedcivilizationforwardareoftennevermentionedatall.歷史書(shū)上出現(xiàn)得最頻繁和最為顯耀的人物大多是一些偉大的征服者、將軍和士兵，而那些真正推動(dòng)文明前進(jìn)的人卻往往名不見(jiàn)經(jīng)傳。2.Adjectiveclauseswhichonlyhavedescriptiveorsupplementaryfunctionforthenounspreceded,orverylongadjectiveclauses,oftenfollow,yetsometimesprecede,thenounstheymodify.Thesearetranslatedinvariousways,beingseparatedfromthemainclauses.(1)TranslatetheEnglishadjectiveclausesintoChinesecoordinateclauses:You,whoseancestorspioneeredthepathsofmoderncivilization,havetakentheroadtohigherformsofsocialorganizationandculture.你們的祖先開(kāi)辟了走向現(xiàn)代文明的道路，而你們現(xiàn)在已踏上了走向更高級(jí)的社會(huì)組織和文化形式的道路。(2)TranslatetheEnglishadjectiveclausesintoChinesesubordinate(adverbial)clausesdenotingpurpose,result,reason,condition,concession,etc.John,whowassickyesterday,didnotcometoclass.約翰昨天病了，沒(méi)有來(lái)上課。(reason)Theytriedtostampouttherevolt,whichspreadallthemorefuriouslythroughoutthecountry.他們企圖鎮(zhèn)壓反抗，但是反抗卻越來(lái)越激烈，并已遍及全國(guó)了。(result)Inadisputebetweentwostateswithwhichoneisfriendly,trynottogetinvolved.當(dāng)兩國(guó)發(fā)生爭(zhēng)端時(shí)，如與兩國(guó)皆友好，則應(yīng)盡量避免卷入。(condition)SomychancesofgettingtorevolutionaryChinaareprettyslimalthoughIhavenotgivenupmyeffortstogetapassport,whichwillenablemetovisitthecountriesofSocialism.因此，我到革命的中國(guó)來(lái)的希望相當(dāng)小了，雖然我并沒(méi)有放棄努力，來(lái)爭(zhēng)取獲得護(hù)照，以便訪問(wèn)社會(huì)主義國(guó)家。(purpose)Peter,whohadcarefullyreadthroughtheinstructionsbeforedoinghisexperiments,couldnotobtainsatisfactoryresults,becausehefollowedthemmechanically.雖然彼得在做實(shí)驗(yàn)之前從頭到尾仔細(xì)閱讀過(guò)操作指南，但是由于他生搬硬套，所以得不到滿(mǎn)意的結(jié)果。(concession)InversionofSentenceStructureEnglishandChinesefindtheirdifferencesinthearrangementofsentencestructure.Acommonruleforwhattobethefirstandwhattobethenextinarrangingasentenceisoftenlikethefollowing:English

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