江蘇省常州市第一高級(jí)中學(xué)高一下學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試題WORD版含解析

2020-2021學(xué)年江蘇省常州市第一高級(jí)中學(xué)高一下學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試卷第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）略第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A★#ChefsChallenge!Lovecooking?Joinfamouschefswiththisonlinechallenge—cook,havefunandshareyourbesthealthyrecipes!Whenitcomestofood,it’sdifficulttomatchEastAsia&Pacificintermsofvarietyandtastiness.Fromwontonstodumplings,fromspicyfishtonoodlesoups,EastAsia&Pacific’samazingfoodcultureisacentralpartoflifeformillionsofpeopleandindeedtouristsfromacrosstheworld.However,changesindietandlifestyleinrecentyearshavesadlydestroyedtraditionalfoodcultures,andthehealthofmillionsofpeople.Cheap“fastfood”andunhealthysnacksthatarehighinsugar,saltandfatarenowalltoocommonbutofferlittlenutrition.★AnewchallengeToday,therearemorethan25millionofmalnourishedchildrenlivingintheregion,butthepictureischanging.Whilethenumberofstunted(發(fā)育不良)childrenisslowlyfallinginmanycountries,overweightandobesityaregrowing,andatamuchfasterrate.Inmanycountries,threeformsofmalnutrition—undernutrition,hiddenhungerandoverweight-co-exist.Afamilymayhaveanoverweightmotherandastuntedchild.Orachildmaybebothstuntedortooshortandoverweight.Unhealthydietsareamajorcauseofallformsofmalnutrition.★Joinus!Onewaytoslowthistideistoreconnectfamiliesandyoungpeoplewithfood.That’swhychefsfromacrosstheregionaretakingpartinthe#ChefsChallenge,askingyoutoshowoffyourcookingskills.Getinvolvedtodaybysharingyourrecipeswithvideos,photosoranyothercreativewaysonsocialmediausing#ChefsChallengeandtaggingUNICEFEastAsiaPacificonInstagram,TwitterorFacebook.1.WhathasbadlyaffectedthetraditionalfoodcultureinEastAsia&Pacific?A.Westerncooks’arriving.B.People’sturningtounhealthyfood.C.Tourists’bringingnewrecipes.D.Overweightchildren’sgrowinginnumber.2.Whatcanweinferabout“amalnourishedchild”?A.Heisinapoorstateofhealth.B.Heisshorterthanotherkids.C.Hehasanoverweightparent.D.Hepreferseatingathome.3.Whatisthepurposeof“#ChefsChallenge”?A.TointroduceexcellentAsiancooksonline.B.Tohelpordinarypeoplechallengeprofessionalcooks.C.Toreconnectpeoplewithtastyandnutritiousfood.D.Toencouragefamilyandfriendstogettogetheronline.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的廚藝展示平臺(tái)#ChefsChallenge，號(hào)召大家在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上展示廚藝?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由#ChefsChallenge!下的第三段“However,changesindietandlifestyleinrecentyearshavesadlydestroyedtraditionalfoodcultures,andthehealthofmillionsofpeople.Cheap“fastfood”andunhealthysnacksthatarehighinsugar,saltandfatarenowalltoocommonbutofferlittlenutrition.”（然而，近年來飲食和生活方式的改變不幸地破壞了傳統(tǒng)飲食文化和數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的健康。廉價(jià)的“快餐”和不健康的高糖、高鹽、高脂肪的零食現(xiàn)在都太普遍了，但它們提供的營(yíng)養(yǎng)卻很少。）可知，是人們現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)向不健康的食物（廉價(jià)的“快餐”和不健康的高糖、高鹽、高脂肪的零食）嚴(yán)重影響了東亞和太平洋地區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)飲食文化。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由★Anewchallenge下的第二段中的“Inmanycountries,threeformsofmalnutrition—undernutrition,hiddenhungerandoverweight-co-exist.”（許多國(guó)家，三種形式的營(yíng)養(yǎng)失調(diào)——營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良、隱性饑餓和超重——并存。）可知，營(yíng)養(yǎng)失調(diào)的兒童會(huì)面臨營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良、隱性饑餓和超重，可得出營(yíng)養(yǎng)失調(diào)的兒童身體不好。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由★Joinus!下“Onewaytoslowthistideistoreconnectfamiliesandyoungpeoplewithfood.That’swhychefsfromacrosstheregionaretakingpartinthe#ChefsChallenge,askingyoutoshowoffyourcookingskills.”（減緩這一趨勢(shì)的一個(gè)方法是讓家庭和年輕人重新獲得食物。這就是為什么來自不同地區(qū)的廚師都要參加“廚師挑戰(zhàn)賽”，要求你展示自己的烹飪技巧。），結(jié)合上文關(guān)于不健康飲食的說明，可得出#ChefsChallenge是為了使人們重新獲得美味、營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食物。故選C項(xiàng)。BEversinceshereceivedalittletoyairlinerasabirthdaygift,KateKoralevskayahasbeenattractedbyflight.Fromflyingremote-controlledairplanestobuildingherownmodelones,Katehasalwaysconsideredflyingaplaneoneofherpassions,butonlyuntilrecentlyhasshebeenabletotakethattonewheights.WhenKateheardabouttheUpwindScholarshipfromherschoolcounselor,sheknewitwasanextraordinaryopportunitytorealizeherdream.Theprogram'smissionistoprovideallthetrainingnecessarytoobtainaprivatepilot'slicense(PPL)forstudentsinbetweentheirjuniorandsenioryearofhighschoolfreeofcharge.Aftercompletingalengthyapplicationandhersubsequentacceptanceintotheprogram,Katebeganhertraininglastspring.Normally,recipientsofthescholarshipwouldattendgroundschoolinpersonwheretheylearnthefundamentalsofflying.Duetothepandemic(大流行病),however,Katespenthourseachweekendstudyingonlinelessonsinherroomwhenevershegotabreakfromhomework.Oncesummercamearound,Kateandthreepeersputintwostraightweeksofgroundschool,reviewingfighttrainingfromninetofiveeveryday."Itwasthetoughestpartoftheprogram,"Katesaid.Aftercompletingthatportionofgroundschool,KatewasfinallyabletobeginflyingattheSanCarlosAirportwiththeotherscholarshiprecipientsfromaroundtheBayArea.Flying,especiallyforfirst-timerslikeKate,isahands-onprocessinvolvinglotsofcheckliststomakesuretheimportanttasksarebeingtakencareof.Now,havingfinishedtheprogramandearnedherPPL,Kateplansontrainingasafightinstructorandhopestobecomeanairlinepilotinherfuture.ShecreditstheUpwindScholarshipforallshe'sbeenabletoaccomplishsofarandhopesthatanyonewhosharesherpassionwilllookintoit.“Itisaveryhardscholarshiptogetinto,andyouhavetobetrulyinterestedinflight,”Katesaid.“Itcan'tbesomethinglike‘Oh,whydon'tItryflyingthissummer?’Youhavetobereadytodoalotofworkandputineffortinordertosucceedintheprogram.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph1referto?A.Herskillofbuildingmodelairplanes.B.Herwishtotakefightsaroundtheworld.C.Herchildhooddreamofbecomingapilot.D.Herdesiretoflyremoter-controlledairplanes.5.WhatisthegoaloftheUpwindScholarship?A.Tohelpstudentsinneedtoachievetheirdreams.B.Toprovidenecessarytrainingforprivatepilotsforfree.C.Togivestudentsexpertadviceonearningascholarship.D.Topreparehighschoolstudentstobecomeaprivatepilot.6.WhatdidKatedoingroundschool?A.Shetookonlinelessonsonflying.B.Shewentoverthefundamentalsofflying.C.Shedidsomeresearchintothepandemic.D.Shefinishedapplyingfortheprogram.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKate?A.Confidentandaggressive.B.Strongwilledandpatient.C.Demandingandcourageous.D.Ambitiousandhard-working.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.D【解析】【分析】本文是記敘文。文章講述了Kate從小就愛好飛行，后來為了實(shí)現(xiàn)成為一名飛行員的夢(mèng)想所做出的努力?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。劃線詞前一句提到“Katehasalwaysconsideredflyingaplaneoneofherpassions（Kate一直考慮將駕駛飛機(jī)視為自己的一個(gè)愛好）”，下一段中提到“itwasanextraordinaryopportunitytorealizeherdream.（這是她實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的好機(jī)會(huì)。）”由此可知，Kate小時(shí)候愛好飛行，駕駛飛機(jī)是她的夢(mèng)想。由此可以猜測(cè)，that指“她小時(shí)候成為一名飛行員的夢(mèng)想”。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Theprogram'smissionistoprovideallthetrainingnecessarytoobtainaprivatepilot'slicense(PPL)forstudentsinbetweentheirjuniorandsenioryearofhighschoolfreeofcharge.（該計(jì)劃的任務(wù)是免費(fèi)為高二和高三學(xué)生提供所需要的所有培訓(xùn)，可以讓他們獲得私人飛機(jī)飛行員執(zhí)照）”可知，“UpwindScholarship”的目標(biāo)是為了讓高中生成為一名私人飛機(jī)飛行員做準(zhǔn)備。故選D。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第三段中提到“recipientsofthescholarshipwouldattendgroundschoolinpersonwheretheylearnthefundamentalsofflying.”（獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金獲得者需要到地面學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)飛行的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)）以及“Kateandthreepeersputintwostraightweeksofgroundschool,reviewingfighttraining…（Kate和三個(gè)同學(xué)連續(xù)上了兩周的地面學(xué)校，回顧飛行訓(xùn)練。）”可知，在疫情過后，Kate在地面學(xué)校去學(xué)習(xí)回顧飛行的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。故選B。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“havingfinishedtheprogramandearnedherPPL,Kateplansontrainingasafightinstructorandhopestobecomeanairlinepilotinherfuture.（已經(jīng)完成了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，獲得了私人飛機(jī)駕駛員執(zhí)照，Kate計(jì)劃接受飛行教官的培訓(xùn)，并希望將來成為一名飛行員）”可以推斷，Kate很有志向；根據(jù)最后一段中Kate所說的話中““Itisaveryhardscholarshiptogetinto,andyouhavetobetrulyinterestedinflight,”..."Youhavetobereadytodoalotofworkandputineffortinordertosucceedintheprogram.””（“這是一項(xiàng)很難獲得的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，你必須對(duì)飛行真正感興趣。”以及“為了項(xiàng)目的成功，你必須準(zhǔn)備好做大量的工作和付出努力”）可以推斷，Kate為了獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金很努力。因此Kate很有雄心壯志，為了夢(mèng)想而努力。故選D。C“ACAREERBOOKaboutAsians?Aren’ttheydoingfine…?”SobeginsBreakingtheBambooCeiling,averylargescholarlybookbyJaneHyunpublishedin2005.BecauseAsian-Americanshadhigherincomesandeducationlevelsandcommittedfewercrimesthantheiraveragecountrymen,theywereseenasamodelminority.Despitethis,theyrarelyrosetothetopofcompanies.Amixofindividual,culturalandorganizationalbarriers—the“bambooceiling”ofthebook’stitle—seemedtoprohibitthemfromrising.FifteenyearslaterAsiansarestillunder-represented.Inthetechnologysectors,Asiansmakeupover30%oftheworkersbutlessthan15%ofbosses.In2017Asiansmadeuproughly6%ofthecountry’spopulationbutonly3%ofthebossesofS&P500(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù))firms.SomeprominentAsiansrunbigcompanies.ArvindKrishnaisIBM’snewboss.SatyaNadellarunsMicrosoftandSundarPichaileadsAlphabet.ButfewotherAsianshavejoinedtheirranks—and,revealingly,thesestarsallhaveIndianroots.TherearefewerSouthAsiansinAmericathanEastAsians,buttheystillmadeup13ofall16AsianS&P500CEOs.WhyaretheresofewAsiansamongAmerica’sbusinesselite?Andifabambooceilingistoblame,whydoSouthAsiansbreakthroughmoreeasily?ThesequestionsarethefocusofastudybyJacksonLuofMITSloanSchoolofManagementandcolleagues,whosurveyedhundredsofseniorexecutivesandbusiness-schoolstudents.Theyfoundthatwhilediscriminationexists,itisnotdestiny.SouthAsiansenduregreaterracismthanEastAsiansbutstilloutperformevenwhites(ifsuccessisweighedagainstshareofpopulation).Theirresearchalsorulesoutlackofambition:agreatershareofAsiansthanwhitesendeavorforhigh-statusjobs.Thatleavesculture.TheresearchersconcludethatSouthAsianstendtobemoredeterminedandconfidentthanEastAsiansinhowtheycommunicateatwork,whichfitsWesternconceptsofhowaleadershouldbehave.Thesametendencyforconfidentremarksfeaturedin“TheArgumentativeIndian”,abookbyAmartyaSen,aNobel-prizewinningeconomist.TheresearchersoweEastAsians’silencetoConfucianvaluesofmodestyandrespectforsocialranking.Sometimesbraveryandbombastareneededtobreakbamboo.8.Whatdoes“bambooceiling”referto?A.ThetopofanAmericantechnologycompany.B.AroofmadeofbambootypicalofAsianbuildings.C.PromotionobstaclesfacingAsianemployeesinAmerica.D.TheinvisiblediscriminationagainstAsiansintheUSA.9.Whatdoes“under-represented”inParagraph2mean?A.Lackingrepresentatives. B.Hardtoshowtheirtalents.C.Beingunderestimated. D.Unabletolandajob.10.AccordingtoJacksonLu,whatmainlyaccountsforfewerpromotionsofEastAsiansthanSouthAsians?A.Asmallpopulation. B.Discrimination. C.Lackofambition. D.Culture.11.WhydoSouthAsianssucceedinAmericanbusinessmoreeasily?A.Westernpeopleprefermodestytoconfidenceincommunication.B.TheconfidencetheydemonstrateconsistswithWesternleadership.C.Theyenduregreaterracismandbecomemoreambitious.D.Theirambitionurgesthemtoendeavorforhigh-statusjobs.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章以一本名為《BreakingtheBambooCeiling》的書為引入，指出了在美國(guó)的亞洲員工面臨晉升障礙的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，同時(shí)南亞人比東亞人更容易晉升，分析了產(chǎn)生這一現(xiàn)象背后的種種原因?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“BecauseAsian-Americanshadhigherincomesandeducationlevelsandcommittedfewercrimesthantheiraveragecountrymen,theywereseenasamodelminority.Despitethis,theyrarelyrosetothetopofcompanies.Amixofindividual,culturalandorganizationalbarriers—the“bambooceiling”ofthebook’stitle—seemedtoprohibitthemfromrising.(由于亞裔美國(guó)人的收入和教育水平更高，犯罪行為也比一般同胞少，他們被視為模范少數(shù)族裔。盡管如此，他們很少能升到公司的高層。個(gè)人、文化和組織的障礙——書名中的“bambooceiling”——混合在一起，似乎阻止了他們的晉升)”可知，“bambooceiling”指的是在美國(guó)的亞洲員工面臨的晉升障礙。故選C?！?題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“Inthetechnologysectors,Asiansmakeupover30%oftheworkersbutlessthan15%ofbosses.In2017Asiansmadeuproughly6%ofthecountry’spopulationbutonly3%ofthebossesofS&P500(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù))firms.(在科技行業(yè)，亞洲人占員工總數(shù)的30%以上，但占老板總數(shù)的不到15%。2017年，亞洲人約占美國(guó)人口的6%，但在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)成分股公司的老板中，亞洲人只占3%)”可知，15年后，亞洲人在行業(yè)中仍然沒有得到充分的代表，即亞洲人缺乏代表。故畫線詞意思為“缺乏代表”。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“SouthAsiansenduregreaterracismthanEastAsiansbutstilloutperformevenwhites(ifsuccessisweighedagainstshareofpopulation).Theirresearchalsorulesoutlackofambition:agreatershareofAsiansthanwhitesendeavorforhigh-statusjobs.(南亞人忍受著比東亞人更嚴(yán)重的種族主義，但表現(xiàn)仍然超過白人——如果成功與人口比例相比較的話。他們的研究也排除了缺乏雄心壯志的可能性：努力獲得高職位的亞洲人比白人要多)”以及最后一段中“Thatleavesculture.(這樣一來就只剩下文化這種原因)”可推知，根據(jù)JacksonLu的研究，東亞人升職比南亞人少的主要原因是文化。故選D?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“TheresearchersconcludethatSouthAsianstendtobemoredeterminedandconfidentthanEastAsiansinhowtheycommunicateatwork,whichfitsWesternconceptsofhowaleadershouldbehave.(研究人員得出的結(jié)論是，南亞人在工作中的溝通方式往往比東亞人更有決心和自信，這符合西方關(guān)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的行事概念)”可知，南亞人更容易在美國(guó)商業(yè)中成功，是因?yàn)樗麄儽憩F(xiàn)出的信心與西方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一致。故選B。DGreatworkisworkthatmakesadifferenceinpeople’slives,writesDavidSturt,ExecutiveVicePresidentoftheO.C.TannerInstitute,inhisbookGreatWork:HowtoMakeaDifferencePeopleLove.Sturtinsists,however,thatgreatworkisnotjustforsurgeonsorspecial-needseducatorsorthefoundersoforganizationstryingtoeliminatepovertyinsub-SaharanAfrica.ThecentralthemeofGreatWork,accordingtoSturt,isthatanyonecanmakeadifferenceinanyjob.It’snotthenatureofthejob,butwhatyoudowiththejobthatcounts.Asproof,SturttellsthestoryofaremarkablehospitalcleanernamedMoses.Inabuildingfilledwithdoctorsandnursesdoinggreatlife-savingwork,Mosesthecleanermakesadifference.Wheneverheentersaroom,especiallyaroomwithasickchild,heengagesbothpatientsandparentswithhisoptimismandcalm,introducinghimselftothechildand,Sturtwrites,speaking“l(fā)ittlecommentsaboutlightandsunshineandmakingthingsclean.”Hecommentsonanyprogressheseesdaybyday(“you’resittinguptoday,that’sgood.”)Mosesisnodoctoranddoesn’tpretendtobe,buthehaswitnessedhundredsofsickchildrenrecoveringfrompainfulsurgery,andparentstakecomfortfromhisencouragingwords.ForMattandMindi,whosesonMcKaywasbornwithonlyhalfofaheart,Mosesbecameaclosefriend.AsSturtexplains,“Mosestookhisinnate(與生俱來的)talents(hissensitivity)andhispracticalwisdom(fromyearsofhospitalexperience)andcombinedthemintoapowerfulformofpatientandfamilysupportthatchangedthecritical-careexperienceforMindi,MattandlittleMcKay.”HowdopeoplelikeMosesdogreatworkwhensomanypeoplejustwork?ThatwasthecentralquestionraisedbySturtandhisteamattheO.C.TannerInstitute,aconsultingcompanyspecializedinemployeerecognitionandrewardssystem.O.C.TannerlaunchedanexhaustiveGreatWorkstudythatincludedsurveysto200seniorexecutives,afurthersetofsurveysto1,000managersandemployeesworkingonprojects,anin-depthqualitativestudyof1.7millionaccountsofaward-winningwork(intheformofnominations(提名)forawardsfromcorporationsaroundtheworld),andone-on-oneinterviewswith200differencemakers.Theresultsofthestudyrevealedthatthosewhodogreatworkrefusetobedefeatedbytheconstraintsoftheirjobsandareespeciallyabletoreframetheirjobs:theydon’tviewtheirjobsasalistoftasksandresponsibilitiesbutseetheirjobsasopportunitiestomakeadifference.Nomatter,asMosessoablyexemplifies(例證),whatthatjobmaybe.12.AccordingtoSturt,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.It’snotthenatureofthejob,butwhatyoudothatmakesadifference.B.Anyoneintheworldisresponsibletodeletepovertyandchangetheworld.C.Anyonecanmakeadifferenceinpeople’slivesnomatterwhatkindofjobhedoes.D.Surgeons,special-needseducatorsandfoundersoforganizationscansucceedmoreeasily.13.Accordingtothispassage,howdoesMoses,acommonhospitalcleaner,makeadifferenceinpeople’slives?A.Bykeepingoptimisticandcalmwhenfacingpatientsandtheirparentsathospital.B.Byshowinghisspecialgiftandworkingexperiencewhenworkingathospital.C.Byshowinghissympathyandkindnesstopatientswhenenteringtheirrooms.D.Bypretendingtobeadoctorornursewhenenteringaroomwithasickchild.14.Theword“constraints”inthelastparagraphprobablyrefersto______.A.demands B.advantages C.disadvantages D.limitations15.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Greatworkisworkthatmakesadifferenceinpeople’slivesnomatterwhatyoudo.B.Ifabosshastroublerecognizinghisemployees,hecanaskO.C.Tannerforadvice.CMosesmakesadifferencethroughhissensitivityandhispracticalwisdom.D.Thosewhodogreatworkareneverdefeatedbyothersortheirjobsthemselves.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章通過例子說明了偉大工作的中心主題是，任何人都可以在任何工作中有所作為?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段句子“ThecentralthemeofGreatWork,accordingtoSturt,isthatanyonecanmakeadifferenceinanyjob.”（斯圖特認(rèn)為，偉大工作的中心主題是，任何人都可以在任何工作中有所作為。）可知“不管做什么樣的工作，任何人都可以有所作為”這一表述正確。故選C項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段句子“Wheneverheentersaroom,especiallyaroomwithasickchild,heengagesbothpatientsandparentswithhisoptimismandcalm,introducinghimselftothechildand,Sturtwrites,speaking‘littlecommentsaboutlightandsunshineandmakingthingsclean.’”（每當(dāng)他走進(jìn)一個(gè)房間，特別是有一個(gè)生病的孩子的房間，他就會(huì)用他的樂觀和冷靜來吸引病人和家長(zhǎng)，向孩子自我介紹，并且，斯圖特寫道，摩西會(huì)說‘關(guān)于光和陽(yáng)光，以及如何把東西弄干凈的小評(píng)論。’”）可知，清潔工摩西在醫(yī)院面對(duì)病人和父母時(shí),會(huì)保持樂觀和冷靜。故選A項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后面的內(nèi)容“areespeciallyabletoreframetheirjobs”（尤其能夠重新定義自己的工作）可知，在工作上有所成就的人拒絕被工作本身的“局限性”打敗。“constraints”意思是局限性。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段句子“ThatwasthecentralquestionraisedbySturtandhisteamattheO.C.TannerInstitute,aconsultingcompanyspecializedinemployeerecognitionandrewardssystem.”（這是斯圖特和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)在O.C.Tanner研究所提出的核心問題，該研究所是一家專門研究員工認(rèn)可和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)系統(tǒng)的咨詢公司。）可知，如果一個(gè)老板在獲得員工認(rèn)可方面有困難，他可以向O.C.Tanner尋求建議。故選B項(xiàng)。【點(diǎn)睛】在閱讀文章中,作者常常讓讀者領(lǐng)會(huì)文章中不明確表達(dá)出來而暗含在其中的意思。這就需要讀者在閱讀過程中,在全面掌握文章所給出的信息的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用自己的知識(shí)認(rèn)真思考問題,領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的言外之意。這種從“已知”推出“未知”的過程,就是推論,是我們閱讀過程中必須掌握的一種解題技巧。如第四小題，文章中并沒有關(guān)于“如果一個(gè)老板在獲得員工認(rèn)可方面有困難”這個(gè)信息。但是通過句子“ThatwasthecentralquestionraisedbySturtandhisteamattheO.C.TannerInstitute,aconsultingcompanyspecializedinemployeerecognitionandrewardssystem”可以判斷出該信息正確。第二節(jié)七選五（共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余項(xiàng)。Whenitcomestogettingahead,isIQorEQmoreimportant?Athoughtexperimentconductedfeaturingbutterfliesandgeniusessettlesthequestiononceandforall.___16___Soifyouaskedpeoplewhetherthey’dratherbeabutterflyoragenius,I’mbettingmostpeoplewouldn’thesitatebeforechoosinggenius.Butbutterfliesarealsosocialcreatures,oftengatheringingroups.Theexperimentpointsoutjusthowbiganadvantagefriendlinesscanbe.Imaginetwogroupsofpeople.We’llcallthemtheGeniusesandtheButterfliesforshort.___17___Theycomeupwithoneground-breakinginventionevery10humanlifetimes.TheButterfliesaren’tnearlyasbright.Theytake1,000lifetimestocomeupwithaworld-changinginvention.ButwhattheButterflieslackincognitive(認(rèn)知的)horsepower,theymakeupforinsocialskills.___18___However,theeggheadGeniusesarealittleawkward.Theyonlyhaveonefriend.Nowimagineeveryonegoesabouttheirbusinesstryingtolearnaboutcool,newinventions,eitherbyfiguringthemoutforthemselvesorlearningaboutthemfromfriends.___19___Theonewherethepeopleareahundredtimessmarter(theGeniuses)ortheonewherethey’re10timesmoresocial(theButterflies)?Well,communicatingideaswithinagroupmightnotfeelasimpressiveascomingupwithbrilliantideasaloneinacorner.ChattyCathys(滔滔不絕的人)clearlyhavelessculturalmysterythanNobelwinners.Butwithoutthem,newideasdon’tspreadfastenoughto-makebigimpact.___20___Thisfascinatingthoughtexperimentisgoodnewsforthecommunicatorsandconnectorsoftheworld,butit’salsoavaluablelessonforanyoneputting-togetherateam.A.Whichsocietydoesbetter?B.EachButterflyhas10friends.C.TheGeniusesare,well,geniuses.D.Butterfliesareprettybutlackinginstrength.E.Isithardfortheexperimenttodrawaconclusion?F.Intermsofgroupsuccess,EQmattersmorethanrawIQ.G.TheButterfliesshouldn’tbecomparedwiththeGeniuses.【答案】16.D17.C18.B19.A20.F【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。一項(xiàng)關(guān)于蝴蝶和天才的思想實(shí)驗(yàn)徹底解決了智商和情商哪個(gè)更重要的問題?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Soifyouaskedpeoplewhetherthey’dratherbeabutterflyoragenius,I’mbettingmostpeoplewouldn’thesitatebeforechoosinggenius.”（所以如果你問人們是愿意做一只蝴蝶還是一個(gè)天才，我敢打賭大多數(shù)人在選擇天才之前都會(huì)毫不猶豫。）可知，此處是講做蝴蝶不如做天才好，所以選項(xiàng)D（蝴蝶很漂亮，但缺乏力量。）切合文意。故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Imaginetwogroupsofpeople.We’llcallthemtheGeniusesandtheButterfliesforshort.”（想象兩組人。我們簡(jiǎn)稱他們?yōu)樘觳藕秃?。）可知，后文?huì)分別陳述兩組人。再結(jié)合后文“Theycomeupwithoneground-breakinginventionevery10humanlifetimes.”（他們每10個(gè)人一生中就有一個(gè)突破性的發(fā)明。）可知，此處是介紹Geniuses這一組，所以選項(xiàng)C（Geniuses這一組就是天才）切合文意。故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)前文“ButwhattheButterflieslackincognitive（認(rèn)知的）horsepower,theymakeupforinsocialskills.”（但是蝴蝶們?cè)谡J(rèn)知能力上的不足，在社交能力上得到了彌補(bǔ)。）可知，此處是講蝴蝶出色的社交能力，所以選項(xiàng)B（每只蝴蝶有10個(gè)朋友。）切合文意。故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Theonewherethepeopleareahundredtimessmarter（theGeniuses）ortheonewherethey’re10timesmoresocial（theButterflies）?”（是聰明一百倍的人的天才社會(huì)還是社交能力優(yōu)秀十倍的蝴蝶社會(huì)？）可知，此處是講這兩個(gè)社會(huì)哪個(gè)更好，所以選項(xiàng)A（哪個(gè)社會(huì)更好？）切合文意。故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Butwithoutthem,newideasdon’tspreadfastenoughto-makebigimpact.”（但如果沒有他們，新思想的傳播速度就不足以產(chǎn)生重大影響。）可知，此處是講有社交能力的人也很重要，根據(jù)后文“Thisfascinatingthoughtexperimentisgoodnewsforthecommunicatorsandconnectorsoftheworld,butit’salsoavaluablelessonforanyoneputting-togetherateam.”（這個(gè)令人著迷的思維實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)于世界上的溝通者和連接者來說是好消息，但對(duì)于任何組建團(tuán)隊(duì)的人來說也是寶貴的一課。）可知，此處是講情商對(duì)團(tuán)體的成功更加重要。所以選項(xiàng)F（就團(tuán)隊(duì)成功而言，情商比單純的智商更重要。）切合文意。故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分25分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。TristinStewart,15,ofNorthernIreland,hasnorightkneeafterundergoinganoperation.Now,hisrightlegconnectsdirectlytoarightfootbackward,whichfitsmore___21___thanatraditionalamputation(截肢).Tristinsaidhebeganexperiencing___22___inhisrightlegin2014,butitwasnotuntillastyearthatdoctorsdiagnoseditasacancer.Thediagnosisand___23___operationmadeTristin’sparents,MandyandShanesoworried.“Tristinwasscaredfirstlybeforereceivingtheoperation”Mandysaid.“Whenwewentintoseehimaftertheoperation,youcould___24___seethatsomethingwasnotintherightplaceunderthe___25___,andShaneandIgotupthecouragetouncoverit.Thatwasaverystrangesight,butmyboy’slifewassavedsothat’sallthat___26___.”Inspiteofa___27___disease,thefirstinNorthernIreland,thesoccer-lovingteenisalreadybackonhis___28___justmonthsaftertheoperation.“AtthestartitwasuncomfortableandIwasn’tusedtoitbecauseoftheweightandmyfoot—youknow,itfelt___29___—butnowI’maccustomedtoit,”TristintoldCatersNews.“Itfeelsclosetonormal.”“Ican____30____withitandI’vejuststartedajog,”Tristinsaid.“Withoutit,I’dbeina____31____.Iwouldn’tbeabletodoanything.”Unexpectedly,manypeoplearenow____32____moneytobuyStewartprofessionalaidequipmentsohecan____33____insportsandmorephysicalactivities.“Friendshavebeenjustas____34____,andtheyhaven’ttreatedmedifferently,”Tristinadded.“AndIbelievenomatterhow____35____themountain,therewillalwaysbeaclimbforthepeoplewhodonotfearthedifficult.”21.A.comfortably B.differently C.dangerously D.commonly22.A.sorrow B.pain C.surprise D.strength23.A.expecting B.leading C.following D.increasing24.A.gradually B.sorely C.obviously D.fortunately25.A.beds B.covers C.clothes D.knives26.A.damages B.matters C.keeps D.memorizes27.A.successful B.deadly C.frustrating D.rare28.A.feet B.way C.behalf D.side29.A.great B.ugly C.amazing D.strange30.A.study B.walk C.swim D.run31.A.bed B.car C.wheelchair D.field32.A.raising B.making C.stealing D.printing33.A.take B.give C.break D.participate34.A.healthy B.smart C.hard D.usual35.A.smooth B.magnificent C.steep D.difficult【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.C25.B26.B27.D28.A29.D30.B31.C32.A33.D34.D35.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了失去右腿的少年斯圖爾特沒有放棄自己對(duì)體育的熱愛，依然熱愛生活?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在手術(shù)是把腳反轉(zhuǎn)安裝，這比起傳統(tǒng)的截肢，讓Tristin更舒服些。A.comfortably舒適地；B.differently不同地；C.dangerously危險(xiǎn)地；D.commonly一般地，通常地。根據(jù)上文“hasnorightkneeafterundergoinganoperation”和“thanatraditionalamputation(截肢)”可知，現(xiàn)在的手術(shù)是把腳反轉(zhuǎn)安裝，以解決沒有膝蓋的問題，這比起傳統(tǒng)的截肢，讓Tristin更舒服些。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Tristin說，他從2014年開始感到右腿疼痛，但直到去年才被醫(yī)生診斷為癌癥。A.sorrow悲傷；B.pain痛苦；C.surprise驚喜；D.strength力量，力氣。根據(jù)“butitwasnotuntillastyearthatdoctorsdiagnoseditasacancer”可知，患有癌癥的人早期是感到疼痛的。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)診斷和隨后的手術(shù)讓Tristin的父母Mandy和Shane非常擔(dān)心。A.expecting期待；B.leading領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；C.following跟隨；D.increasing加大，增加。根據(jù)下文““Tristinwasscaredfirstlybeforereceivingtheoperation,”Mandysaid.”可知，要想治療疾病，應(yīng)是先診斷，再進(jìn)行手術(shù)。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：手術(shù)后我們?nèi)タ此?，很明顯他的被窩里有些地方不對(duì)勁，我和Shane鼓起勇氣去掀開被單。A.gradually逐漸地；B.sorely疼痛地，非常；C.obviously明顯地；D.fortunately幸運(yùn)地。根據(jù)下文“thatsomethingwasnotintherightplace…”可知，Tristin是做了右腿手術(shù)，所以很明顯地看到被單下的腿不太正常。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：手術(shù)后我們?nèi)タ此?，很明顯他的被窩里有些地方不對(duì)勁，我和Shane鼓起勇氣去掀開被單。A.beds床上用品；B.covers覆蓋，封面，蓋子；C.clothes衣服；D.knives刀子。根據(jù)下文“andShaneandIgotupthecouragetouncoverit”可知，很明顯地看到被單下的腿不太正常，Mandy和Shane鼓起勇氣去掀開被單。故選B。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這景象很奇怪，但我兒子得救了，這才是最重要的。A.damages傷害，毀壞；B.matters重要，要緊；C.keeps保留；D.memorizes記住，背熟。根據(jù)“butmyboy’slifewassaved”可知，這個(gè)手術(shù)畢竟讓Tristin避免了癌癥的蔓延，換言之，這個(gè)手術(shù)拯救了Tristin，這才是最重要的。故選B。27題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管得了一種罕見的疾病，是北愛爾蘭的首例，但這位熱愛足球的少年在手術(shù)后幾個(gè)月就重新站了起來。A.successful成功的；B.deadly致命的；C.frustrating令人沮喪的；D.rare稀有的。根據(jù)下文“thefirstinNorthernIreland”可知，這是一種罕見的疾病。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管得了一種罕見的疾病，是北愛爾蘭的首例，但這位熱愛足球的少年在手術(shù)后幾個(gè)月就重新站了起來。A.feet腳；B.way方法；C.behalf代表，利益；D.side方面，旁邊。短語(yǔ)bebackonone'sfeet表示“重新站起來”，Tristin現(xiàn)在能走路了，因此他重新站了起來。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Tristin告訴CatersNews：“一開始我很不舒服，因?yàn)橹亓亢臀业哪_都讓我不習(xí)慣——你知道，感覺很奇怪——但現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了。”A.great極好的，偉大的；B.ugly丑陋的；C.amazing令人驚異的；D.strange奇怪的，陌生的。根據(jù)“butnowI’maccustomedtoit”可知，把右腳倒著連接右腿，這是很奇怪的。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“我可以用它走路，而且我剛剛開始慢跑，”Tristin說。A.study研究，學(xué)習(xí)；B.walk步行；C.swim游泳；D.run跑步。根據(jù)“andI’vejuststartedajog”可知，手術(shù)之后，是慢慢地恢復(fù)，先是站立，接著是走路，再是慢跑。故選B。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有它，我就得坐輪椅了。我就什么都做不了了。A.bed床；B.car車；C.wheelchair輪椅；D.field領(lǐng)域。根據(jù)下文“Iwouldn’tbeabletodoanything.”可知，沒有這個(gè)手術(shù)，Tristin就會(huì)徹底失去右腿，就只能困于輪椅之中了。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：出乎意料的是，現(xiàn)在很多人都在籌集資金為斯圖爾特購(gòu)買專業(yè)的輔助設(shè)備，這樣他就可以參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)和更多的體育活動(dòng)。A.raising提高，舉；B.making發(fā)展，制造，形成；C.stealing偷；D.printing印刷。根據(jù)“tobuyStewartprofessionalaid