2023年考研考博-考博英語-四川師范大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-四川師范大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.單選題Governor(州長)PatersonandMayorBloombergagreeonatleastonething—thatthetoppriorityforrebuildingGroundZeroisthecreationofamemorial,whichcouldbebuiltbythe10thanniversaryofSeptember11Attack.“Imentionedthattothemayor,andheagreedwholeheartedly,”Patersonsaidafterahalf-hourCityHallmeetingwithBloomberg.“Iwantedhimtoknowthatifwecanagree,we’dworkonbothendstotrytomakethathappen.WewillbegoinginadirectionthatIthinkallNewYorkerswouldbeproudof.”ThegovernorsaidthatwhilethePATHstationandthecommercialprojectsplannedforthecitywerealsoimportant,finishingthememorialwillsendapowerfulmessagetothepeopleofNewYork.“Ijustexpressedtothemayor,andheexpressedthesamethingtomethatithasalottodowiththemorale(士氣，民心)ofthecity,”Patersonsaid.Earlier,onhisweeklyradioshow,themayorchairedtheNationalSeptember11Memorial&MuseumattheWorldTradeCenter,whichraisedthe$350millionnecessaryforbuildingthecomplexandisnowraisingmoneyforamuseumendowment(捐贈(zèng)).Fifteenrelativesof9/11victimswrotealetterlastweekcallingforfasterprogress,saying,“Wehopethatyouensureeverythingpossibleisdonesothatwecanshareabeautifulandinspiringmemorialwiththeworldon9/11.”1.PatersonandBloombergagreedthatthecreationofamemorialwillbebuiltin______.2.“We’dworkonbothendstotrytomakethathappen”means______.3.Themayorchaired“theNationalSeptember11Memorial&Museum”inthistextreferstoa______.4.WhatdidthemayordotorespondPaterson?5.Thetitleofthetextwouldbe______.問題1選項(xiàng)A.2011B.2008C.2010D.2009問題2選項(xiàng)A.bothofourgroupswouldworkhardtoaccomplishthebuildingB.youandIwouldworkhardtopromoteitC.wewouldworkcontinuallywithoutastopD.bothofuswouldworkhardsothatitcouldhappen問題3選項(xiàng)A.meetingheldattheWorldTradeCenterB.certaindateonwhichameetingwillbeheldC.buildingwhichwouldbebuiltD.locationintheWorldTradeCenter問題4選項(xiàng)A.Heheldameetingforanendowmentofthebuilding.B.Heheldameetingtodemandmoney.C.Hegavearadioshowonweekend.D.HeheldameetingattheWorldTradeCenter.問題5選項(xiàng)A.amemorialoftheWorldTradeCenteriscrucialB.raisingmoneyisurgentforrebuildingGroundZeroC.anegotiationbetweenthegovernorandthemayorD.animportantdecisionbythegovernorandthemayor2.單選題Twoequallybrilliantscientistsapplyforaprestigiousresearchfellowshipawardedbyatopscientificorganization.Oneiswhite,theotherblack.Doesthecoloroftheirskinmatter?Mostscientistswillalreadybescreamingaresounding“no”.Thosewhoprogressinsciencedosobecauseoftheirwork,nottheirpigmentation.Scienceismeritocraticandobjective.Itmustthereforeberigorouslycolor-blindandshunbothracialdiscriminationandaffirmativeaction.Well,let’sthinkaboutthis.Ifsciencereallyissomeritocratic,wherearealltheblackNobelprizewinnersandfellowsoftheRoyalSociety?Theblackchairsofgovernmentscientificpanels?TheblackRichardDawkinsesandSusanGreenfields?WhenNewsweekmagazinerecentlysurveyedEurope’slargest100companies,itwasshockedtounearthonlysixboardmembersofnon-Europeanracialorigin.OneshudderstothinkwhatasimilarsurveyofupperechelonsofEuropeansciencewouldreveal.Eventheusuallystick-in-the-mudBritishgovernmentnowacknowledgesthereisaproblem.Lastmonthitpromisednewfundingforprojectsdesignedtocombatinstitutionalracisminscienceeducationinschools.Asmeasuresgoitislittleandlate,butwelcomenonetheless.Despitestartingschoolasthetopachievers,blackBritishchildrenhavelongunderperformedinscience.Andtherearepositivechangesafoothigherupthescientificcareerladdertoo.Atpresent,fewscientificorganizations,fundingbodiesorlabsinEuropebothereventotracktheracialbackgroundsofthosetheyhireorfund.Asaresult,thefullscaleoftheunder-representationproblemishidden.Notformuchlonger.Britain’snewlyamendedRaceRelationsActrequiresallgovernmentbodies,includingfundingcouncils,totracktheeffectsoftheiractivitiesondifferentethnicgroupsandensurethatallbenefitequally.AndnextyearaEuropeanUniondirectivewillpushallEUemployersthiswaytoo.ButethnicmonitoringalonewillnotcreatetheblackrolemodelsEuropeansciencesobadlyneeds.Somethingelseisneeded.FundingagenciesandinfluentialorganizationsliketheRoyalSocietymustbitethebulletofaffirmativeaction.Thatmeansring-fencingfellowshipsandgrantsforapplicantsfromparticularracialbackgrounds.Anditmeansseekingoutthosewhohavebrokenthroughthebarriersofraceandgivingthempreferenceovertheirequallywell-qualifiedwhitepeersforpositionsofinfluenceandplacesinthespotlight.Tokenismandfinesentimentswillnolongerdo.Withotherprofessionshavingalreadyleaptaheadinthisarea,theenduringwhitenessofscienceismorethananembarrassment:itisabarriertoitsverycredibility.IfalargesegmentofEurope’sschoolchildrenneverseeascientistwholookslikethem,theywillcontinuetothinkscienceisnotforthem.Andifscientistsdon’treflectthemultiracialsocietiestheylivein,they’llfindithardtowinthepublictrusttheycrave.Doescolormatter?Youbetitdoes.1.Scienceisnotsomeritocraticbecause______.2.Theembarrassingproblemaddressedinthepassage______.3.Oneofthepositivechangesafootis______.4.Tobitethebulletofaffirmativeactionis______.5.Theauthorarguesthatcolormattersbecauseitisof______.問題1選項(xiàng)A.itiscolor-blindB.itisraciallydiscriminativeC.itawardswrongresearchworkersD.itispracticedbythewhiteexclusively問題2選項(xiàng)A.wasprovedbyNewsweekmagazine’ssurveyB.shockedgovernmentscientificpanelsC.wasrevealedbytheRoyalSocietyD.alloftheabove問題3選項(xiàng)A.fundingresearchinstitutionsorlabsB.settingupascientificcareerladderC.hidingtheracialdiscriminationD.belittlingracialbackgrounds問題4選項(xiàng)A.tosetupblackrolemodelsinEuropeB.tokeepupethnicissuesundersurveillanceC.torestrictfellowshipsandgrantstotheblackD.tobalancethedistributionoffellowshipsandgrantsbetweenthewhiteandtheblack問題5選項(xiàng)A.thenatureofscienceB.credibilityofscienceC.anembarrassingtokenismD.mutualtrustbetweengenerations3.翻譯題不要拋棄學(xué)問有人說：“出去做事之后，生活問題急需解決，哪有工夫去讀書？即使要做學(xué)問，既沒有圖書館，又沒有實(shí)驗(yàn)室，哪能做學(xué)問？”我要對你們說：凡是要等到有圖書館才能讀書，有了圖書館也不肯讀書；凡是等到有了實(shí)驗(yàn)室方才做研究，有了實(shí)驗(yàn)室也不肯做研究。你有了決心就研究一個(gè)問題，自然會節(jié)衣縮食去買書，自然會想出法子來設(shè)置儀器。至于時(shí)間，更不成問題。達(dá)爾文一生多病，不能多做工，每天只能做一點(diǎn)鐘的工作。你們看他的成績！每天花一點(diǎn)鐘看10頁有用的書，每年可看3600多頁，30年可讀11萬頁書，11萬頁書可以使你成為一個(gè)學(xué)者了。4.單選題

Themanagertriedtowaveasidetheseissuesas______detailsthatwouldbesettledlater.問題1選項(xiàng)A.versatileB.trivialC.preliminaryD.alternate5.單選題Foodistotheblood______readingistothemind.問題1選項(xiàng)A.thatB.whichC.whatD.so6.單選題Einstein’stheoryofrelativityseemed______whenitwasfirstintroduced.問題1選項(xiàng)A.impressiveB.unaccountableC.inconsistentD.incredible7.單選題Theaccountant_______thousandsofdollarsfromthecharitywhileappearingtobeitsbestfundraiser.問題1選項(xiàng)A.donatedB.validatedC.embezzledD.certify8.單選題John______smokeheavily,buthehasnowstopped.問題1選項(xiàng)A.isusedtoB.wasusedtoC.usedtoD.hasbeenusedto9.單選題The“EchoHouse”willdemonstratehowwecanlivewithhighlyefficientinsulation,solarheating,energyefficient______andorganicgardening.問題1選項(xiàng)A.applicatorsB.applicationsC.applicantsD.appliances10.單選題Partiestoajointventureshallapplyforarbitration______therelevantwrittenagreement.問題1選項(xiàng)A.incaseofB.inharmonywithC.inaccordancewithD.initself11.單選題Inasudden______ofanger,themantoreupeverythingwithinreach.問題1選項(xiàng)A.attackB.burstC.splitD.blast12.翻譯題residentialarea,leavesofblackbarrier,plaque,arch二大門二大門建于1909年，是清華大學(xué)的老校門。1933年，校園擴(kuò)大，西區(qū)住宅區(qū)延伸，（同時(shí)）新校門修建（即現(xiàn)在的西校門）。梁實(shí)秋在清華大學(xué)讀書的時(shí)候，這樣描述它的老校門：清華大學(xué)的老校門由灰磚砌成，復(fù)以白漆，籠罩在淡淡的乳白色中，與總是半開著的兩扇黑色棚欄相映襯。在拱形大門的橫匾上刻著三個(gè)醒目的中國字“清華園”，為清朝末期一個(gè)叫作那同的達(dá)官所書寫。大門在文化革命初期被損毀，直到1991年才重新修復(fù)。13.單選題“Veryfewpeopleliketotalkabouthowmuchmoneytheymake—especiallypeoplewhoearnalotofmoney,”wroteSalmoninhispostWhySalariesShouldn’tBeSecret,inthewakeofnewsthatrecently—departedNewYorkTimeseditorJillAbramsonhadstartedaskingquestionsaboutthepaydiscrepancybetweenherandherpredecessor.“Sincecompaniestendtoberunbypeoplewhoearnalotofmoney,theresultisacultureofsilenceandsecrecywhenitcomestopay.”Thereareseveralsurprisingreasons.“Secrecysurroundingpayisgenerallyabadideaforanyorganizations,”Salmonwrote.“Foronething,secrecyaboutpayisbadforwomen,whoareworseataskingforraisesthanmenare.Ifmensecretlyaskforraisesandsecretlygetthen,whilewomendon’t,thenthathelpstoexplain,atleastinpart,whymenendupearningmorethanwomen,”Salmonwrote.“Secrecyaroundpayisalsoagreatwaytoallowmanagersto—consciouslyorunconsciously—playfavoriteswiththeirstaff.”“We’veallworkedincompanies,I’msure,wheretheonlywaytogetasubstantialraiseistoconfrontmanagementwithajobofferfromsomewhereelse,”headded.“That’sclearlyadreadfulwaytorunacompany,sinceitgivesallemployeesahugeincentivetospendalotoftimelookingforworkelsewhere,evenifthey’rehappywheretheyare.”“Ifyouworkforacompanywhereeverybodyknowswhateverybodyelseisearning,thenit’sgoingtobeveryeasytoseewhat’sgoingon.You’llseewhothestarsare,you’llseewhatkindofskillsandtalentthecompanyrewards,”hewrote.“You’llalsoseewhethermengetpaidmorethanwomen,whethermanagersaregenerallyoverpaid,andwhetherbehaviorlikethreateningtoquitisrewardedwithbigraises.What’smore,becausemanagementknowsthateverybodyelsewillseesuchthings,they’llbemuchlesslikelytodothekindofsecretdealswhicharealltoocommoninmostcompaniestoday.”1.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?2.WhatisapossiblereasonwhymenusuallyearnmorethanwomenaccordingtoSalmon?3.Theitalicizedphrase“playfavoriteswith”mostlikelymeansto______.4.Anotherbigproblemsecrecyaboutpaymightcauseis______.5.WhatdoesSalmonsuggestmighthappenifthereisnosecrecyinpay?問題1選項(xiàng)A.Salmonisthefirstwriterwhoputforwardthequestionofpaydiscrepancy.B.JillAbramsonleftNewYorkTimeswhensheknewthatdifferenceinpay.C.Managersseldomtalkabouttheirpaybecauseitisatraditionnotto.D.JillAbramsondidn’tgetthesamepaywithsomeonewhodidthesamejob.問題2選項(xiàng)A.Menaremorelikelytogetthetrustoftheirboss.B.Managerstendtothinkmenaremorecapablethanwomen.C.Menexpectmorepressureonthebossforpayraisethanwomen.D.Menaremorelikelytomakesecretdealwiththemanageraboutpay.問題3選項(xiàng)A.makesecretdealswithB.treatdifferentlyC.showprejudiceagainstD.cheat問題4選項(xiàng)A.employees’lackoffullcommitmentB.lowproductivityC.unhappyemployeesD.frequentconfrontations問題5選項(xiàng)A.Managerswillearnlessthantheydotoday.B.Employeeswillbemoreskilledthantoday.C.Itwillbeclearwhotheboss’sfavoriteis.D.Thecompanywillbecomeafairerplacethantoday.14.單選題InthecaseofFinney,whereanattendantatamentalhospitalcausedthedeathofapatientbyreleasingaflowofboilingwaterintoabath,thetestwaswhetherhewasgrossly______.問題1選項(xiàng)A.negativeB.negligentC.neglectedD.negligible15.單選題Thelegalownershipofthegoods______theselleruntilthefinalpaymenthasbeenmade.問題1選項(xiàng)A.reliesonB.consistsC.remainswithD.fallsinto16.單選題Complicated______itis,theproblemcanbesolvedinonlytwohourswithanelectroniccomputer.問題1選項(xiàng)A.likeB.asC.howeverD.evenif17.單選題Asocietyis______onlywhenthehumblestandweakestpersoncanenjoythehighestcivil,economic,andsocialrightsthattheprivilegedandmostpowerfulpossess.問題1選項(xiàng)A.conflictingB.friendlyC.democraticD.hostile18.單選題Oncloser______,however,theplacehassubtlemarksofdistinction.問題1選項(xiàng)A.inspectionB.inspirationC.expectationD.execution19.單選題Thedoctoristryingtosavethepatientbyevery______means.問題1選項(xiàng)A.imaginativeB.imaginaryC.imaginableD.imagination20.單選題______,forwhommanyyoungmenarecrazy.問題1選項(xiàng)A.HerethemoviestarcomesB.HerecomesthemoviestarC.ThemoviestarcomeshereD.Comesherethemoviestar21.填空題22.單選題Hebelievedinconventionalbehaviorswhich______tothehigheststandards.問題1選項(xiàng)A.confirmedB.confrontedC.conformedD.affirmed23.單選題Improvedconsumerconfidenceis______toaneconomicrecovery.問題1選項(xiàng)A.crucialB.subordinateC.cumulativeD.satisfactory24.單選題

Itwasthetrainingthathehadasayoungman______madehimsuchagoodengineer.問題1選項(xiàng)A.whatB.whichC.thatD.who25.單選題AlthoughJackandIhadnotmetforover20yearsIrecognizedhim______Isawhim.問題1選項(xiàng)A.justasB.eventhoughC.theminuteD.aslongas第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】第1題:A第2題:B第3題:A第4題:A第5題:D【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可定位到第一段，段尾補(bǔ)充說明時(shí)間“whichcouldbebuiltbythe10thanniversaryofSeptember11Attack”（在9?11恐怖襲擊十周年前建成），而9?11事件發(fā)生在2001年，因此十周年即2011年，A選項(xiàng)正確。2.語義推測題。本句的“we”是指Governor和Mayor，結(jié)合上下文，此處是指Governor和Mayor達(dá)成了一致，即雙方協(xié)力促成這個(gè)紀(jì)念碑的建成，因此B選項(xiàng)“你和我將努力推動(dòng)它”正確；這兩人不可能直接參與accomplishthebuilding的工作，A選項(xiàng)“我們兩個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)都將努力工作來完成這個(gè)建筑”可排除；C選項(xiàng)“我們將不停地工作”不符合此處語境，本段中并非強(qiáng)調(diào)一直不停工作，可排除；D選項(xiàng)“我們倆都要努力工作，這樣它才能實(shí)現(xiàn)”，這個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)sothat，說明“建成紀(jì)念碑”這件事非得雙方共同努力才可以，但是原文中體現(xiàn)的是“ifwecanagree,we’dworkonbothendstotrytomakethathappen”，只是強(qiáng)調(diào)合力促成紀(jì)念碑建成，而非指形成一個(gè)建成紀(jì)念碑的唯一條件，D選項(xiàng)可排除。3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干定位到文章第三段第一句，在關(guān)鍵詞后有一個(gè)修飾從句“whichraisedthe$350millionnecessaryforbuildingthecomplexandisnowraisingmoneyforamuseumendowment”（籌集了3.5億美元建設(shè)建筑樓的必要資金，現(xiàn)在又在為博物館募捐），可知這是一個(gè)募捐活動(dòng)，這個(gè)活動(dòng)是為籌集資金用，句中的“attheWorldTradeCenter”說明活動(dòng)舉辦點(diǎn)正在世貿(mào)中心，A選項(xiàng)“在世界貿(mào)易中心舉行的會議”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“date”（日期）、C選項(xiàng)“building”（建筑）、D選項(xiàng)“l(fā)ocation”（位置）均不符合題意。4.推理判斷題。本題問的是市長的回應(yīng)，在第三段中有具體描述。結(jié)合上題，由第一句可知，市長召開了會議來為這個(gè)建筑募集資金，因此A選項(xiàng)“他召開了一次會議，要求為這座建筑物捐贈(zèng)資金”正確。B選項(xiàng)“他召開會議要錢”中的demand“要求；逼問”與文中的raise“籌集”詞義不符合，可排除；C選項(xiàng)“他周末在電臺主持節(jié)目”與D選項(xiàng)“他在世界貿(mào)易中心召開了一次會議”并未表現(xiàn)出對于Governor的提議與說法的針對性舉措，因此可排除。5.主旨大意題。本文第一段說到，州長和市長兩人就紀(jì)念碑一事達(dá)成一致；第二段引用了州長的一些言論，表明建成紀(jì)念碑將大大鼓舞紐約市民的士氣；第三段講述了市長籌集資金的舉措，也提到遇難者家屬期盼建成紀(jì)念碑。全文由州長和市長兩人的洽談?wù)归_，講述的核心在于兩人達(dá)成一致，共同促進(jìn)紀(jì)念碑的建成，因此D選項(xiàng)“州長和市長做出的重要決定”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“世貿(mào)中心的紀(jì)念碑至關(guān)重要”出現(xiàn)在第二段，B選項(xiàng)“為重建原爆點(diǎn)籌集資金是當(dāng)務(wù)之急”出現(xiàn)在第三段，C選項(xiàng)“州長和市長之間的談判”出現(xiàn)在第一段，均屬于以偏概全。2.【答案】第1題:B第2題:A第3題:D第4題:A第5題:B【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thosewhoprogressinsciencedosobecauseoftheirwork,nottheirpigmentation.Scienceismeritocraticandobjective.Itmustthereforeberigorouslycolor-blindandshunbothracialdiscriminationandaffirmativeaction.（那些在科學(xué)上取得進(jìn)步的人是因?yàn)樗麄兊墓ぷ鳎皇撬麄兊哪w色。科學(xué)是任人唯賢的，是客觀的。因此，它必須嚴(yán)格無視膚色，避免種族歧視和平權(quán)行動(dòng)。）”，由此可知種族歧視是科學(xué)不那么任人唯賢的原因，所以B選項(xiàng)“它是種族歧視的”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“它是色盲的”；C選項(xiàng)“它獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)錯(cuò)誤的研究人員”；D選項(xiàng)“是白色人種獨(dú)有的”均不符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“WhenNewsweekmagazinerecentlysurveyedEurope’slargest100companies,itwasshockedtounearthonlysixboardmembersofnon-Europeanracialorigin.OneshudderstothinkwhatasimilarsurveyofupperechelonsofEuropeansciencewouldreveal.（當(dāng)《新聞周刊》最近對歐洲最大的100家公司進(jìn)行調(diào)查時(shí)，令人震驚的是，只有6名非歐洲種族血統(tǒng)的董事會成員。一想到對歐洲科學(xué)界高層進(jìn)行的類似調(diào)查將揭示出什么，人們就會不寒而栗。）”，由此可知《新聞周刊》的調(diào)查證實(shí)了文章中提到的尷尬的問題，即種族歧視確實(shí)存在，所以A選項(xiàng)“《新聞周刊》的調(diào)查證實(shí)了這一點(diǎn)”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“震驚政府科學(xué)小組”；C選項(xiàng)“由皇家學(xué)會披露”；D選項(xiàng)“以上都是”都不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第五段“Andtherearepositivechangesafoothigherupthescientificcareerladdertoo.Atpresent,fewscientificorganizations,fundingbodiesorlabsinEuropebothereventotracktheracialbackgroundsofthosetheyhireorfund.（在科學(xué)事業(yè)的階梯上也有積極的變化。目前，歐洲幾乎沒有科學(xué)組織、資助機(jī)構(gòu)或?qū)嶒?yàn)室費(fèi)心去追蹤他們雇傭或資助的人的種族背景。）”，由此可知對種族背景關(guān)心的淡化是發(fā)生的積極變化之一，所以D選項(xiàng)“輕視種族背景”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“資助研究機(jī)構(gòu)或?qū)嶒?yàn)室”；B選項(xiàng)“建立科學(xué)的職業(yè)階梯”；C選項(xiàng)“隱藏種族歧視”都與題干無關(guān)，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第六段“ButethnicmonitoringalonewillnotcreatetheblackrolemodelsEuropeansciencesobadlyneeds.Somethingelseisneeded.FundingagenciesandinfluentialorganizationsliketheRoyalSocietymustbitethebulletofaffirmativeaction.（但是，僅靠種族監(jiān)控并不能創(chuàng)造出歐洲科學(xué)迫切需要的黑人榜樣。還需要一些別的東西。資助機(jī)構(gòu)和像英國皇家學(xué)會這樣有影響力的組織必須忍受平權(quán)行動(dòng)。）”，由此可知平權(quán)行動(dòng)是為了建立黑人榜樣，所以A選項(xiàng)“在歐洲建立黑人榜樣”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“保持種族問題在監(jiān)視之下”；C選項(xiàng)“限制黑人的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金和補(bǔ)助金”；D選項(xiàng)“平衡研究金和補(bǔ)助金在白人和黑人之間的分配”都不符合原文，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。5.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Andifscientistsdon’treflectthemultiracialsocietiestheylivein,they’llfindithardtowinthepublictrusttheycrave.Doescolormatter?Youbetitdoes.（如果科學(xué)家不能反映出他們所生活的多種族社會，他們將發(fā)現(xiàn)很難贏得他們渴望的公眾信任。膚色有關(guān)系嗎?當(dāng)然了。）”，由此可知作者認(rèn)為膚色對科學(xué)的可信度有很大關(guān)系，科學(xué)家只有尊重不同膚色的社會，才會取得公眾信任，所以B選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)的可信度”正確。A選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)的本質(zhì)”；C選項(xiàng)“尷尬的表面文章”；D選項(xiàng)“世代之間的相互信任”說法都不正確，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。3.【答案】NeverGiveupthePursuitofLearningSomepeoplesay,“Onceyouhaveajob,you’llcomeupagainsttheurgentproblemofmakingaliving.Howcanyoumanagetofindtimetostudy?Evenifyouwantto,willitbepossiblewithnolibraryornolaboratoryavailable?”Nowletmetellyouthis.Thosewhorefusetostudyforlackofalibrarywillmostprobablycontinuetodosoeventhoughthereisalibrary.Andthosewhorefusetodoresearchforlackofalaboratorywillmostprobablycontinuetodosoeventhoughalaboratoryisavailable.Aslongasyousetyourmindonstudies,youwillnaturallycutdownonfoodandclothingtobuybooksordoeverythingpossibletoacquirenecessaryinstruments.Timeisnoobject.CharlesDarwincouldonlyworkonehouradayduetoillhealth.Yetwhataremarkablemanhewas!Ifyouspendonehouradayreading10pagesofabook,youcanfinishmorethan3600pagesayear,and110000pagesin30years.110000pageswillbequiteenoughtomakealearnedmanofman.4.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)versatile“多才多藝的；通用的，萬能的；多面手的”；B選項(xiàng)trivial“不重要的，瑣碎的；瑣細(xì)的”；C選項(xiàng)preliminary“初步的；開始的；預(yù)備的”；D選項(xiàng)alternate“交替的，輪流的；間隔的，每隔（……天等）的；（一個(gè)或多個(gè)事物）另外的，可供選擇的；（兩者）互不相容的；另類的，非傳統(tǒng)的；（葉、芽）互生的”。句意：經(jīng)理試圖對這些問題置之不理，認(rèn)為都是些瑣碎的細(xì)節(jié)，以后再解決。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。5.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。本題考查的句型是：AistoBwhatCistoD=AistoBjustasCistoD。意為“A對于B正如C對于D一樣”，如：Peopleistothearmywhatwateristofish．句意：食物之于血液，猶如讀書之于心靈。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。6.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impressive“感人的；令人欽佩的；給人以深刻印象的”；B選項(xiàng)unaccountable“無責(zé)任的；莫名其妙的；不可理解的”；C選項(xiàng)inconsistent“不一致的；前后矛盾的”；D選項(xiàng)incredible“不能相信的，難以置信的；極好的，極大的”。句意：愛因斯坦的相對論剛被提出時(shí)似乎令人難以置信。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。7.【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)donate“捐贈(zèng)，捐獻(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)validate“證實(shí)，驗(yàn)證；確認(rèn)；使生效”；C選項(xiàng)embezzle“盜用；挪用；貪污”；D選項(xiàng)certify“證明；保證”。句意：那個(gè)會計(jì)盜用善款幾千美元，卻表現(xiàn)出自己是最佳的捐助者。根據(jù)句中的while可知，前后兩句關(guān)系為轉(zhuǎn)折，后半句提到“最佳捐贈(zèng)者”，那么前半句句意應(yīng)該與之相反。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。8.【答案】C【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)isusedto和B選項(xiàng)wasusedto均表示“習(xí)慣于……；習(xí)慣”；C選項(xiàng)usedto意為“過去常常，過去經(jīng)常做某事”，有過去常這樣做，現(xiàn)在不這樣做了的意味；D選項(xiàng)hasbeenusedto是beusedto的完成時(shí)。句意：約翰過去抽煙很厲害，但現(xiàn)在不抽了。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。9.【答案】D【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)applicators“涂藥器；敷帖器；上涂裝置”；B選項(xiàng)applications“應(yīng)用；申請；應(yīng)用程序；敷用；（對事物、學(xué)習(xí)等）投入”；C選項(xiàng)applicants“申請人，申請者；請求者”；D選項(xiàng)appliances“器具；器械；裝置；應(yīng)用”。原句中有幾個(gè)并列成分：highlyefficientinsulation，solarheating，energyefficient____，和organicgardening，根據(jù)上下文，這些都是與生存環(huán)境有關(guān)的詞語，因此我們不難排除掉與此無關(guān)的選項(xiàng)A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)。另外，原句中的幾個(gè)并列成分都是具體名詞。因此可以推斷B選項(xiàng)application“應(yīng)用；申請；應(yīng)用程序；敷用；（對事物、學(xué)習(xí)等）投入”與題意不符。句意：“回音屋”將向我們展示如何使用高效隔熱、太陽能飲食、節(jié)能電器和有機(jī)園藝來生活。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。10.【答案】C【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)incaseof“萬一；如果發(fā)生；假設(shè)”；B選項(xiàng)inharmonywith“和諧；協(xié)調(diào)一致；協(xié)調(diào)；與……相配”；C選項(xiàng)inaccordancewith“根據(jù)；按照；依照”；D選項(xiàng)initself“以其本身而言，本質(zhì)上”。句意：合營各方應(yīng)根據(jù)有關(guān)書面協(xié)議申請仲裁。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。11.【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)attack“攻擊；抨擊；動(dòng)手干”；B選項(xiàng)burst“爆炸；戳破；爆裂；（器官或血管）爆裂；裝滿；充滿感情；突然爆發(fā)（某種感情）”；C選項(xiàng)split“分離；使分離；劈開；離開；分解”；D選項(xiàng)blast“爆炸；損害；使枯萎”。根據(jù)固定搭配inasuddenburstofanger“突然爆發(fā)的憤怒”可知句意為：那人勃然大怒，把伸手可及的一切東西都撕碎了。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。12.【答案】TheSecondGate,builtin1909,istheoldgateofTsinghuaUniversity.In1933,thecampuswasexpanded,theWestSideresidentialareawasextended,andthenewschoolgate(nowtheWestGate)wasbuilt.WhenLiangShiqiuwasastudentatTsinghuaUniversity,hedescribeditsoldgatethisway:TheoldgateofTsinghuaUniversitywasbuiltofgreybrick,cladinwhitepaint,andenvelopedinapalemilkywhite,setoffbytwoleavesofblackbarrierthatwerealwayshalfopen.OnthehorizontalplaqueofthearchedgatearethreestrikingChinesecharacters“QingHuaYuan”,writtenbyanofficialnamedNatonginthelateQingDynasty.ThegatewasdamagedatthebeginningoftheCulturalRevolutionandwasnotrestoreduntil1991.13.【答案】第1題:C第2題:D第3題:A第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Sincecompaniestendtoberunbypeoplewhoearnalotofmoney,theresultisacultureofsilenceandsecrecywhenitcomestopay.（由于公司往往是由賺大錢的人經(jīng)營的，其結(jié)果是在薪酬方面形成了一種沉默和保密的文化。）”，由此可知C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)理們很少談?wù)撍麄兊男匠?，因?yàn)檫@是一種傳統(tǒng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“薩爾蒙是第一個(gè)提出工資差距問題的作家”文中沒有說到；B選項(xiàng)“吉爾?艾布拉姆森知道工資的差別后離開了《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》”文章也沒有明確說到這二者有因果關(guān)系；D選項(xiàng)“吉爾?艾布拉姆森沒有和做同樣工作的人得到同樣的報(bào)酬”說法錯(cuò)誤，文中只提到吉爾?艾布拉姆森質(zhì)疑她和自己前輩的工資差異，并沒有說到他們是否是做的同樣的工作，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Foronething,secrecyaboutpayisbadforwomen,whoareworseataskingforraisesthanmenare.Ifmensecretlyaskforraisesandsecretlygetthen,whilewomendon’t,thenthathelpstoexplain,atleastinpart,whymenendupearningmorethanwomen.（一方面，工資保密對女性不利，因?yàn)榕员饶行愿簧朴谝蠹有?。如果男人偷偷地要求加薪，然后偷偷地得到加薪，而女人卻沒有，那么這就有助于解釋，至少在一定程度上，為什么男人最終會比女人掙得多。）”，由此可知D選項(xiàng)“男人更容易和經(jīng)理就工資問題做秘密交易”正確。A選項(xiàng)“男人更容易得到老板的信任”；B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)理們傾向于認(rèn)為男人比女人更有能力”以及C選項(xiàng)“男性施加給經(jīng)理的加薪壓力比女性更大”文章都沒有提及，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。3.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Secrecyaroundpayisalsoagreatwaytoallowmanagersto—consciouslyorunconsciously—playfavoriteswiththeirstaff.（關(guān)于薪酬的保密也是一個(gè)很好的方法，可以讓管理者有意識或無意識地與員工達(dá)成某種協(xié)議）”以及前文可知A選項(xiàng)“與……做秘密交易”與playfavoritewith意思更接近。B選項(xiàng)“區(qū)別對待”；C選項(xiàng)“對……有偏見”；D選項(xiàng)“欺騙”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“We’veallworkedincompanies,I’msure,wheretheonlywaytogetasubstantialraiseistoconfrontmanagementwithajobofferfromsomewhereelse,”headded.“That’sclearlyadreadfulwaytorunacompany,sinceitgivesallemployeesahugeincentivetospendalotoftimelookingforworkelsewhere,evenifthey’rehappywheretheyare.”（我敢肯定，我們都在一些公司工作過，要想獲得大幅加薪，唯一的辦法就是讓管理層面對來自其他地方的工作邀請。這顯然是一種可怕的管理公司的方式，因?yàn)檫@給了所有員工巨大的動(dòng)力，讓他們花大量時(shí)間在別處找工作，即使他們在那里很開心。）”，由此可知薪酬保密導(dǎo)致如果員工想加薪就只有不停地去別處找工作，從而導(dǎo)致員工的心情變差，影響工作效率，C選項(xiàng)“不開心的員工”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“員工缺乏充分的承諾”；B選項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)率低”以及D選項(xiàng)“頻繁的對抗”文章都沒有提及，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“You’llseewhothestarsare,you’llseewhatkindofskillsandtalentthecompanyrewards,”hewrote.“You’llalsoseewhethermengetpaidmorethanwomen,whethermanagersaregenerallyoverpaid,andwhetherbehaviorlikethreateningtoquitisrewardedwithbigraises.What’smore,becausemanagementknowsthateverybodyelsewillseesuchthings,they’llbemuchlesslikelytodothekindofsecretdealswhicharealltoocommoninmostcompaniestoday.”（你會看到最受老板青睞的是誰，你會看到公司獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的是什么樣的技能和才能。你還將看到，男性的薪酬是否高于女性，管理人員的薪酬是否普遍過高，以及威脅辭職等行為是否會得到大幅加薪的回報(bào)。更重要的是，因?yàn)楣芾韺又榔渌硕紩吹竭@樣的事情，所以他們不太可能做今天大多數(shù)公司都太常見的秘密交易。）”，由此可知如果薪酬不保密，公司內(nèi)部的各種規(guī)則會更透明化，工資制度相對來說會更公平，D選項(xiàng)“公司將變得比今天更公平”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)理們的收入將比現(xiàn)在少”和B選項(xiàng)“員工們的技能會比今天更高”文章中并沒有直接體現(xiàn)；C選項(xiàng)“老板最喜歡誰將一目了然”雖然文章有提到，但是不符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。14.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)negative“負(fù)的；消極的；否定的；陰性的”；B選項(xiàng)negligent“疏忽的；粗心大意的”；C選項(xiàng)neglected“被忽視的；無人照管的”；D選項(xiàng)negligible“微不足道的，可以忽略的”。句意：在芬尼案中，精神病院的一名護(hù)工將沸騰的開水倒入浴缸，導(dǎo)致一名病人死亡，測試的是他是否嚴(yán)重疏忽。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。15.【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)relyon“依靠；依賴；憑借；信賴”；B選項(xiàng)consists“包括；組成；由；在于”；C選項(xiàng)remainwith“屬于；在；翻譯；取決于”；D選項(xiàng)fallinto“落入；陷入；陷于；河流注入”。句意：在付清全部貨款之前，貨物的所有權(quán)屬于賣方。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。16.【答案】B【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。讓步狀語從句是狀語從句中的一種，一般翻譯為“盡管……”或“即使……”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有：though,although,while,as;evenif,eventhough;whether...or...等，as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn)，被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形，though也可用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中，但although不可以這樣用。evenif引導(dǎo)的讓步從句含有強(qiáng)烈的假定性，可用來表示與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，但不能用來描述已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事實(shí)。該題題干為部分倒裝語序，句意：雖然這道題很復(fù)雜，但用電子計(jì)算機(jī)只需兩個(gè)小時(shí)就能解決。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。17.【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conflicting“沖突的；相矛盾的；不一致的”；B選項(xiàng)friendly“友好的；親切的；支持的；融洽的，和睦的”；C選項(xiàng)democratic“民主的；民主政治的；大眾的”；D選項(xiàng)hostile“敵對的，敵方的；懷敵意的”。句意：只有當(dāng)最卑微和最弱小的人能夠享有最高的公民、經(jīng)濟(jì)特權(quán)以及擁有和特權(quán)階層和最有權(quán)勢的人所擁有的社會權(quán)利時(shí)，一個(gè)社會才是民主的。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。18.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inspection“視察，檢查”；B選項(xiàng)inspiration“靈感；鼓舞；吸氣；妙計(jì)”；C選項(xiàng)expectation“期待；預(yù)期；指望”；D選項(xiàng)execution“執(zhí)行，實(shí)行；完成；死刑”。句意：然而，仔細(xì)觀察，這個(gè)地方有微妙的區(qū)別。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。19.【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)imaginative“富于想象的；有創(chuàng)造力的”；B選項(xiàng)imaginary“虛構(gòu)的，假想的；想象的；虛數(shù)的”；C選項(xiàng)imaginable“可能的；可想象的”；D選項(xiàng)imagination“（n.）想象力；空想；幻想物”。句意：醫(yī)生正在想盡一切辦法挽救病人。