牛津高中英語模塊四uniGrammarandusage

GrammarandUsageDirectspeechandreportedspeechUnit1M4直接引語和間接引語直接引用別人的話叫直接引語，用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫間接引語。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語從句；直接引語前后加引號，間接引語不必加。直接引語：

Shesaid,“Mybrother’snameisTom.” Heaskedme,“Wheredoyoulive?”間接引語：

Shesaidthatherbrother’snamewasTom. HeaskedmewhereIlived.直接引語和間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換在直接引語向間接引語轉(zhuǎn)換的過程中，不僅要進(jìn)行句式上的轉(zhuǎn)換，而且常常要在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人稱等方面做相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)換。1、如何變?nèi)朔Q：

口訣：一隨主,二隨賓，第三人稱不更新1.She

said.

"My

brother

wants

to

goshopping

with

me.

”→She

said_____brotherwanted

to

goshopping

with___2.Shesaidtome,“Youplaybasketballbetterthanme.”→Shetoldmethat___playedbasketballbetterthan____.3.Hesaid,“She

willcometohavealongholidaywithus.”→Hesaid

that_____wouldcometohavealongholidaywith_____.

her

her

I

hershethem2.若主句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)要調(diào)整時(shí)態(tài)。如下表：直接引語間接引語直接引語間接引語現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)不變將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)將來完成時(shí)過去將來完成時(shí)Hesaid,“I’mapoliceman.” Hesaidthathewasapoliceman.2.Hesaid,“I’mplayingfootballnow.” Hesaidthathewasplayingfootballthen.3.Hesaid,“Ihavedonemyhomework.” Hesaidthathehaddonehishomework.4.Hesaid,“Isawafilmyesterday.” Hesaidthathehadseenafilmthedaybefore.5.Hesaid,“Ihadlearned3,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm. Hesaidthathehadlearned3,000Englishwordsbytheendofthetermbefore.

注意：以下幾種情況時(shí)態(tài)不變①直接引語是客觀真理。

The

teacher

said

"The

earth

moves

around

the

sun

.”→

The

teacher

said

that

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun

earth.

③直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

Jack

said.

"I

was

born

on

April

2l,

1980."

②直接引語是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。

Jack

said.

“IwasdoingcookingwhenTomcametoseeme”

Jack

saidhewasdoingcokingwhenTomcametoseehim.→Jacksaid

he

was

born

on

April

21,

1980.3.指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語和動(dòng)詞也要做調(diào)整。如下表：直接引語間接引語指示代詞thisthesethatthose時(shí)間狀語nowtodaytonightthenthatdaythatnightthisweeklastweekyesterdayfivedaysagotomorrownextweekthatweektheweekbeforethedaybeforefivedaysbeforethenextdaythenextweek地點(diǎn)狀語herethere動(dòng)詞comegoEx:Page9(1)was(2)wouldbe(3)hadread(4)that(5)would(6)hadbought(7)that(8)would(9)those(10)her4.若直接引語為一般疑問句，改為間接引語時(shí)要用陳述句語序，而且要加連詞if或whether。如：Sheaskedhermother,“CanIgoshoppingwithyou?”

Sheaskedhermotherif/whethershecouldgoshoppingwithher.Heaskedme,“WillyouhaveatestonThursday?”

Heaskedmeif/whetherIwouldhaveatestonThursday.5.若直接引語為特殊疑問句，間接引語就要使用特殊疑問詞，而且要用陳述句語序。如：“Howmuchmoneydoyouspendonbooks?”heaskedme.

HeaskedmehowmuchmoneyIspentonbooks.“Whatisyouruncle?”heaskedme.

Heaskedmewhatmyunclewas.6.當(dāng)直接引語為祈使句時(shí)，間接引語要改為tell(ask,order,advise,encourage,warn)sb.(not)todosth.的句型。直接引語如果是以“Let‘s”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，通常用“suggest

+動(dòng)名詞（或從句）”1.況T穩(wěn)he域p集ol妙ic設(shè)e災(zāi)ma廣n戒sa宰id蹲t蜂o柿th爬e敘ch掘il誘dr仇en姿,中“D濤on嶺’t訪p卡la截y客fo軟ot里ba賀ll梳i機(jī)n快th吊e哈st批re連et遞.”Th臣e國po靈li敘ce介ma烈n魂to閃ld引t歪he蛾c奸hi烈ld汽re總n鉗no競t勸to改p扭la椅y仙fo變ot慢ba飲ll痛i夕n偏th岔e移st霸re血et孔.2.紙M投y托mo粥th弓er閱s炕ai技d遲to云m喚e,刑“賠Pl爹ea耗se悔c狡om洪e董an睡d拼he唐lp煉m剩e.徑”My丙m扯ot迎h(huán)e榨r階as雄ke添d牌me虧t表o違go菠a類nd訊h撫el醋p棒he棍r.3.這H陪e駱sa嘩id明,掏"L永et訓(xùn)'s諒g吩o本to宿t楊he菜m裂ov艦ie稱s.沃"He聯(lián)s頸ug嚇ge鄰st化ed仿g沈oi厚ng蔽t質(zhì)o蹈th惡e磚mo松vi勵(lì)es勢./He肚s基ug猶ge興st揉ed慚t粥ha暑t剪th匆ey專s旦ho時(shí)ul完d逮go最t止o襪se但e始th其e抹mo寬vi艙es糊.Ke紡y索to須E杜xe羽rc勁is舊e賊A2.雅a聰sk懲ed蘭h謊ow溫i際t倉co匙u(yù)l將d掙he采lp豪h紅im緣瑞r酒em杯em偷be勝r程En握gl離is干h煌wo闊rd舟s.3.握A譯sk貿(mào)ed輩w丸he激th忽er輝/i復(fù)f劑it羨t拍au慨gh職t偷li兩st預(yù)en刑in誼g瘦an茄d路sp逃ea侮ki攜ng廚.4.騎a染sk叨ed示w曬ha勉t摩th刺e僵de礦si曲gn到er科w甩ou房誠ld得d涌o席if驅(qū)s激he追w珍as礦n夾ot炮s胳at乒is怕fi茶ed膝w蜂it頓h祖th改e且so命ft術(shù)wa棍re皂.5.附a算sk惕ed宇w執(zhí)he別th補(bǔ)er教/i沙f側(cè)it村w遼as恐e酒as蔽y客to川u施se傭.Ke居y賄to方E岸xe密rc鹽is順e鉗B2.翼T疼he算e斯xp堅(jiān)er龜t因en越co律ur氣ag寒es晨u釋s鵲to頓u面se默i窮nt冒er漿es叼ti頃ng普a杜nd潤a逮tt寧ra嫁ct膽iv挎e鄰ph踢ot攪os媽.3.歸T報(bào)he終e螞xp買er項(xiàng)t街re隸co油mm落en厭ds揚(yáng)t寺ha掃t睬we嶄(哪sh暢ou圍ld庸)筆us壁e鞏ey評e-浮ca鏈tc鏈hi悲ng愚l洋og報(bào)os秒.4.墊T識he顛e候xp叉er倆t乓su善gg希es搜ts擋t營ha脆t校we衰(鍛sh高ou委ld費(fèi))決ma盞ke兆t治he句s選lo誤ga延ns羅s渣ho因rt倘a泡nd羅e紅as研y尺to目r星em央em站be祥r.5.買T壟he乘e附xp睬er起t郵te匯ll石s謠us追t膊o顆ma季ke斃g渠oo泰d棕us腔e昨of脖c籌ol篩or摸s極to敲a征tt夠ra珠ct冬p岔eo氏pl漂e’法s旅at筋te娘nt唉io疲n.把下克列句囑子改撥為間沙接引榴語“I西d伍on暫’t插t到hi汗nk夫I之w撕il末l框be筒a男bl橋e踩to續(xù)f綁in盲is重h年it駕i挪n伍ti嗓me件,”藝M蕩ik平e暖sa捐id賄.“I侍t’詳s京th私e碧mo械st壁i屈nt要er撥es吐ti和ng榮f唯il咱m放I’擇ve松e次ve喪r前se挽en浴,”物h播e往to金ld符h掌is港f趨ri核en叨d.Mi升ke承s燙ai董d和th菌at袋h粗e洪di評dn沖’t仍t賭hi局nk梯h滴e蘭wo引ul惱d陪be懼a墓bl送e封to比f社in范is括h婦it蹦i恐n擇ti旺me鎮(zhèn).He訪t憶ol獎(jiǎng)d筋hi狀s磁fr幟ie番nd屑t暈ha滋t昏it莫w眨as鼠t儉he樓m罵os拐t繳in絨te笑re染st猴in槳g急fi孫lm與h現(xiàn)e棕ha區(qū)d毒ev歐er房誠s眼ee行n.3.棗T予he囑d洞oc短to難r頭sa址id權(quán),拳“T穿he占m拐an胳h懲as進(jìn)h伐ur屑t草hi澤s景l(fā)e付g護(hù)ra仗th料er奧b最ad型ly鳴.”4.禮M足y養(yǎng)mo涌th黑er嫌s欲ai盼d,絮“草Ha蟲ve販y矛ou剪r研ba故d銜to顧ot筆h許be麗en咸p在ul柱le繼d背ou揉t??！?.咬“皆Ho悔w插wi偵ll警y淹ou蹈g障o飼to漏t盈he苦p維ar負(fù)k?救”煉Br承ow允n膛sa繁id蒸t伶o俱hi攔s餐yo享un于ge肚r撿br蔽ot外he肉r.Th某e懂do衛(wèi)ct假or束s守ai他d盡th胳at薪t查he囑m購an顆h礎(chǔ)ad曾h左ur匹t粉hi俯s剖le番g繪ra堪th斗er教b拉ad惕ly劇.My伏m孤ot滴he剖r窯as傲ke春d加if瓜m康y好ba混d傘to閱ot棚h雄ha佳d渾be首en到p旦ul腸le睛d助ou滴t.Br討ow竹n禾as騾ke巧d卻hi伯s閃yo撒un騎ge屑r揭br崖ot握he拍r文ho薪w陜he懶w止ou幫ld豈g彈o肚to傾t暗he豎p乏ar債k.把下宿列句動(dòng)子改坐為直遍接引短語He鞭a悟sk黃ed雪w漲hy忽p渴eo辱pl靜e鹿we歌nt困t依o評ha英mb控ur因ge忍r百re蛛st傲au崗ra晉nt束s.Th棟e奔st照ud毒en輪t渴to忠ld壤h東is顛h貞ea爭d宮te徒ac猜he梳r捧th然at緒h褲e楊wo考ul山d宮go念t凝o山th重e捉Gr杯ea從t疫Wa徑ll銅t鉗he滅n癢ex已t途da坑y.He猶a商sk育ed箭,估“W備hy汗d籮o即pe草op虹le晃g軌o必to劇h胖am向bu歡rg怖er閃r稼es告ta晚ur腹an打ts暢?”Th鋼e峰st未ud后en隸t懷sa劉id幟t密o縮慧hi砌s作he伴ad適t千ea削ch煉er穩(wěn)