必修4動(dòng)詞ing形式作表語定語賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語

動(dòng)詞的ing形式作表語，定語，賓補(bǔ)和狀語一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語.表示主語的內(nèi)容，可以轉(zhuǎn)換到句首作主語Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.=keepingthelecturehallascleanaspossibleisherjobHishobbyispainting.=Paintingishisjob..表示主語具有的特征、性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)（動(dòng)詞ing相當(dāng)一個(gè)形容詞），作表語用的現(xiàn)在分詞，許多是由能夠表示人們某種感情或情緒的動(dòng)詞變化而來的。常見的有：astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising,puzzling,exciting等（這類分詞表示“令人….的”含義）。如：Theproblemisquitepuzzling.Thenewssoundsencouraging.二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語.單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作前置定語，一般具有兩種含義。①說明被修飾名詞的用途和性能。areadingroom=aroomwhichisusedforreadingrunningshoes=shoesforrunning跑鞋aworkingmethod=amethodforworking 工作方法readingmaterial閱讀材料Nooneisallowedtospeakloudinthereadingroom.Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.②表示所修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在意思上接近一個(gè)定語從句，可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。(注意動(dòng)名詞作定語說明被修飾詞作用意義；現(xiàn)在分詞做定語說明被修飾詞正在做什么)developingcountries=countriesthataredeveloping發(fā)展中國家anordinary-lookinghouse=ahousethatlooksordinary看起來很普通的房子apuzzlingproblem=aproblemthatpuzzlessomebody困擾人的問題sleepingchild熟睡的孩子walkingstick手杖livingroom起居室runningwater自來水.作定語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式如是一個(gè)短語，則應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，做后置定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。Theylivedinahousefacingsouth.(=whichisfacingsouth)他們住在一所朝南的房子里。Doyouknowtheboyplayingbasket?(=Whoisplayingbasket)你認(rèn)識(shí)在打籃球的那個(gè)小男孩嗎？ThemanvisitingJapan(=themanwhoisvisitingJapan)ismyuncle正在訪問日本的那個(gè)男人是我的叔叔。第2頁Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenhard.在接下來的幾年中，他工作更努力了。Themantalkingto（=themanwhoistalkingto）theteacherisourmonitor'sfather.正在與老師談話的那個(gè)人是我們班長的父親。三、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)1、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語常放在賓語后面，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過程或一種狀態(tài)。Whenwereturned,wefoundastrangerstandinginfrontofthehouse.2、當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，原來作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語補(bǔ)足語。Theyfoundthefilmveryexciting.=Thefilmisfoundveryexciting.3、能用-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的幾類動(dòng)詞：1）表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的感官動(dòng)詞，（常見的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,catch,listento等）+sb+doingsth（作賓補(bǔ)）Ifeltsomebodystandingbehindme.Icaughtastrangerslidingintothemanager'soffice.2）表示指使意義的動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞，（常見的有have,set,keep,get,leave等）+sb/sth+doingsth（作賓補(bǔ)）Wekeptthefireburningallnight10ng.我們讓火整夜燃燒著。Iwon'thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。Thissetsmethinking.Youshouldn'tkeepyourlightsburningintheday.4、see,hear,feel,watch等動(dòng)詞之后用-ing形式和動(dòng)詞不定式（省to）作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別：Weheardthetelephonering.Weheardthetelephoneringing.前者表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，后者表示（或強(qiáng)調(diào)）動(dòng)作的全過程。四、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作狀語，在句中表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等,相當(dāng)于相對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語從句。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步狀語時(shí)多位于句首；作結(jié)果、伴隨情況狀語時(shí)常位于旬末。1表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。（有時(shí)可在動(dòng)詞-ing前加一個(gè)表時(shí)間的連詞，如when,while等）Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.我們已經(jīng)作好了充分準(zhǔn)備，現(xiàn)在可以應(yīng)考了。（=Afterwehavemadefullpreparations...）Hearingthenews,theyjumpedwithgreatjoy.Havingfinishedhishomework,Henrywenthome.(=Afterhavingfinishedhishomework/Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,Hernywenthome.)2表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。Beingill,hedidn,tgotoschoolyesterday.由于生病，他昨天沒有上學(xué)。(=Sincehewasill...)Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.(=Ashewaspoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.)Notknowinghisphonenumber,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithhim.(=Becausewedidn'tknowhisphonenumber,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithhim.)3表示結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列謂語。Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.=andlefthimalotofmoney.他父親死了，留給他許多錢.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingisthemostpopularsportintheworld.(=Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries;asaresult,itbecomesthemostpopularsportintheworld.)4表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句。Workinghardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.第5頁=Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就一定能成功。Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,you'llfindagoodway.)Drivingtoofast,you?lldamagethecar.(=Ifyoudrivetoofast,you?lldamagethecar)5表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語從句。Althoughtoilingalltheyearround(=Althoughhewastoilingalltheyearround),thepoorpeasantcouldn'taffordtosendhischildrentoschool.這位貧苦的農(nóng)民，盡管終年勞累，還是無力送孩子上學(xué)。Weighingalmostonehundredjin(=Thoughitweighedalmostonehundredjin),theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand.6表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)。Helayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.=...andstaredattheskyforalongtime他躺在草地上，長時(shí)間地望著天空。Thesixblindmenstoodalldaylongbytheroadside,beggingformoney(=theywerebeggingformoney).這六個(gè)盲人整天站在路邊乞討。Hewentout,slammingthedoor(=heslammedthedoor).他走出去，砰地一聲把門帶上。一、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換(用動(dòng)詞-ing形式)第6頁.Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,soitcausedthedelay.Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,thedelay..Johnwatchedcuriouslyandthoughtthatthewomanseemedalittlecrazy.Johnwatchedcuriously,thatthewomanseemedalittlecrazy..WhileIwaswaitingforthetrain,Ihadalongtalkwithhim.forthetrain,Ihadalongtalkwithhim..BecauseIwasill,Istayedathome.,Istayedathome.5.Ifyouturnrightatthesecondcrossing,youwillfindthepostoffice.rightatthesecondcrossing,youwillfindthepostoffice..Becauseshehadbeenbeatenbyasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.byasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.二、選擇填空ThoughIhaveoftenheardthissong,Ihaveneverheardyouit.A.beingsung;sangB.sang;singingC.sung;singD.tobesung;tosingItwassocoldthattheykeptthefireallnight.A.toburnB.burn C.burningD.burnedHelookedaroundandcaughtamanhishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.put B.tobeputtingC.toput D.putting—Didyoumeetanyoneattheparty?—No,infact,Ifoundthepartyrather.A.interesting;boring B.interested;boringC.interesting;bored D.interested;boredThesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaughtandletheroff.A.tohavestolen B.tobestealingC.tosteal D.stealingDon?tleavethewaterwhileyoubrushyourteeth.A.run B.runningC.beingrunD.to第8頁runTheboywaslastseenneartheEastLake.A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;toplayAcookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundinthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmoke D.smokedHisjobisallthechildren.A.lookafterB.lookedafterC.lookingafterD.havinglookedafterDoyouknowthegirlnearthewindow? Sheismydeskmate.A.seating B.standing C.issittingD.isstandingWhatworriedtheboymostwastovisithisfatheristhehospital.A.hisnotbeingallowed B.hisnotallowingC.hisnotbeenallowed D.hisbeingnotallowedIsitpossibleforaChineseschooltoacceptthepolicytheuseofmobilephonesoncampus?A.permitting B.topermit C.permitted第9頁D.beingpermitted Wasyesterday'sconferencesuccessful? Notreally.Thenumberofwasmuchsmallerthanwehadexpected.A.peoplewhoattendB.peopleattendedC.peopleattendingD.peopleattendsuchagoodchance,howcouldsheletitslip?A.HavingbeengivenB.HavinggivenC.TobeinggivenD.TohavegivenLivingnearthesea,.A.weenjoyfreshairandbeautifulsight.B.freshairandbeautifuliswhatweenjoyC.itisfreshandbeautifulsightiswhatweenjoyD.soweenjoyfreshandbeautifulsightThinkingaboutthefactthatIwasnotwellprepared,andtolosemyface,IgaveuptheEnglishcontest.A.notwanting B.notwant C.notwantedD.nottowantTherearemanymistakesinhisessay,hisfailure.A.whichresults B.leadingto C.ledtoD.thatledto第10頁suchheavyloss,thebusinessmandoesn'thavethecouragetogoon.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Sufferedtheproject,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.Notcompleting B.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.HavingnotcompletedThoughnaturalresources,theareaiswelldeveloped.A.lacked B.lackingof C.lackingD.lackedin,heseemstobeverynervous.A.JudgefromappearanceB.JudgesfromappearanceC.JudgedfromappearanceD.Judgingfromappearan動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞用法的區(qū)別動(dòng)詞的-ing形式按功能可分為動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。首先，動(dòng)詞的-ing形式在起名詞作用時(shí)，稱為動(dòng)名詞；用作形容詞或副詞時(shí)，稱為現(xiàn)在分詞。一、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式用作主語時(shí)為動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞不可以用作主語。.動(dòng)名詞用作主語.ReadingFrenchiseasierthanspeakingit.閱讀法文比講法語容易。.有時(shí)it作形式主語，把動(dòng)名詞主語放在句子后面第11頁It’snousetalkingwithhim.在這里碰到你真是奇跡。Itwasawasteoftimereadingthatbook.看那本書是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。.“Thereis+no”后可以用動(dòng)名詞作主語Therewasnoknowingwhathecoulddo.他能做什么很難說。Therewasnoarguingwithher.沒法和她爭論。二、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式用作賓語時(shí)為動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞不可以用作賓語。.有許多動(dòng)詞可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語Isuggestedbringingthemeetingtoanend.我建議結(jié)束會(huì)議。.有許多帶介詞的動(dòng)詞固定搭配接動(dòng)名詞作賓語Hehasgivenupplayingfootball.他現(xiàn)在不踢足球了。三、當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式用作狀語時(shí)為現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)名詞不可以用作狀語?，F(xiàn)在分詞及其短語可以用作狀語，表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。其動(dòng)作可能發(fā)生在謂語之前或之后，也可能與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。Climbingtothetopofthetower,wesawamagnificentview.我們爬到塔頂后，看到了一片壯麗的景象。（表時(shí)間）Livinginthecountry,wehadfewsocialengagements.我們住在鄉(xiāng)下，交際的機(jī)會(huì)很少。（表原因）Havingmoney,hewillbuyabiggercar.（表?xiàng)l件）Knowingthesecret,shewouldnottellmeaboutit..（表讓步）Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.那孩子跌倒了，頭碰在門上碰破了.（表結(jié)果）第12頁

Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.他靠墻站著.（表方式或伴隨情況）四、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作表語，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的-ing的作用相當(dāng)于名詞時(shí)為動(dòng)名詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的-ing的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞時(shí),動(dòng)詞的-ing為現(xiàn)在分詞。.動(dòng)名詞用作表語Herhobbyispainting.她的愛好是繪畫。Herjobwastendingthesheep.她的工作是放羊。Themainthingisgettingthereintime.首要的事是及時(shí)到達(dá)那里。.現(xiàn)在分詞用作表語Thenewsisencouraging.這消息令人鼓舞。Thisstoryisveryinteresting.這個(gè)故事很有趣。Thedaywassocharming.天氣真是好極了。Thedifferencewasmoststriking.差別很明顯。五、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作定語現(xiàn)在分詞表示其所修飾的名詞的動(dòng)作，即：現(xiàn)在分詞與其所修飾的名詞在邏輯上具有主謂關(guān)系。通常能改為一個(gè)定語從句。動(dòng)名詞則表示其修飾的名詞的性質(zhì)，或用途或功能.兩者在邏輯上無主謂關(guān)系。因此，只能改為一個(gè)for加動(dòng)名詞的短語。.動(dòng)名詞作定語，動(dòng)名詞表性質(zhì)或用途或功能。swimmingpool游泳池drinkingwater飲用水swimmingsuit游泳衣.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語developingcountries發(fā)展中國家漸繁榮的城鎮(zhèn)growingdoubts越來越大的懷疑developingcountries發(fā)展中國家漸繁榮的城鎮(zhèn)growingdoubts越來越大的懷疑condition現(xiàn)有條件theremainingdays剩下的歲月的和平aboomingtown日theexistinglastingpeace持久第13頁六、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作補(bǔ)語，但現(xiàn)在分詞用作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，與前面的賓語構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。具有這種復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞多為表示感覺的動(dòng)詞，如：smell,observe,watch,notice,lookat,listento等。另夕卜，有些使役動(dòng)詞如have,set,get,catch,keep,leave等可以后面接含有現(xiàn)在分詞的復(fù)合賓語。還有，作為賓語補(bǔ)語的現(xiàn)在分詞有時(shí)前面可有as,前面的動(dòng)詞多用regard,consider,describe,see,thinkof等。現(xiàn)在分詞用作主語補(bǔ)語，多用在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，與主語構(gòu)成復(fù)合主語。而動(dòng)名詞作補(bǔ)語對(duì)相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞卻沒這些規(guī)定。.動(dòng)名詞用作補(bǔ)語IcallthisrobbingPetertopayPaul.我管這叫做拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻。（robbing是賓語補(bǔ)語）Thisiscalledturningthingsupsidedown.這叫做把事物顛倒了。（turning是主語補(bǔ)語）.現(xiàn)在分詞用作補(bǔ)語Wefoundhimwaitingtoreceiveus.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他等著歡迎我們。Wekeptthefireburningallthetime.我們使火一直燃燒著。Theydescribedtheyoungmanashavinginitiativeanddrive.他們說這青年積極肯干。Hewasseengoingupstairs.有人看見他上樓。現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞練習(xí)Theoldfarmer,thebadly-injuredandwoundedsoldier,cameoutoftheburninghouse,forhelp.A.supporting;callingB.supportedby;calledC.beingsupportedby;calledD.beingsupporting;第14頁calledOh,it’salreadyaquarterpastsix.Whatshallwedoatthemeetingthisevening? We'llgoonwiththematterthisafternoon.A.bediscussed B.beingdiscussingC.discussed D.whichdiscussedThebravemandied,hisyoungwifenothingbutacottage.A.left;breaking B.leaving;brokenC.left;broken D.toleave;breakinghardbefore,Tomisafraidoffailingintheexam.A.Havingbeenworked B.NottohaveworkedC.Havingneverworked D.Neverhaveworked5.theexam,theboywaspunishedbyhisfather.A.Nopassing B.HavingpassedC.Notpassing D.Nothavingpassed6.Time,Icanhavedoneitbetter.A.permitB.bepermittedC.permittingD.topermittheboycouldn'tenterhishouse.第15頁A.Sincethekeyhaslost B.ThekeybeenlostC.Lostthekey D.Havinglostthekeyintomanylanguages,thestoryiswellknownallovertheworldnow.A.Beingtranslated B.HavingtranslatedC.Tobetranslated D.Havingbeentranslatedfortheterribleaccident,asthepublicthought,themayorfeltnervousandwasatalosswhattodo.A.HavingblamedB.ToblameC.BeingtobeblameD.Beingtoblamefromhearttrou